PEM fuel cells: thermal and water management fundamentals
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York, N.Y.
Momentum Press
2013
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | xxx, 386 p. |
| ISBN: | 9781606502471 9781606502457 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 131002s2013 |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 020 | |a 9781606502471 |c ebook |9 978-1-60650-247-1 | ||
| 020 | |a 9781606502457 |9 978-1-60650-245-7 | ||
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| 100 | 1 | |a Wang, Yun |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a PEM fuel cells |b thermal and water management fundamentals |c Yun Wang, Ken S. Chen, and Sung Chan Cho |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a New York, N.Y. |b Momentum Press |c 2013 | |
| 300 | |a xxx, 386 p. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a PEM fuel cells | |
| 650 | 4 | |a energy | |
| 650 | 4 | |a fundamental | |
| 650 | 4 | |a water management | |
| 650 | 4 | |a thermal management | |
| 650 | 4 | |a two-phase flow | |
| 650 | 4 | |a polymer electrolyte membrane | |
| 650 | 4 | |a ice formation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a subfreezing operation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a heat transfer | |
| 650 | 4 | |a phase change | |
| 650 | 4 | |a voltage loss | |
| 650 | 4 | |a liquid water removal | |
| 650 | 4 | |a coupled thermal and water management | |
| 650 | 4 | |a numerical simulation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a CFD | |
| 650 | 4 | |a multiphase mixture (M2) formulation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a analysis | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Proton exchange membrane fuel cells | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Thermoregulation |0 (DE-588)4117204-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Brennstoffzelle |0 (DE-588)4008195-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 689 | 2 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Chen, Ken S. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Cho, Sung Chan |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026749401&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026749401&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Klappentext |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-026749401 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804151369583558656 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface
xi
List of Figures
xiii
List of Tables
xxiii
Nomenclature
xxv
1 Introduction
1
1.1
Energy Challenges I
1.2
Fuel Cells and their Roles in Addressing the Energy Challenges
3
1.3
РЕМ
Fuel Cells
5
1.3.1
РЕМ
Fuel Cell Operation
5
1.3.2
Current Status of
РЕМ
Fuel Cells
7
1.3.3
Thermal and Water Management
8
2
Basics of
РЕМ
Fuel Cells
H
2.1
Thermodynamics
11
2.1.1
Internal Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics
11
2.1.2
Enthalpy Change
13
2.1.3
Entropy Change and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
14
2.1.4
Gibbs Free Energy and Thermodynamic Voltage
17
2.1.5
Chemical Potential and Nernst Equation
19
2.1.6
Relative Humidity and Phase Change
20
2.2
Electrochemical Reaction Kinetics
23
2.2.1
Electrochemical Kinetics
24
2.2.2
Electrochemical Mechanisms in
РЕМ
Fuel Cells
26
2.2.3
Linear Approximation and
Tafel
Equation
29
2.3
Voltage Loss Mechanisms and a Simplified Model
30
2.3.1
Open Circuit Voltage (OCV)
30
2.3.2
Activation Loss
30
vi
· CONTENTS
2.3.3
Ohmie
Loss
31
2.3.4
Transport
Voltage Loss
32
2.3.5
Current-Voltage (I-V) Curve and Operation Efficiency
32
2.3.6
Role of Water and Thermal Management
33
2.4
Chapter Summary
34
3
Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer
37
3.1
Introduction
37
3.2
Conservation Equations
38
3.2.1
General Forms
38
3.2.2
Mass and Momentum Conservation
40
3.2.3
Energy Equation
41
3.2.4
Species Transport Equation
42
3.3
Constitutive Equations
43
3.3.1
A Lattice Model
43
3.3.2
Fourier s Law and Fick s Law
46
3.4
Scaling and Dimensionless Groups
46
3.4.1
Scaling and Dimensionless Equations
46
3.4.2
Dimensionless Groups
51
3.5
Chapter Summary
51
4
Water and Its Transport in the Polymer Electrolyte Membrane
53
4.1
Introduction to the Polymer Electrolyte Membrane
53
4.2
Ion Transport and Ionic Conductivity
55
4.2.1
Proton Transport
55
4.2.2
Ionic Conductivity Correlations
55
4.2.3
Ionic Conductivity Measurement
53
4.3
Water Transport in Polymer Electrolyte Membranes
67
4.3.1
Transport Mechanisms
58
4.3.2
Water Holding Capacity 7l
4.4
Water Quantification Using Neutron Radiography
73
4.5
Ion Transport in Cathode Catalyst Layers
75
4.5.1
Variation in Water Content in Catalyst Layers
75
4.5.2
Proton Transport in Cathode Catalyst Layers
77
4.5.3
Multiple-Layered Cathode Catalyst Layers
80
4.6
Chapter Summary
8?
