Umiastowienie obszaru Polski od XIII do XXI wieku: interpretacja geograficzno-historyczna
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Polish |
| Published: |
Katowice
Wydawnictwo Naukowe "Śląsk"
2012
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Abstract Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The making of urban Poland from the 13th to the 21st century Bibliogr. s. [325]-390 |
| Physical Description: | 403 s. Kt. 23 cm |
| ISBN: | 9788371647543 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Krzysztofik, Robert |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Umiastowienie obszaru Polski od XIII do XXI wieku |b interpretacja geograficzno-historyczna |c Robert Krzysztofik |
| 264 | 1 | |a Katowice |b Wydawnictwo Naukowe "Śląsk" |c 2012 | |
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| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The making of urban Poland from the 13th to the 21st century | ||
| 500 | |a Bibliogr. s. [325]-390 | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1200-2000 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Miasta / Polska / historia |2 jhpk | |
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Record in the Search Index
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Spis treści
Wprowadzenie
....................................11
Stan dotychczasowych badań
.......................13
Metodyka pracy i wyjaśnienie podstawowych pojęć
..........12
Rozwój sieci miast na obszarze Polski w ujęciu procesu dyfuzji
1.
Pojęcie dyfuzji. Miasto jako podmiot dyfuzji
.................29
1.1.
Wprowadzenie teoretyczne
......................29
1.2.
Ustalenie liczby miast
.........................34
1.3.
Periodyzacja oraz regionalizacja obszaru badań
..........35
1.4.
Genotypy funkcjonalne miast. Podwójna klasyfikacja
.......40
1.4.
Koncepcja logistyczna dyfuzji innowacji
..............48
2.
Dyfuzja miast w okresie średniowiecznym
(1211-1500) ..........55
2.1.
Dyfuzja ośrodkowo charakterze centralnym
............55
2.2.
Dyfuzja ośrodków o charakterze wyspecjalizowanym
.......66
2.3.
Stan końcowy sieci miast w
1500
r.
..................72
3.
Dyfuzja miast w epoce wczesnonowożytnej
(1501-1800)..........78
3.1.
Dyfuzja ośrodkowo charakterze centralnym
............78
3.2.
Dyfuzja ośrodkowo charakterze wyspecjalizowanym
.......82
3.3.
Stan końcowy sieci miast w
1800
r.
..................86
4.
Dyfuzja miast w okresie industrialnym
(1801-1945) ............92
4.1.
Dyfuzja ośrodkowo charakterze centralnym
............92
4.2.
Dyfuzja ośrodków o charakterze wyspecjalizowanym
.......94
4.3.
Stan końcowy sieci miast w
1945
r.
..................96
5.
Dyfuzja miast w okresie powojennym
(1946-1989) ............102
5.1.
Dyfuzja ośrodkowo charakterze centralnym
...........102
5.2.
Dyfuzja ośrodków o charakterze wyspecjalizowanym
......104
5.3.
Stan końcowy sieci miast w
1989
r.
.................107
6.
Rozwój sieci miast w latach
1990-2008 ...................112
7.
Trwałość lokacji miejskich
......................118
8.
Synteza procesu dyfuzji miast na obszarze Polski
.........123
Próba wyjaśnienia procesu umiastowienia obszaru Polski
9.
Wprowadzenie teoretyczne
..........................129
9.1.
Układ funkcjonalno-lokalizacyjny. Typologia i zakres
definicyjny
..............................129
9.2.
Funkcje miast i zasadność wyróżniania zagregowanych
układów funkcjonalno-lokalizacyjnych miast
..........137
9.3.
Przegląd podstawowych teorii i modeli rozwoju oraz
kształtowania zge
ner
alizo
wanych funkcjonalnie układów
lokalizacyjnych
............................144
9.4.
Układy lokalizacyjne a cykle rozwojowe na tle dyfuzji
umiastowienia
............................157
10.
Układy warunkowane siłami dośrodkowymi (układy ośrodków
centralnych)
..................................161
10.1.
