Principles of ecotoxicology:
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| Format: | Book |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Boca Raton, FL [u.a.]
CRC Press
2012
|
| Edition: | 4. ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XXV, 360 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9781439862667 |
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| 020 | |a 9781439862667 |c pbk. |9 978-1-439-86266-7 | ||
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Principles of ecotoxicology |c C. H. Walker ... |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Principles of ecotoxicology |
| 250 | |a 4. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Boca Raton, FL [u.a.] |b CRC Press |c 2012 | |
| 300 | |a XXV, 360 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Umwelt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Pollution |x Environmental aspects | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nature |x Effect of human beings on | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Environmental toxicology | |
| 650 | 7 | |a SCIENCE / Environmental Science |2 bisacsh | |
| 650 | 7 | |a TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Environmental / General |2 bisacsh | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Umwelttoxikologie |0 (DE-588)4121813-9 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Umwelttoxikologie |0 (DE-588)4121813-9 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Walker, Colin H. |d 1936- |e Sonstige |0 (DE-588)139475737 |4 oth | |
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| adam_text | FFI
CONTENTS
PREFACE
TO
FOURTH
EDITION.......
..................XV
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
............
XVII
AUTHORS
...........
XIX
LNTRODUCTION
........................
XXI
SECTION
I
POLLUTANTS
AND
THEIR
FATE
IN
ECOSYSTEMS
1.
MAJOR
CLASSES
OF
POLLUTANTS...................
................3
1.1
INORGANIC
IONS.............
...............3
1.1.1
METALS
............................3
1,.1,.2
ANIONS
...........................6
1..2
ORGANIC
POLLUTANTS
....................7
7.2.1.
HYDROCARBONS.................
...................8
1..2.2
POLYCHLORINATED
BIPHENYLS
(PCBS)
.....................10
1.2.3
POLYCHLORINATED BENZODIOXINS
(PCDDS)......
..........................72
1..2.4
POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS
(PCDFS)
.........12
L.2.5
POLYBROMINATED
BIPHENYLS
(PBBS)
..................,..12
1..2.6
ORGANOCHLORINE
INSECTICIDES
.............
.................13
1..2.7
ORGANOPHOSPHOROUS
INSECTICIDES
(OPG
...........
.....................14
1..2.8
CARBAMATE
INSECTICIDES
..................15
1-2.9
PYRETHROID
INSECTICIDES
..................16
1.2.10
NEONICOTINOIDS.
..........76
1.2.11
PHENOXY HERBICIDES
(PLANT
GROWTH
REGULATORS)
..................17
1.2.12
ANTICOAGULANT
RODENTICIDES...................
............
18
1.2.13
DETERGENTS.
..................
18
L.2.1.4
CHLOROPHENOLS
............18
1..2.1.5
ETHINYLESTRADIOL
(EE2)....
.................20
L.2.1.6
PHARMACEUTICALS
.........20
1..3
ORGANOMETALLIC
COMPOUNDS............
..........20
1..4
RADIOACTIVE
ISOTOPES......
.........21,
1..4.1
INTRODUCTION
................21.
1.4.2
NATURES
AND
INTENSITIES
OF RADIOACTIVE DECAY
PRODUCTS..........................22
1.4.3
HALF-LIVES..
..................23
1..4.4
BIOCHEMISTRY...................
.................23
1.5
GASEOUS
POLLUTANTS...
..-........-.-.A
1.6
NANOPARTICLES.................
..........25
1.7
SUMMARY...
..........25
FURTHER
READING......
......26
2.
ROUTES
BY
WHICH
POLLUTANTS
ENTER
ECOSYSTEMS..........
..........27
2.L
ENTRY INTO
SURFACE
WATERS
......27
2.2
CONTAMINATION
OF
LAND...........
.................,..30
2.3
DISCHARGE
INTO
ATMOSPHERE...............
.........31
AN
3.
2.4
QUANTIFICATION
OF
RELEASE
OF
POLLUTANTS.........................:..............
.......35
...........:..............................
.......35
FURTHER
READING......
........,..*........
......36
LONG-RANGE MOVEMENTS
AND
GLOBAL
TRANSPORT
OF
POLIUTANTS....................................37
3.1
FACTORS
DETERMINING
MOVEMENTS
AND
DISTRIBUTIONS
OF
PO11UTANTS......................37
3.1.1
POLARITY
AND WATER
SOLUBILITY....
