Intelligent sensing, instrumentation and measurements:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Berlin [u.a.]
Springer
2013
|
| Series: | Smart sensors, measurement and instrumentation
5 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XII, 175 S. |
| ISBN: | 9783642370267 |
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MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Mukhopadhyay, Subhas Chandra |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Intelligent sensing, instrumentation and measurements |c Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin [u.a.] |b Springer |c 2013 | |
| 300 | |a XII, 175 S. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Smart sensors, measurement and instrumentation |v 5 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Ingenieurwissenschaften | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Electronics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Telecommunication | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Engineering | |
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| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-026815686 | ||
Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804151455617122304 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Sensors Fundamental.........................................................................................1
Introduction
........................................................................................................1
1.1 Sensor
Classification
..................................................................................1
1.2
Thermal
Sensors.........................................................................................3
1.2.1 Thermistors......................................................................................4
1.2.2
Thermocouple
..................................................................................5
1.2.3 Resistance
Temperature Detectors
(RTD)
.......................................6
1.3
Humidity Sensors
.......................................................................................8
1.3.1
Resistive Humidity Sensors (RHS)
.................................................8
1.3.2
Capacitive
Humidity Sensors (CHS)
...............................................8
1.3.3
Thermal Conductivity Humidity Sensors (TCHS)
..........................9
1.4
Capacitive
Sensors
....................................................................................10
1.5
Planar
Interdigital
Sensors
........................................................................11
1.6
Planar Electromagnetic Sensors
................................................................13
1.7
Light Sensing Technology
........................................................................16
1.7.1
Photometric Sensors
.......................................................................16
1.7.2
Light Dependent Resistors (LDR)
..................................................16
1.7.3
Pyranometers
..................................................................................17
1.8
Moisture Sensing Technology
...................................................................18
1.8.1
Frequency Domain
Reflecto
metry
(FDR) Soil Moisture Sensor....
18
1.8.2
Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) Soil Moisture Sensor
............19
1.8.3
Gypsum Blocks
..............................................................................19
1.8.4
Neutron Probes
...............................................................................20
1.9
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Sensing Technology
.............................................20
1.9.1
Solid State Electrochemical (SSE) CO2 Sensors
............................20
1.9.2
Non-dispersive Infrared (NDIR) CO2 Sensors
...............................21
1.10
Sensors Parameters
...................................................................................22
1.10.1
Range
............................................................................................22
1.10.2
Sensitivity
...............*......................................................................23
1.10.3
Accuracy
.......................................................................................23
1.10.4
Stability
........................................................................................23
1.10.5
Repeatability
.................................................................................23
1.10.6
Static and Dynamic Characteristics
..............................................24
1.10.7
Energy Harvesting
........................................................................24
1.10.8
Compensation Due
to
Change
of Temperature and Other
Environmental Parameters
...............................................24
1.11
Selection of Sensors
.................................................................................24
1.12
Suggested Further Reading
......................................................................25
2
Interfacing of Sensors and Signal Conditioning
............................................29
Introduction
.......................................................................................................29
2.1
Change of Bias and Level of Signals
........................................................29
2.2
Loading Effect on Sensor s Output
...........................................................30
2.3
Potential Divider
.......................................................................................31
2.4
Low-Pass RC Filter
...................................................................................33
2.5
High-Pass RC Filter
..................................................................................35
2.6
Practical Issues of Designing Passive Filters
............................................36
2.7
Op-Amp Based Instrumentation
................................................................37
2.7.1
Differential Amplifier
....................................................................38
2.7.2
Common Mode Rejection
..............................................................39
2.7.3
Single-Resistance Controlled Instrumentation Amplifier
..............40
2.8
Current-to-Voltage Converter
...................................................................41
2.9
Comparator
................................................................................................42
2.10
A Few Guidelines to Design Signal Conditioning Circuit
.......................45
2.11
Factors Affecting Performance of Sensors
...............................................46
2.11.1
Revisit of the Specification of Sensors
........................................46
2.11.1.1
Accuracy
......................................................................47
2.11.1.2
Overall Accuracy
.........................................................48
2.11.1.3
Standard Deviation
......................................................49
2.12
Effect of Temperature
..............................................................................50
2.13
Degradation of Sensors
............................................................................51