Teoria i jej odniesienia w literaturze
...............161
10.2.
Specyfika wybranych układów lokalizacyjnych o charakterze
centralnym na ziemiach polskich w średniowieczu
.......166
11.
Układy warunkowane siłami odśrodkowymi (układy ośrodków
wyspecjalizowanych)
.............................200
11.1.
Zarys teoretyczny
..........................200
11.2.
Genotypy funkcjonalne miast Górnośląskiego Okręgu
Przemysłowego oraz Rybnickiego Okręgu Węglowego
.....204
11.3.
Ruda Śląska jako przykład miasta o funkcjach
wyspecjalizowanych
.........................213
12.
Układy warunkowane siłami dośrodkowymi i odśrodkowymi
.....225
12.1.
Układ lokalizacyjny miast typu system-sieci
..........225
12.2.
Układy lokalizacyjne miast-wrót
.................262
Podsumowanie i wnioski
............................318
Post
scriptum
...................................324
Bibliografia
....................................325
Spis tabel
......................................391
Spis rycin
.....................................394
Summary
.....................................397
Summary
The Making of Urban Poland from
the 13th to the 21st Century.
A Geographical-Historical Interpretation
Assumptions
The progress of urbanization and the process of townification in the world in the last de¬
cades has been characterized by extraordinarily intense dynamics. The phenomenon has
been analogous in Poland. The complicated contemporary systems and networks in the
geographic space create a phenomenon, in which the specific dichotomy between the
city and the village is disappearing. Cities, and especially more visible metropolises, and
also areas urbanized to a greater or lesser extent, are more and more common.
Urbanization has become one of the primary social and economic processes that
puts in order and also organizes the contemporary spacial structures on the territo¬
ry of Poland. The multiplicity of depictions of the urbanization phenomenon, that
consists in, either focusing on one of its aspects or only on legitimated municipal
units, frequently leads to the lack of precision in providing its definition. The book,
according to its title, discusses the issue of urban development in its dynamic de¬
piction. The dynamics of the discussed phenomenon was presented on the basis of
a study on the process of diffusion of cities and urban locations. In the research, the
information on urban foundations and granting privileges for towns for about
1830
towns located in contemporary Poland was used. Out of the group, about
100
con¬
stituted unsuccessful foundations and urban
translocations.
The first part of the book discusses the process of townification within the bor¬
ders of contemporary Poland, on the basis of the innovation diffusion method. The
examined process is a complex phenomenon. On the one hand, it is conditioned by
many factors, which are characteristic for a given epoch or historical and geograph¬
ic region only. On the other hand, the permanent, but diverse in their structure, city-
-forming forces are present here.
One of the methods of explaining the process of townification is an attempt to
discuss it on the basis of the functional genotypes concept of the specific locational
patterns of towns. This assumption was applied on the basis of the specifics of loca¬
tional patterns of towns and the ability to accomplish their systematization and ty¬
pology within the frames of the functional aspect of the research.
398
Summary
The explanatory part of the work, despite its considerable size, was treated as
complementary in the book. The specifics of the locational patterns of towns and
centres: the central ones, the specialized ones, the network system and also the gate¬
way type ones, as the explanation of the differentiation of the townification process
in Poland, was presented in the second part of the study.
Some issues discussed in the book, and in particular, the theoretical ones, have
been partially or broadly described by the Author in other academic publications.
The study, due to its synthetic and explanatory character, refers to these publications.
An author s own work, published in
2007,
and entitled Urban Locations on the Ter¬
ritory of Poland. A Geographical and Historical Documentation, presents a comple¬
mentation to the book and contains a number of detailed points on the location,
functional genotype, time and size of all located towns, starting form the 13th, and
ending in the beginning of the 21st century. This study comprises a continuation to
the above mentioned monograph.