.........................37
3.1.2
PARTITION
COEFFICIENTS
......................39
3.1.3
VAPOR
PRESSURE
...........40
3.1,.4
PARTITION
BETWEEN
ENVIRONMENTAL
COMPARTMENTS
..............40
3.1.5
MOLECULAR STABILITY
AND
RECALCITRANT
MOLECUIES........................................40
3.3
TRANSPORT IN
AIR
......................42
3.4
MODE1S
FOR ENVIRONMENTAL
DISTRIBUTION
OF
CHEMICA1S........................................,44
3.5
SUMMARY...
..........48
FURTHER
READING......
......48
THE
FATE
OF
METALS AND
RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES
IN
CONTAMINATED
ECOSYSTEMS
...........49
4.1.
INTRODUCTION
........49
4.1.1
LOCALIZATION
................49
4.1,.2
PERSISTENCE.
..................49
4.1.3
BIOCONCENTRATION
AND
BIOACCUMULATION
FACTORS
........................................50
4.1..4
BIOAVAILABILITY................
..................51
4.1,.5
COCKTAILS
OF
INORGANIC
POLLUTANTS
......................51
4.2
TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEMS
............51
4.2.1.
INTRODUCTION
................51
4.2.2
METALS
..........................51
4.2.3
RADIOACTIVITY...................
.................54
4.3
AQUATIC
SYSTEMS
......................55
4.4
SUMMARY...
..........58
FURTHER
READING......
...........................59
FATES
OF
ORGANIC POLLUTANTS
IN INDIVIDUALS
AND
IN
ECOSYSTEMS
..................................63
5.1
FATE
WITHIN
INDIVIDUAL
ORGANISMS.
...........63
5.1.1
GENERAL
MODE1.........
........................63
5.1..2
PROCESSES
OF
UPTAKE...
.....................66
5.1.3
PROCESSES
OF
DISTRIBUTION...............
.....................68
5.1,.4
STORAGE
.........................69
5.1.5
METABOLISM
.................70
5-1..6
SITES
OF
EXCRETION....
.........................78
5.1.7
TOXICOKINETIC
MODELS....
..................80
5.1.8
TOXICOKINETIC
MODELS FOR
BIOCONCENTRATION AND
BIOACCUMULATION
.........82
5.2
ORGANIC
POLLUTANTS
IN TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEMS...................
.................84
5.2.1,
FATE
IN
SOILS............
..........................84
5.2.2
TRANSFER
ALONG
TERRESTRIAL
FOOD
CHAINS........
.........................86
5.3
ORGANIC
POLLUTANTS
IN
AQUATIC
ECOSYSTEMS
...................90
5.3.1
POLLUTANTS
IN
SEDIMENTS
..................
....................90
5.3.2
TRANSFER
ALONG
AQUATIC
FOOD
CHAINS
................91.
4.
5.
5.4
SUMMARY...
......... 92
FURTHER
READING......
...........................93
SECTION
II
EFFECTS
OF
POLLUTANTS
ON
INDIVIDUAL
ORGANISMS
5.
TESTING
FOR
ECOTOXICITY...............
. ....97
6.1.
GENERAL
PRINCIPLES...
....... ........97
6.2
DETERMINATION
OF
TOXICITIES
OF
MIXTURES
.................. ...
101
6.3
TOXICITY
TESTING
WITH
TERRESTRIAL
ORGANISMS...............
....................102
6.3.1
INTRODUCTION
............ .102
6.3.2
INVERTEBRATE
TESTING........
..............103
6.3.2.1,
TESTING
WITH
EARTHWORMS............
. ....103
6.3.2.2
TESTS
WITH
SPRINGTAILS
.......................
106
6.3.2.3
TESTS
WITH
BENEFICIAL
ARTHROPODS
....106
6.3.2.4
AUTOMATED
VIDEOTRACKING................
......................
108
6.3.3
VERTEBRATES
................109
6.3.4
PLANTS
.........................111
6.4
TOXICITY
TESTING
WITH
AQUATIC
ORGANISMS...................
.....................112
6.4.1,
TESTS
FOR
DIRECT ABSORPTION FROM
WATER.
........112
6.4.2
SEDIMENT
TOXICITY
TESTS............
. ..116
6.5
RISK
ASSESSMENT............
....... 116
6.6
FIELD TESTING
FOR
TOXICITY.
.....
118
6.7
ALTERNATIVE METHODS
IN
ECOTOXICITY
TESTING.....