CONTENTS ·
vii
5
Vapor-Phase Water Removal and Management
87
5.1
Mass Transport Overview
87
5.2
Diffusion
88
5.2.1
Diffusivity
88
5.2.2
Molecular Versus Knudsen Diffusion
90
5.2.3
Diffusion in GDLs
91
5.3
Species Convection
94
5.3.1
Flow Modeling with Constant-Flow Assumption
94
5.3.2
Flow Formulation Without the Constant-Flow Assumption
94
5.3.3
Convection in GDLs
101
5.4
Pore-Scale Transport
102
5.4.1
Stochastic Material Reconstruction
103
5.4.2
Pore-Scale Transport Modeling
105
5.4.3
Pore-Level Phenomena
108
5.5
Transient Phenomena
114
5.5.1
Transient Terms and Time Constants
114
5.5.2
Transient Undergoing Constant Voltage or Step Change
in Voltage
115
5.5.3
Transient Undergoing Constant Current or Step
Change in Current
119
5.6
Water Management Between a PEM Fuel Cell and Fuel Processor
122
5.6.1
Water Balance Model
123
5.6.2
Effect oftheSteam-to-Carbon Ratio
126
5.7
Chapter Summary
128
6
Liquid Water Dynamics and Removal
131
6.1
Multiphase Flow Overview
131
6.1.1
Modeling Multi-Phase Flows
132
6.2
Multiphase Flow in GDLS/CLS
133
6.2.1
Experimental Visualization
134
6.2.1.1
X-ray Imaging
135
6.2.1.2
Neutron Radiography
135
6.2.2 MultiPhase
Mixture (M2) Formulation
136
6.2.2.1
Flow Equations
137
6.2.2.2
Species Transport
138
6.2.2.3
Model Prediction
141
6.2.3
Carbon Paper (CP) Versus Carbon Cloth (CC)
144
viii
· CONTENTS
6.2.4
Spatially Varying Properties
148
6.2.4.1
Through-Plane Variation in The GDL Property
148
6.2.4.2
In-Plane Property Variation and the Effect of Land Compression
153
6.2.4.3
Microporous Layers (MPLs)
154
6.3
Multiphase Flow in Gas Flow Channels (GFCS)
159
6.3.1
Experimental Visualization
160
6.3.2
Two-Phase Flow Patterns
160
6.3.3
Modeling Two-Phase Flow
164
6.3.3.1
The Mixture Model
167
6.3.3.2
Two-Fluid Modeling
178
6.4
Water Droplet Dynamics at the GDL/GFC Interface
187
6.4.1
Force Balance on a Spherical-Shape Droplet
188
6.4.2
Droplet Deformation
193
6.4.3
Droplet Detachment
196
6.4.3.1
Control Volume Method
196
6.4.3.2
Derivation Using the Drag Coefficient (CD)
202
6.5
Chapter Summary
205
7
ICE Dynamics and Removal
209
7.1
Subfreezing Operation-Overview
209
7.2
Ice Formation
21
1
7.2.1
Water Transport and Conservation
211
7.2.2
Three Cold-Start Stages
214
7.2.2.1
First Stage: Membrane
Hydration 214
7.2.2.2
Second Stage: Ice Formation
215
7.2.2.3
Third Stage: Ice Melting
216
7.3
Voltage Loss Due to Ice Formation
220
7.3.1
Spatial Variation of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
(ORR)
220
7.3.2
The
ORR
Rate Under Subfreezing Temperature
222
7.3.3
Oxygen Profile in the Catalyst Layer
223
7.3.4
Voltage Loss Due to Ice Formation
227
7.3.5
A Model of Cold-Start Cell Voltage
228
7.4
State of Subfreezing Water
231
7.5
Chapter Summary
233
8
Thermal Transport and Management
237
8.1
Heat Transfer Overview
237
8.1.1
Heat Transfer and Its Importance
237
CONTENTS · ix
8.1.2
Heat
Transfer
Modes
240
8.1.2.1
Heat Conduction
240
8.1.2.2
Convective Heat Transfer
241
8.1.2.3
Heat Radiation
243
8.1.3
Heat Transfer in Porous Media
245
8.2
Heating Mechanisms
246
8.2.1
The
Entropie
Heat
247
8.2.2
Irreversibility of the Electrochemical Reactions
248
8.2.3
The Joules Heat
248
8.3
Steady-State Heat Transfer
269
8.3.