2.14
Suggested Further Reading
.......................................................................52
3
Wireless Sensors and Sensors Network
.............................................55
Introduction
.......................................................................................................55
3.1
Frequency of Wireless Communication
....................................................57
3.2
Development of Wireless Sensor Network Based Project
........................58
3.2.1
Wireless Sensor Based on Microcontroller and Communicating
Device
.............................................................................................58
3.2.2
Wireless Sensor Network Based on Microcontroller and Zigbee
Communicating Device
..................................................................63
3.3
Wireless Sensor Network Based on Only Zigbee
.....................................67
3.4
Suggested Further Reading
.......................................................................67
4
Power Supplies for Sensors
...........................................................71
Introduction
.......................................................................................................71
4.1
Power Sources
...........................................................................................72
4.1.1
Power from Mains Supply
..............................................................72
4.1.2
Battery
............................................................................................73
4.1.2.1
Selection of Batteries
........................................................73
4.1.2.2
Alkaline Batteries
............................................................74
4.1.2.3
Lithium Battery
...............................................................74
4.1.2.4
Lithium-Ion Battery
.........................................................75
4.1.2.5
Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) Battery
...........................75
4.1.2.6
Lead Acid Battery
...........................................................76
4.2
Energy Harvesting
.....................................................................................76
4.2.1
Solar Energy
................................................................77
4.3
Further Investigation into Solar and Lead Acid Batteries
.........................80
4.4
Wind Energy
.............................................................................................84
4.5
RF Energy Harvesting
...............................................................................84
4.6
Energy Harvesting from Vibration
............................................................86
4.7
Thermal Energy Harvesting
......................................................................86
4.8
Energy Management Techniques
..............................................................87
4.8.1
Routing Protocol
.............................................................................87
4.8.2
Introduction of Sleep Mode
............................................................87
4.8.3
MAC Protocol
................................................................................88
4.9
Calculation for Battery Selection
..............................................................88
4.10
Suggested Further Reading
.......................................................................89
5
Software Design for Data
Recepţionând
Analysis
...............................91
Introduction
.......................................................................................................91
5.1
Set-Up of the Wireless Sensor Network
....................................................92
5.2
Steps to Configure the ZigBee Radio Modules
.........................................94
5.2.1
ZigBee Explorer USB
.....................................................................94
5.2.2
Preparation of the Coordinator (Base Station Radio)
.....................94
5.2.3
Configuring the Remote ZigBee (Sensing Device
#1
Radio
Module)
..........................................................................................96
5.3
Brief Description of API Mode Data Transmission
..................................96
5.4
Testing the Communication between Coordinator and Remote XBee....
100
5.4.1
Example
1.....................................................................................100
5.5
Design and Development of Graphical User Interface for
Receiving Sensor Data Using C#
............................................................102
5.5.1
Creating a New Visual Studio C# Program
...........................102
5.6
Changing Component Names
..................................................................107
5.7
Add Program Statements to a Visual Studio C# Application
..................109
5.7.1
Coding Steps for Receiving Sensor Data through Serial
Port
.........................................................................110
5.8
The Complete Program(Forml.cs) with Explanation in the Form
of Comments is Given Below
.................................................................
Ill
References
.......................................................................................................118
6
Sensors Signal Processing Techniques
...........................................119
Introduction
.....................................................................................................119
6.1
A Brief Review of Signal Processing Techniques for Structural Health
Monitoring
..............................................................................................119
6.1.1
Normalization
..............................................................................121
6.1.2
Feature
Extraction
........................................................................122
6.1.3
Dimensionality Reduction
............................................................125
6.1.4
Collaborative Damage Event Detection (CBED) Method
............127
6.2
Signal Processing Techniques for Information Extraction from
Sensor Data
.............................................................................................127
6.2.1
Deriving Information from Sensor Data: Daily Activity
Recognition Models
......................................................................128
6.2.1.1
The Hidden Markov Model
(HMM)
........................128
6.2.1.2
The Conditional Random Field (CRF)
......................131
6.2.1.3
The Skip Chain Conditional Random Field (SCCRF)
... 133
6.2.1.4
Emerging Patterns (EP)
.......................................133
6.2.2
Finding Patterns in Sensor Data
...................................................135
6.2.3
Classifying Sensor Data
................................................................136
6.2.4
Detecting Trends
..........................................................................136
6.2.5
Characterizing Sensor Data
..........................................................137
6.2.6
Annotation Methods
.....................................................................137
References
.......................................................................................................138
7
Description of a Few Projects..