...........119
6.7.1
ALTERNATIVE
METHODS FOR ESTIMATING
TOXICITY
TO
VERTEBRATES.................120
6.7.1,.1,
TOXICITY
TESTING
ON
LIVE
VERTEBRATES.
....................120
6.7.1,.2
TOXICITY
TESTING
ON
NONVERTEBRATES............
..........121
6.7.1,.3
TOXICITY
TESTING
ON
CELLULAR
SYSTEMS.......
.............121
6.7.1,.4
PREDICTIVE
MODELS........
.......................122
6.7.2
ALTERNATIVE
APPROACHES
TOWARD MORE
ECOLOGICAL
END
POINTS...............122
6.7.2.1,
FIELD
STUDIES...................
.....................122
6.7.2.2
MICROCOSMS
AND
MESOCOSMS..............
...................123
6.7.2.3
THEORETICAL
MODE1S........
..-..................124
6.8
SUMMARY...
........124
FURTHER
READING......
....124
7.
BIOCHEMICAL
EFFECTS
OF
PO11UTANTS...................
.......................125
7.1
INTRODUCTION
......125
7.2
PROTECTIVE
BIOCHEMICAL
RESPONSES..
.........128
7.3
MOLECULAR
MECHANISMS
OF
TOXICITY
.........129
7.4
EXAMPLES
OF
MOLECULAR
MECHANISMS
OF
TOXICITY
.......
131
7.4.1
GENOTOXIC
COMPOUNDS
............. ..131
7.4.2
NEUROTOXIC
COMPOUNDS
......... .....132
7.4.3
MITOCHONDRIAL
POISONS
.................134
7.4.4
VITAMIN
K ANTAGONISTS
...............
......................134
7.4.5
THYROXINE
ANTAGONISTS
.......... . ....
L35
7.4.6
INHIBITION
OF
ATPASES.
..................
135
7.4.7
ENVIRONMENTALESTROGENSANDANDROGENS..............
.... .. ...135
8.
7.4.8
REACTIONS
WITH
PROTEIN
SULFHYDRYL
(SH)
GROUPS
................137
7.4.9
PHOTOSYSTEMS
OF
PLANTS
................137
7.4.10 PLANTGROWTH
REGULATOR
HERBICIDES..
..............138
7.5
SUMMARY...
........138
FURTHER
READING......
....138
PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
OF
POLLUTANTS
..................
.....................
141
8.1
INTRODUCTION
......141
8.2
EFFECTS OF
POLLUTANTS
AT
CELLULAR
LEVEL...........
...............147
8.3
EFFECTS
AT
ORGAN
LEVEL
IN
ANIMALS
..........144
8.4
EFFECTS
AT
WHOLE
ORGANISM
LEVEL...........
......................148
8.4.1
NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS.........
......................
148
8.4.2
EFFECTS
ON
BEHAVIOR
.......................150
8.4.3
REPRODUCTIVE
EFFECTS.........
............154
8.5
EFFECTS ON
PLANTS
....................
L56
8.6
ENERGY
COSTS
OF PHYSIOLOGICAL
CHANGE
........................157
FURTHER
READING......
....162
INTERACTIVE EFFECTS
OF
POLLUTANTS
..................
.....163
9.1
INTRODUCTION
......163
9.2
ADDITIVE
EFFECTS.........
............164
9.3
POTENTIATION
OF
TOXICITY...
...... 165
9.4
POTENTIATION
DUE TO
INHIBITION
OF
DETOXIFICATION.............
................767
9.5
POTENTIATION
FROM
INCREASED
ACTIVATION................
.......169
9.6
FIELD
DETECTION
OF
POTENTIATION...........
......169
9.7 SUMMARY...
........171,
FURTHER
READING......
....172
BIOMARKERS
..................173
10.1
CLASSIFICATION OF
BIOMARKERS...............
......173
10.2
SPECIFICITY
OF
BIOMARKERS
.................
.........174
10.3
RELATIONSHIP
OF
BIOMARKERS
TO ADVERSE
EFFECTS
..........176
10.4
SPECIFIC
BIOMARKERS.
..............178
1.0.4.1.
INHIBITION
OF
ESTERASES
..................178
10.4.2
THE
INDUCTION
OF
MONOOXYGENASES
.................
178
10.4.3
STUDIES OF GENETIC
MATERIALS
........179
10.4.4
PORPHYRINS
AND HEME
SYNTHESIS
.....................182
10.4.5
INDUCTION
OF
VITELLOGENIN.................