1 One-Dimensional
( 1
D) Heat Transfer Analysis
250
8.3.2 Two-Dimensional (2D)
Heat Transfer Analysis
251
8.3.3
Numerical Analysis
252
8.3.3.1
Macroscopic Model Prediction
252
8.3.3.2
Pore-Level Heat Transfer
255
8.4
Transient Phenomena
257
8.4.1
General Transient Operation
257
8.4.2
Transient Subfreezing Operation
260
8.4.2.1
Temperature Evolution and Voltage Loss
260
8.4.2.2
Activation Voltage Loss
262
8.4.2.3
Ohmic Voltage Loss
263
8.5
Experimental Measurement of Thermal Conductivity
265
8.6
Cooling Methods
268
8.6.1
Heat Spreaders Cooling
269
8.6.2
Cooling by Air or Liquid Flow
272
8.6.3
Phase-Change-Based Cooling
273
8.7
Example: A Thermal System of Automotive Fuel Cells
275
8.7.1
A Lumped-System Model of a PEM Fuel Cell
276
8.7.2
Bypass Valve
277
8.7.3
Radiator
278
8.7.4
Transport Delay
279
8.7.5
Fluid Mixer
280
8.7.6
Cathode
Intercooler 280
8.7.7
Anode Heat Exchanger
281
8.8
Chapter Summary
282
CONTENTS
9
Coupled Thermal-Water Management: Phase Change
285
9.1
Introduction to Phase Change
285
9.2
Vapor-Liquid Phase Change: Evaporation and Condensation
287
9.2.1
Vapor-Phase Water Diffusion and Heat Pipe Effect
288
9.2.2
GDL
De-
Wetting
290
9.2.3
GDL
De-
Wetting and Voltage Loss
295
9.2.4
A General Definition of the Damkohler Number, Da
300
9.2.4.1
Local Heating and Vapor-Phase Removal
301
9.2.4.2
A Specific Damkohler Number
303
9.2.4.3
Liquid-Free Passages
305
9.2.4.4
2D Numerical Simulation
306
9.3
Freezing/Thawing
312
9.3.1
Temperature Spatial and Temporal Variation
312
9.3.2
Non-Isothermal Cold Start
313
9.3.3
Freezing/Thawing and Degradation
314
9.4
System-Level Analysis of Coupled Thermal and Water Management
319
9.4.1
Flow Rates of Species and Two-Phase Flows
320
9.4.2
Energy Balance
323
9.5
Chapter Summary
325
Appendix
ila:
Thermodynamic Properties of Air, Hydrogen Gas, and Water Vapor
329
Appendix ii.b: Calculation of the Enthalpy, Entropy, and Gibbs Free Energy
for a Substance and the Overall
РЕМ
Fuel Cell Reaction
333
Appendix iila: Mass, Momentum, and Energy Conservation Equations in
the Cartesian, Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates
337
Appendix hub: Mathematical Basics and Relations
343
Appendix iii.c: Henry s Constant for Selected Gases in Water
at Moderate Pressure
347
Appendix iv.a: Membrane Materials
349
Appendix iv.b: Ion Transport in Electrolytes
353
Appendix v.a: Transport Properties of Typical Gases at Atmospheric Pressure
359
Appendix
vla:
Governing Equations of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer
in Porous Media
363
Appendix vi.b: Multiphase Mixture Model in Porous Media
367
Appendix vhi.a: Thermal Properties of Selected Materials
373
Index
381
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РЕМ
Fuel Cells: Thermal and Water Management Fundamentals
by Yun Wang, Ken S. Chen, and Sung Chan Cho
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane
(РЕМ)
fuel cells convert chemical energy in hydro¬
gen into electrical energy with water as the only by-product. Thus,
РЕМ
fuel cells
hold great promise to reduce both pollutant emissions and dependency on fossil
fuels, especially for transportation
—
passenger cars, utility vehicles, and buses
—
and small-scale stationary and portable power generators. But one of the
greatest challenges to realizing the high efficiency and zero emissions potential
of
РЕМ
fuel cells technology is heat and water management.