Subject of study. The study subject is the process of urbanization, set in space-
-time continuum and examined from the point of view of geography and the his¬
torical urban geography. Urban geography includes the origin and development of
towns, the inner differentiation of towns due to their functions and the
interur¬
ban
relations and the relations of town
-
village
[Maik,
1997].
Out of the above-
-mentioned research directions in the study, the focus was placed on the former one,
that is the emergence and development of cities; the remaining elements are of com¬
plementary nature. Similarly, the historical urban geography will deal with the anal¬
ysis of the above mentioned phenomena from the historical point of view.
Aim of study. The primary aim is the analysis of a diffusion process of towns on the
territory of contemporary Poland from the 13 th to the beginning of the 21st century and
an attempt to explain the phenomenon on the basis of the specifics of the defined func¬
tional and locational patterns.
Research problem. The research problem examined in the thesis was defined in
the following way: The establishment of typology for functional genotypes in the ex¬
isting urban networks (in the form of functional locating systems) is the essential el¬
ement to determine the essence and intensity of the diffusion process of townifica¬
tion in the aspect of study on the space-time continuum of Polish territories in the
period of the last
800
years.
Basic research theses. The research work is based on two basic research theses that
take into account the two research issues included in the sub-heading of the book.
Firstly, it was assumed that the functional heterogeneity of municipal centres
and the genetic and functional diversity of urban networks in interpreting their
development as a process of a diffusion nature, requires the application of a tri¬
ple analysis:
-
including the cities that are developing as a result of centripetal processes (of
central nature),
Summary
399
-
including the cities that are developing as a result of centrifugal processes (of
specialized nature),
-
including the cities, where the development is a combination of the two above
mentioned processes and explained through the models, such as: gateway cities
or the cities of the pattern of the network system type.
Secondly, it was assumed that the townification process, within the borders of con¬
temporary Poland, shall be explained as a complex and diversified process. To explain
it, it is essential to use many models and research concepts focused on urban develop¬
ment. From the point of view of the genetic and functional research, it was considered
crucial to use the following theoretical depictions: the concept of diffusion of innova¬
tion, the theory of central place, the concept of the economic base of towns, the mo¬
dels of gateway cities and the concept of cites of the pattern of the network system type.
The results of the research
In the presentation of diffusion of urban locations on Polish land, the presence of
two functional types was assumed: the towns, whose emergence and early develop¬
ment (genotype) was decided upon by central functions, and the towns with specia¬
lized functional genesis. The urban locations of the mixed type were taken into con¬
sideration in the research, both in the first and second functional group.
The result of the research is such that the diffusion of urban locations of the cen¬
tral type took a characteristic shape of a vector with the dominant western direction,
which was obviously connected with the migrations of ideas and people and ideas
popularising the ideas of the city (the so called interpersonal character of diffusion
in the Middle Ages ).
This defined direction in the examined process was more visible, especially du¬
ring the penetration, expansion and consolidation stages of the central centres. It
lost its potential at the full saturation stage.
In the case of towns of the central character, a clearly shaped range of the outer¬
most wave of diffusion was observed and the foundation activity on the poorly po¬
pulated and developed areas came to an end, practically in the first half of the 18th
century. The urban centres with the central functions of genesis are located then on
the whole territory of the country.
It shall be highlighted that the diffusion of urban locations with the central cha¬
racter is of global nature, i.e. depending on the regional conditioning of the political,
economic and natural type, and covers the whole territory of the research.
The diffusion of centres of the specialized type progressed in a diverse manner.
Firstly, it shall be noticed that, both nationwide and in the selected geographic
and historical regions, the diffusion was of an unremarkable orientation nature. It
was distinct practically only during the penetration and partially the expansion sta¬
ges. It seems that it effected from the differences of genetic and functional nature
4OO
Summary
and the specifics of the townifying forces between the central and specialized cen¬
tres. In the case of the specialized functions, due to the centrifugal nature of the for¬
ces determining them, the orientation was of some importance only during the in¬
itial stage of urban network development, which was connected with the spread of
the urban idea on a given area.