.................
183
10.4.6
BEHAVIORAL
BIOMARKERS.................
.....................
183
10.4.7
BIOMARKERS
IN
P1ANTS.....
................185
10.5
ROLE
OF BIOMARKERS
IN
ENVIRONMENTAL
RISK
ASSESSMENT
................
186
10.6
SUMMARY...
........188
FURTHER
READING......
....188
IN
SITU
BIOLOGICAL
MONITORING
......189
11.1
INTRODUCTION
......189
11..2
COMMUNITY
EFFECTS
(TYPE
1
BIOMONITORING)
...............189
11..2.1.
TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEMS
.................190
10.
L1.
11.2.2
FRESHWATER
ECOSYSTEMS
................190
11.2.3
MARINE
ECOSYSTEMS
................... ...193
11.3
BIOCONCENTRATION
OF
POLLUTANTS
(TYPE
2
BIOMONITORING)...............
........................194
11.3.1
TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEMS
.................194
17.3.2
FRESHWATER
ECOSYSTEMS
................195
11.3.3 MARINE
ECOSYSTEMS
......................
195
11..4
EFFECTS OF
POLLUTANTS
(TYPE
3
BIOMONITORING)
...........
.................. .....198
11..4.1.
TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEMS
.................799
11,.4.2
FRESHWATER
ECOSYSTEMS
................199
71..4.3
MARINE
ECOSYSTEMS
............ ..........200
11.5
GENETICALLY
BASED
RESISTANCE
TO
POLLUTION
(TYP
4
BIOMONITORING)...................201
11..6
CONCLUSIONS
.......202
1L.7
SUMMARY...
........203
FURTHER
READING......
........ ................203
SECTION
III
EFFECTS
OF
POLLUTANTS
ON
POPULATIONS
AND
COMMUNITIES
12.
CHANGES
IN
NUMBERS:
POPULATION DYNAMICS
................
...207
72.1. POPULATION
ABUNDANCE
.........208
12.2
POPULATION GROWTH
RATE.............
...............209
12.3
POPULATION GROWTH
RATE
DEPENDS
ON
THE
PROPERTIES OF
INDIVIDUAL
ORGANISMS.
....... 209
12.3.1
THE
LIFE
HISTORY
AND
POPULATION GROWTH
RATE
OF THE COASTAL
COPEPOD
EURYTEMORA
FFINIS...........
....................211
72.4
DENSITY
DEPENDENCE
.............213
12.5
IDENTIFYING
WHICH
FACTORS
ARE DENSITY
DEPENDENT:
K-VALUE
ANA1YSIS.............215
12.6
INTERACTIONS
BETWEEN
SPECIES
.................. 217
12.7
FIELD
STUDIES:
THREE
CASE
STUDIES...................
..............219
12.7.1,
THE
DECLINE
OF THE
PARTRIDGES.............
..............219
12.7.2
POPLLATION
STUDIES OF
PESTICIDES
AND
BIRDS
OF
PREY
IN
THE UK..............225
12.7.3
THE
BOXWORTH
PROJECT
(EXPERIMENTAL
ANALYSIS
OF THE EFFECTS
OF
PESTICIDES
ON
FARMLAND).................
...................229
12.8
MODELING
THE
EFFECTS OF INSECTICIDES
ON
SKYLARKS
FOR
RISK ASSESSMENT
PURPOSES....
........233
12.9
SUMMATY...............
...................236
FURTHER
READING......
.........................236
L3.
EVOLUTION OF
RESISTANCE
TO
POLLUTION....
.....,......239
13.1
CHRONIC
POLLUTION
IS
ENVIRONMENTAL
CHANGE
..............239
1,3.2
EVOLUTIONARY
PROCESSES
IN
CONSTANT
ENVIRONMENTS...................
.....239
13.3
THE
EVOLUTION
OF
RESISTANCE
WHEN
THERE IS
A
MORTALITY-PRODUCTION
TRADE-OFF
242
13.4
EVOLUTIONARY
RESPONSES
TO
ENVIRONMENTAL
CHANGES
................. .
.......................243
13.5
MONOGENIC
RESISTANCE
..........247
1,3.6
CASE
STUDIES...................
........248
13.6.1,
EVOLUTION
OF
PESTICIDE
RESISTANCE..
...................248
13.6.2
EVOLUTION
OF
METAL
TOLERANCE
IN
PLANTS
...........251
1.5.