This book provides an introduction to the essential concepts for effective ther¬
mal and water management in
РЕМ
fuel cells and an assessment on the current
status of fundamental research in this field. The book offers you:
•
An overview of current energy and environmental challenges and their
imperatives for the development of renewable energy resources, including
discussion of the ro!e of
РЕМ
fuel cells in addressing these issues;
•
Reviews of basic principles pertaining to
РЕМ
fuel cells, including
thermodynamics, electrochemical reaction kinetics, flow, heat and mass
transfer; and
•
Descriptions and discussions of water transport and management within
a PEM fuel celt, including vapor- and liquid-phase water removal from the
electrodes, the effects of two-phase flow, and solid water or ice dynamics
and removal, particularly the specialized case of starting a PEM fuel cell at
sub-freezing temperatures (cold start) and the various processes related to
ice formation.
ÎOUT
THE AUTHORS
η
Wang obtained his BS from Peking (Beijing) University in China in
1998,
and
PhD in Mechanical Engineering from Pennsylvania State University
(PSU)
in
Ж
At
PSU.
he worked with Prof. Chao-Yang Wang on PEM fuel cells at the Elec-
:hemical Engine Center. He joined the Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
jlty at the University of California, Irvine in
2006.
He is currently the director of
Renewable Energy Resources Lab and Associate Professor at the UC Irvine.
i S.
Chen earned his PhD from the University of Minnesota in Chemical Engi-
_ring. He joined
Sandia
National Labs in
1993.
where he is currently a principal
member of the technical staff. Dr. Chen has
ied
several collaborative research
efforts involving academic, industry, and national labs, which have focused on
critical phenomena controlling PEM fuel ceil performance. Dr. Chen is an author
co-author of more than
110
archival publications, of which about half are on
M
fuel cells and related topics.
ng Chan Cho is a PhD candidate at the University of California. Irvine. He
eived an M.S. degree in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Korean
OSpace University and was a Lead Analysis Engineer at GM Korea.