In the further stage, the development of specialized centres was conditioned by
the demand for goods offered by them. Consequently, in most cases, the placement
of the newly emerged, specialized cities was conjugated with the economic condi¬
tions of the region, where they developed, and also with the civilization and techno¬
logy progress factor.
Unlike in the case of towns of a central nature, the diffusion of specialized cen¬
tres was of a selective character, i.e. they emerged within the administrative borders
of only some of the contemporary poviats and cities with poviat rights. The pheno¬
menon is emphasized especially in relation to the analysis of urban locations and the
precisely specialized locations.
Important conclusions relating to the process of urban diffusion in the functio¬
nal depiction are drawn due to the analysis of the mixed type genotype.
Firstly, it shall be highlighted that only the overlap of 19th century political and
economic factors allowed for the characteristic transfer from the domination of the
mixed genotypes towards the precisely specialized genotype domination.
Secondly, it shall be noticed that the functional genotype of a given urban loca¬
tion was significantly determined by the period of the towns emergence. An effect
of this is the fact that against some opinions presented in earlier literature, the ba¬
lance between the occurrence of central functions and specialized ones in the gene¬
ral collection of urban centres, happened around the middle of the 16th century, and
not as it is frequently assumed, the beginning of the 19th century. It was in the 16th
century when the levels of locations of the central type and the specialized type equ¬
alized. The latter ones would be dominant until the present times, while the largest
differences between the number of both functional types would occur only from the
second half of the 19th century.
In the study, attention was also paid to the fact of an explosion of centres of a mi¬
xed type with overlapping backgrounds, in the Early Modern Era (16th-
1
8th century).
In the case of the specialized character town, attention was paid to the three expan¬
sion waves:
-
medieval, connected with the domination of crafts and transport;
-
modern, connected with ruralization of towns, and
-
industrial, connected with mining and industry.
The centres of the central character, experienced two expansion waves: the me¬
dieval one and the modern one. The former was connected with the progress of set¬
tlement as a process (directional movement of the border of urban settlement). The
latter was connected with the so called internal colonization.
SUMMARY 4O1
The fundamental effect of research on the process of diffusion of urban locations
on the territory of contemporary Poland is the remark on the clear stages in urban
network development. This phenomenon was demonstrated with the sudden incre¬
ase of towns until around
1500,
through the regress in the modern era and industrial
periods, up to the repeated upward tendency after World War II.
A noticeable decreasing tendency shall, as it may seem, be identified with the cri¬
sis of the central functions that took place in the period from the
Іб*11
to the end of the
20th century, with the simultaneously limited development of specialized functions.
The increase of the latter happened mainly in the post-war period, which was con¬
nected with the dynamic industrialization of the centrally planned economy period.
Important research conclusions also result from the assumptions of the second
part of the work, which has an explication nature. The first crucial observation in re¬
ference to the functional aspect of the research was the fact that each change of the
basis of the economic and social system on a given area in a region brought about an
immediate reaction in the form of the modification of the urban network. The pro¬
cess was based on the activity of two townifying forces
-
the centripetal and centri¬
fugal, generated by the social and economic space. The energy of their interaction
was so strong that, in fact, it eliminated the barriers of the physical and geographic
nature. A proof might be in the obvious interregional difference in the townification
level in the analogous periods.
The relevance of the physical and geographic conditions in the creation of urban
networks is visible in the case of some centres in the medieval times.
The functional aspect of research allows the remark that towns, as a fragment of
a specific functional system, which is defined as the so called entrance to the urban
network and the social and economic system, are those elements of space, whose
form and size is determined by the possibilities to implement the demand of the go¬
ods offered by specific individuals. Demand of the closer and farther background is
almost solely the causative factor of a town s existence.
The behavioural factors, brought down to the undertakings concentrated more
on the founder s needs than the needs of the founded urban space, unless they were
the only ones, almost always translated into the events, such as: unrealized location,
or the unsuccessful location of the ephemera-town.