1,3.6.3
EVOLUTION
OF
INDUSTRIAL
MELANISM
...................253
13.6.4
EVOLUTIONARY
RESPONSE
OF DOG
WHELKS,
NUCELLA
LAPILLUS,
TO TBT
CONTAMINATION...............
................255
13.6.5
EVOLUTION
OF
RESISTANCE
TO
POLLUTION
IN
ESTUARIES
...............256
13.7
SUMMARY...
........258
FURTHER
READING......
....259
CHANGES
IN
COMMUNITIES
AND
ECOSYSTEMS
.........................261.
1.4.1.
INTRODUCTION
......261.
1,4.2
CHANGES
IN
SOIL
PROCESSES: THE
FUNCTIONAL
APPROACH..................
......................262
14.3
CHANGES
IN
COMPOSITIONS
OF
COMMUNITIES:
THE
STRUCTURAL
APPROACH...
.........265
14.3.1
CHANGES
IN
SOIL
ECOSYSTEMS
........266
14.3.2
ACIDIFICATION
OF LAKES AND
RIVERS..
..................268
14.3.3
MESOCOSMS........
........270
74.4
CLOBAL
PROCESSES....
................273
14.5
SUMMARY...
........274
FURTHER
READING......
....275
EXTRAPOLATING
FROM
MOLECULAR
INTERACTIONS
TO
CONSEQUENT
EFFECTS
AT
POPULATION
LEVE1...........
..................277
15.1
INTRODUCTION
......277
15.2
TRANSLATION
OF TOXIC EFFECTS
ACROSS
ORGANIZATIONAL
BOUNDARIES...............
..........278
15.2.1
FROM EFFECTS
AT SITE
OF
ACTION
TO
LOCALIZED CELLULAR
DISTURBANCES
......278
15.2.1,.1,
EXAMPLE
A: ACTION
OF ORGANOPHOSPHATES
ON
ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE
OF
NERVOUS
SYSTEM........
.....280
1.5.2.1,.2
EXAMPLE
B:
ACTION
OF
P,P -DDT
ON
VOLTAGE-DEPENDENT
SODIUM
CHANNELS OF
AXONAL
MEMBRANES
...........280
15.2.1.3
EXAMPLE
C:
ACTION
OF
P,P -DDE
ON
TRANSPORT
OF
CALCIUM
INTO
EGGSHELL
GLANDS
OF
BIRDS.......
....282
15.2.1,.4
EXAMPLE
D:
ACTION
OF
17A-ETHINYLESTRADIOL
(EE2)
ON
ESTROGENIC
RECEPTORS
OF
FISH.........
....282
15.2.2
FROM
CELLULAR
DISTURBANCES
TO
EFFECTS
AT
WHO1E
ORGANISM
LEVEL.......283
1,5.2.2.7
EXAMPLE
A: ACTIONS
OF ORGANOPHOSPHATES
ON
ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE
OF
NERVOUS
SYSTEM........
.....283
15.2.2.2 EXAMPLE
B:
ACTION
OF
P,P -DDT
ON
VOLTAGE-DEPENDENT
SODIUM
CHANNELS OF
AXONAL
MEMBRANES
...........284
15.2.2.3
EXAMPLE
C:
ACTION
OF
P,P
-DDE
ON
TRANSPORT
OF
CALCIUM
INTO
EGGSHELL
GLANDS
OF
BIRDS.......
....284
15.2.2.4
EXAMPLE
D:
ACTION
OF
17A-ETHINYLESTRADIOL
ON
ESTROGENIC
RECEPTORS
OF
FISH
...........284
15.2.3
FROM
EFFECTS
ON
WHOLE ORGANISM
TO
POPULATION
EFFECTS.......................285
15.2.3.1 EXAMPLE
A: ACTIONS
OF ORGANOPHOSPHATES
ON
ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE
OF
NERVOUS
SYSTEM........
.....285
15.2.3.2
EXAMPLE
B:
ACTION
OF
P,P -DDT
ON
VOLTAGE-DEPENDENT
SODIUM
CHANNELS
OF
AXONAL
MEMBRANES
...........286
1,5.2.3.3
EXAMPLE
C:
ACTION
OF
P,P -DDE
ON
TRANSPORT
OF
CALCIUM
INTO
EGGSHELL
GLANDS.....
.....................286
15.2.3.4 EXAMPLE
D:
ACTION
OF
17A-ETHINYLESTRADIOL
ON ESTROGENIC
RECEPTORS
IN
FISH
...........286
75.2.4
CORNPLETE
CAUSAL
CHAIN
. .............287
15.3
BIOMARKER
STRATEGIES....