.....................................................141
Introduction
.....................................................................................................141
7.1
WSN Based Physiological Parameters Monitoring System
....................141
7.1.1
Measurement of Human Body Temperature
................................143
7.1.1.1
Temperature Sensor
........................................................144
7.1.1.2
The Heart-Rate Sensor
...................................................147
7.1.1.3
Impact Sensor
.................................................................150
7.1.1.4
Communication between Sensor Unit and
Micro-controller
.............................................................152
7.1.1.5
Software and Algorithms
................................................153
7.1.1.6
Temperature Sensor Algorithm
......................................153
7.1.1.7
Impact Sensor Algorithm
...............................................153
7.1.1.8
Heart Rate Sensor Algorithm
.........................................154
7.1.1.9
Receiver Algorithms
.......................................................154
7.2
Intelligent Sensing System for Emotion Recognition
.............................155
7.2.1
Aim of the Emotion Recognition System
.....................................155
7.2.2
Development of Intelligent Sensing System for Emotion
Recognition
..................................................................................156
7.2.3
Experimental Results and Analysis
..............................................160
7.2.4
Observations and Discussion
........................................................165
7.3
WSN Based Smart Power Monitoring System
........................................166
7.3.1
System Overview
..........................................................................166
7.3.1.1
Voltage Measurement
.....................................................166
7.3.1.2
Current Measurement
.....................................................167
7.3.1.3
Power Measurement
.......................................................168
7.3.1.4
Experimental Results
......................................................172
7.4
Suggested Further Reading
.....................................................................173
|
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| author_facet | Mukhopadhyay, Subhas Chandra |
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| id | DE-604.BV041367481 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:55:06Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783642370267 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XII, 175 S. |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publishDateSearch | 2013 |
| publishDateSort | 2013 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Smart sensors, measurement and instrumentation |
| series2 | Smart sensors, measurement and instrumentation |
| spelling | Mukhopadhyay, Subhas Chandra Verfasser aut Intelligent sensing, instrumentation and measurements Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay Berlin [u.a.] Springer 2013 XII, 175 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Smart sensors, measurement and instrumentation 5 Ingenieurwissenschaften Electronics Telecommunication Engineering Drahtloses Sensorsystem (DE-588)4789222-5 gnd rswk-swf Intelligenter Sensor (DE-588)4293453-9 gnd rswk-swf Drahtloses Sensorsystem (DE-588)4789222-5 s Intelligenter Sensor (DE-588)4293453-9 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-642-37027-4 Smart sensors, measurement and instrumentation 5 (DE-604)BV040904859 5 Digitalisierung UB Passau - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026815686&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Mukhopadhyay, Subhas Chandra Intelligent sensing, instrumentation and measurements Smart sensors, measurement and instrumentation Ingenieurwissenschaften Electronics Telecommunication Engineering Drahtloses Sensorsystem (DE-588)4789222-5 gnd Intelligenter Sensor (DE-588)4293453-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4789222-5 (DE-588)4293453-9 |
| title | Intelligent sensing, instrumentation and measurements |
| title_auth | Intelligent sensing, instrumentation and measurements |
| title_exact_search | Intelligent sensing, instrumentation and measurements |
| title_full | Intelligent sensing, instrumentation and measurements Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay |
| title_fullStr | Intelligent sensing, instrumentation and measurements Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay |
| title_full_unstemmed | Intelligent sensing, instrumentation and measurements Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay |
| title_short | Intelligent sensing, instrumentation and measurements |
| title_sort | intelligent sensing instrumentation and measurements |
| topic | Ingenieurwissenschaften Electronics Telecommunication Engineering Drahtloses Sensorsystem (DE-588)4789222-5 gnd Intelligenter Sensor (DE-588)4293453-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Ingenieurwissenschaften Electronics Telecommunication Engineering Drahtloses Sensorsystem Intelligenter Sensor |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026815686&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV040904859 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mukhopadhyaysubhaschandra intelligentsensinginstrumentationandmeasurements |