The evanescence of the urban existence is visible also in the case of towns, who¬
se establishment shall be connected with the specialized genotype. The more impor¬
tant the role of specialized functions in a given case, the more such town was expo¬
sed to possible economic and social degradation, and consequently, or independen¬
tly, to legal and administrative degradation.
The work also verified the existing dualism in academic literature in the functio¬
nal sphere of the townification of Poland. The basis for the verification was to esta¬
blish the functional genotype for urban location. The essence of the research pro¬
blem resulted from the fact that the professional literature [among others: Dzie-
4O2
Summary
woński,
1947;
Goryński,
1966;
Piskozub,
1967;
Malisz,
1981;
Prochownikowa,
1987;
Rajman,
1987;
Suliborski,
2001
or
Jałowiecki, Szczepański,
2002]
and also the com¬
monly used stereotypes, define the functional aspect of the townification of Poland
as a binomial process, comprising of:
-
development of the pre-industrial (central) and industrial (specialized) towns;
-
development of towns until the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries and development
of towns in the period from the 19th to the 21st century.
The theories of the network-system and gateway towns, which have practically not
been applied for the purpose of explaining the mechanisms of development of the town
networks, have allowed to shed a new light on the presented issues. A thorough analy¬
sis of various functions of towns existing within the frames of the location systems of
the above mentioned types, determines their definition as centres of a mixed character.
From the explanations of P. Hohenberg and L.
Hollen
Lees (the concept of the
network system) and A. Burghardt and J. Birds (theory of gateway cities), among
others, it is clearly concluded that the cities presented by them, from the functional
point of view, are neither model central places, described by W.
Christaller,
nor typi¬
cal specialized centres defined in the concept of economic basis.
The research on urban networks and their functions, the analysis of known the¬
oretical concepts and the elsewhere published basis for single facts relating to all
urban locations on the territory of contemporary Poland [Krzysztofik,
2007],
allo¬
wed a different approach to the issue discussed.
In the following work, the up-to-date, binomial division of the townification
process of Polish land is postulated to be completed with the third stage,
chrono-
logically referring to the period of the 16th to the 18th centuries. Treating it, within
the frames of the approved, functional aspect of the research still as a continuation
of the medieval period, does not bear criticism. This stage was defined as the stage
of development of urban networks within the frames of functional genotypes of mi¬
xed character. The degradation of the central functions and the increase of impor¬
tance of the specialized functions in the genesis of most modern era towns located
within the borders of contemporary Poland, however visible phenomena they were,
they could not have been assigned to any of the mentioned functional types. Such
attempts shall be a kind of unfavourable simplification.
The relevance of the separate treatment of the feudal era (here: the 13th to the
18th centuries) is also indicated by the most crucial selective functions in the gene¬
sis of modern-era towns, namely agriculture and non-local trade. For the medieval
period, the typical townifying activities consisted of local trade, craftsmanship and
agriculture, while in the period from the 19th to the 20th century, they were: agricul¬
ture, mining, transport and tourism and recreational functions.
Finally, it shall be stated that there existed superposition and balance of activity
as far as the centripetal and centrifugal forces are concerned. The phenomena deter¬
mined the existence of the functional genotype of the miscellaneous nature.
Summary 4O3
The research on the early modern-era townification of Polish land presented
in the book, attracts attention to the paradox existing in the time of the discus¬
sed process. It was made up by the location of hundreds of small, agrarian or half-
-agriculrural towns. These settlements emerged as peculiar warehouses of the ma¬
norial system production. The genetic factor for them, or from a different point of
view, the selective function, was agricultural activity. Farming, being, by definition,
the opposite antithesis of the urbanization process, that was so strongly marked in
the genesis of towns, poses one of the largest paradoxes of the development of the
process on the territory of contemporary Poland.
This period is also related to the emergence of one of the largest phenomena
of the urbanization of Poland, namely the emergence of the characteristic micro-
-conurbations of rural towns. The development mechanisms and structure of these
settlement forms was similar to the systems known from following periods.