.........287
15.3.1
ESTABLISHING CAUSALITY
WHERE
POLLUTION
ALREADY
EXISTS........................288
15.3.2
BIOMARKER
STRATEGIES
IN
THE
FIE1D............
.........289
15.3.3
CONTROL
PROBLEMS...................
.......290
15.3.4
SELECTION
OF
BIOMARKERS
FOR
FIELD
STUDIES........
....................291,
15.4
BIOMARKERS
AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
RISK
ASSESSMENT............
..............292
15.5
SUMMARY...
........292
FURTHER
READING......
.........................293
1.6.
BIOMARKERS
IN
POPULATION
STUDIES
........ ..........295
1,6.1
DDE-INDUCED
EGGSHELL
THINNING IN
RAPTORIAL
AND
FISH-EATING
BIRDS..............295
1,6.2
REPRODUCTIVE
FAILURE
OF
FISH-EATING BIRDS
ON
GREAT
LAKES
OF
NORTH
AMERICA.....
................300
76.3
REPRODUCTIVE
FAILURES OF
MOLLUSKS
CAUSED
BY
TRIBUTYL
TIN. ............................ 305
76.4
FOREST
SPRAYING
IN
EASTERN CANADA TO
CONTROL
SPRUCE
BUDWORM
.....................307
16.5
SUMMARY...
........311
FURTHER
READING......
....................... .
311
1,7.
ECOTOXICOLOGY:
LOOKING
TO
THE
FUTURE.........
....313
17.1
CHANGING
PATTERNS OF
CHEMICA1
POLLUTION.....
...... . .. .
313
17.2
ENVIRONMENTAL
RISK
ASSESSMENT
. . . .......316
77.3
THE
USE
OF
MODELS
IN POPULATION
RISK
ASSESSMENT
................... ...316
17.4
TECHNOLOGICAL
ADVANCES AND
NEW
BIOMARKER
ASSAYS
............. ....318
17.5
A
BETTER
INTEGRATED
APPROACH
TO
ENVIRONMENTAL
RISK
ASSESSMENT? ................320
17.6
ETHICAL
ISSUES
.........................321
17.7
SUMMARY...
. ......322
FURTHER
READING......
.... .......-..... ......322
GLOSSARY....
.....323
BIBLIOGRAPHY
................ ... ..329
INDEX..........
.....353
|
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| id | DE-604.BV041368862 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:55:08Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781439862667 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2012000511 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-026817049 |
| oclc_num | 793923232 |
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| physical | XXV, 360 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publishDateSearch | 2012 |
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| publisher | CRC Press |
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| spelling | Principles of ecotoxicology C. H. Walker ... Principles of ecotoxicology 4. ed. Boca Raton, FL [u.a.] CRC Press 2012 XXV, 360 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Umwelt Pollution Environmental aspects Nature Effect of human beings on Environmental toxicology SCIENCE / Environmental Science bisacsh TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Environmental / General bisacsh Umwelttoxikologie (DE-588)4121813-9 gnd rswk-swf Umwelttoxikologie (DE-588)4121813-9 s DE-604 Walker, Colin H. 1936- Sonstige (DE-588)139475737 oth SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026817049&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Principles of ecotoxicology Umwelt Pollution Environmental aspects Nature Effect of human beings on Environmental toxicology SCIENCE / Environmental Science bisacsh TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Environmental / General bisacsh Umwelttoxikologie (DE-588)4121813-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4121813-9 |
| title | Principles of ecotoxicology |
| title_alt | Principles of ecotoxicology |
| title_auth | Principles of ecotoxicology |
| title_exact_search | Principles of ecotoxicology |
| title_full | Principles of ecotoxicology C. H. Walker ... |
| title_fullStr | Principles of ecotoxicology C. H. Walker ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Principles of ecotoxicology C. H. Walker ... |
| title_short | Principles of ecotoxicology |
| title_sort | principles of ecotoxicology |
| topic | Umwelt Pollution Environmental aspects Nature Effect of human beings on Environmental toxicology SCIENCE / Environmental Science bisacsh TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Environmental / General bisacsh Umwelttoxikologie (DE-588)4121813-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Umwelt Pollution Environmental aspects Nature Effect of human beings on Environmental toxicology SCIENCE / Environmental Science TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Environmental / General Umwelttoxikologie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026817049&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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