The work does not exhaust the subject of development and transformation of ci¬
ties on the territory of present Poland. This refers to its explication part in particular.
Many issues that have been discussed in the book, require further research, both on
the basic level (e.g. the issue of urban agglomerations created before the second half
of the 20th century, and especially the ones of the feudal period, the issues of contac-
tability and hierarchical structure of city diffusion on a local scale) and also on the
general level (the issue of the actual purpose of agricultural functions in the deve¬
lopment of urbanization of Polish land, the issue of the relation between the stages
and periodicity of urban diffusion). The aim of the work, according to the author,
was to make this synthesis a starting point for many conclusions in research on tow-
nifying Polish land, and, in particular, the issues that have not been researched yet.
Bayerische J
Staatsbibliothek
j
München
і
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Krzysztofik, Robert |
| author_facet | Krzysztofik, Robert |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Krzysztofik, Robert |
| author_variant | r k rk |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV041373994 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)869851238 (DE-599)BVBBV041373994 |
| era | Geschichte 1200-2000 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1200-2000 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Polen |
| id | DE-604.BV041373994 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:55:15Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788371647543 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-026822100 |
| oclc_num | 869851238 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 403 s. Kt. 23 cm |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publishDateSearch | 2012 |
| publishDateSort | 2012 |
| publisher | Wydawnictwo Naukowe "Śląsk" |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Krzysztofik, Robert Verfasser aut Umiastowienie obszaru Polski od XIII do XXI wieku interpretacja geograficzno-historyczna Robert Krzysztofik Katowice Wydawnictwo Naukowe "Śląsk" 2012 403 s. Kt. 23 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The making of urban Poland from the 13th to the 21st century Bibliogr. s. [325]-390 Geschichte 1200-2000 gnd rswk-swf Miasta / Polska / historia jhpk Urbanizacja / Polska / historia jhpk Miasta / początki jhpk Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 gnd rswk-swf Verstädterung (DE-588)4063234-9 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 g Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 s Verstädterung (DE-588)4063234-9 s Geschichte 1200-2000 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026822100&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026822100&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Krzysztofik, Robert Umiastowienie obszaru Polski od XIII do XXI wieku interpretacja geograficzno-historyczna Miasta / Polska / historia jhpk Urbanizacja / Polska / historia jhpk Miasta / początki jhpk Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 gnd Verstädterung (DE-588)4063234-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4056723-0 (DE-588)4063234-9 (DE-588)4046496-9 |
| title | Umiastowienie obszaru Polski od XIII do XXI wieku interpretacja geograficzno-historyczna |
| title_auth | Umiastowienie obszaru Polski od XIII do XXI wieku interpretacja geograficzno-historyczna |
| title_exact_search | Umiastowienie obszaru Polski od XIII do XXI wieku interpretacja geograficzno-historyczna |
| title_full | Umiastowienie obszaru Polski od XIII do XXI wieku interpretacja geograficzno-historyczna Robert Krzysztofik |
| title_fullStr | Umiastowienie obszaru Polski od XIII do XXI wieku interpretacja geograficzno-historyczna Robert Krzysztofik |
| title_full_unstemmed | Umiastowienie obszaru Polski od XIII do XXI wieku interpretacja geograficzno-historyczna Robert Krzysztofik |
| title_short | Umiastowienie obszaru Polski od XIII do XXI wieku |
| title_sort | umiastowienie obszaru polski od xiii do xxi wieku interpretacja geograficzno historyczna |
| title_sub | interpretacja geograficzno-historyczna |
| topic | Miasta / Polska / historia jhpk Urbanizacja / Polska / historia jhpk Miasta / początki jhpk Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 gnd Verstädterung (DE-588)4063234-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Miasta / Polska / historia Urbanizacja / Polska / historia Miasta / początki Stadt Verstädterung Polen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026822100&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026822100&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT krzysztofikrobert umiastowienieobszarupolskiodxiiidoxxiwiekuinterpretacjageograficznohistoryczna |