ISBN:
T7ñ-l-bQbS0-a4S-7
90000
MOMENTUM PRESS
9 781606 50245
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Wang, Yun Chen, Ken S. Cho, Sung Chan |
| author_facet | Wang, Yun Chen, Ken S. Cho, Sung Chan |
| author_role | aut aut aut |
| author_sort | Wang, Yun |
| author_variant | y w yw k s c ks ksc s c c sc scc |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV041300622 |
| classification_rvk | VN 6050 ZN 8750 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)811603223 (DE-599)BVBBV041300622 |
| dewey-full | 621.312429 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 621 - Applied physics |
| dewey-raw | 621.312429 |
| dewey-search | 621.312429 |
| dewey-sort | 3621.312429 |
| dewey-tens | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Elektrotechnik / Elektronik / Nachrichtentechnik |
| edition | 1. publ. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV041300622 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:53:44Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781606502471 9781606502457 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-026749401 |
| oclc_num | 811603223 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 |
| physical | xxx, 386 p. |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publishDateSearch | 2013 |
| publishDateSort | 2013 |
| publisher | Momentum Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Wang, Yun Verfasser aut PEM fuel cells thermal and water management fundamentals Yun Wang, Ken S. Chen, and Sung Chan Cho Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells 1. publ. New York, N.Y. Momentum Press 2013 xxx, 386 p. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index PEM fuel cells energy fundamental water management thermal management two-phase flow polymer electrolyte membrane ice formation subfreezing operation heat transfer phase change voltage loss liquid water removal coupled thermal and water management numerical simulation CFD multiphase mixture (M2) formulation analysis Proton exchange membrane fuel cells Thermoregulation (DE-588)4117204-8 gnd rswk-swf Brennstoffzelle (DE-588)4008195-3 gnd rswk-swf Elektrochemische Energieumwandlung (DE-588)4151758-1 gnd rswk-swf Wasserkühlung (DE-588)4189219-7 gnd rswk-swf Abfluss (DE-588)4000114-3 gnd rswk-swf Elektrochemische Energiequelle (DE-588)4151755-6 gnd rswk-swf Energiequelle (DE-588)4014720-4 gnd rswk-swf Protonentransfer (DE-588)4176024-4 gnd rswk-swf Energiequelle (DE-588)4014720-4 s Elektrochemische Energiequelle (DE-588)4151755-6 s Brennstoffzelle (DE-588)4008195-3 s DE-604 Elektrochemische Energieumwandlung (DE-588)4151758-1 s Thermoregulation (DE-588)4117204-8 s Wasserkühlung (DE-588)4189219-7 s Abfluss (DE-588)4000114-3 s Protonentransfer (DE-588)4176024-4 s Chen, Ken S. Verfasser aut Cho, Sung Chan Verfasser aut Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026749401&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026749401&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Wang, Yun Chen, Ken S. Cho, Sung Chan PEM fuel cells thermal and water management fundamentals PEM fuel cells energy fundamental water management thermal management two-phase flow polymer electrolyte membrane ice formation subfreezing operation heat transfer phase change voltage loss liquid water removal coupled thermal and water management numerical simulation CFD multiphase mixture (M2) formulation analysis Proton exchange membrane fuel cells Thermoregulation (DE-588)4117204-8 gnd Brennstoffzelle (DE-588)4008195-3 gnd Elektrochemische Energieumwandlung (DE-588)4151758-1 gnd Wasserkühlung (DE-588)4189219-7 gnd Abfluss (DE-588)4000114-3 gnd Elektrochemische Energiequelle (DE-588)4151755-6 gnd Energiequelle (DE-588)4014720-4 gnd Protonentransfer (DE-588)4176024-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4117204-8 (DE-588)4008195-3 (DE-588)4151758-1 (DE-588)4189219-7 (DE-588)4000114-3 (DE-588)4151755-6 (DE-588)4014720-4 (DE-588)4176024-4 |
| title | PEM fuel cells thermal and water management fundamentals |
| title_alt | Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells |
| title_auth | PEM fuel cells thermal and water management fundamentals |
| title_exact_search | PEM fuel cells thermal and water management fundamentals |
| title_full | PEM fuel cells thermal and water management fundamentals Yun Wang, Ken S. Chen, and Sung Chan Cho |
| title_fullStr | PEM fuel cells thermal and water management fundamentals Yun Wang, Ken S. Chen, and Sung Chan Cho |
| title_full_unstemmed | PEM fuel cells thermal and water management fundamentals Yun Wang, Ken S. Chen, and Sung Chan Cho |
| title_short | PEM fuel cells |
| title_sort | pem fuel cells thermal and water management fundamentals |
| title_sub | thermal and water management fundamentals |
| topic | PEM fuel cells energy fundamental water management thermal management two-phase flow polymer electrolyte membrane ice formation subfreezing operation heat transfer phase change voltage loss liquid water removal coupled thermal and water management numerical simulation CFD multiphase mixture (M2) formulation analysis Proton exchange membrane fuel cells Thermoregulation (DE-588)4117204-8 gnd Brennstoffzelle (DE-588)4008195-3 gnd Elektrochemische Energieumwandlung (DE-588)4151758-1 gnd Wasserkühlung (DE-588)4189219-7 gnd Abfluss (DE-588)4000114-3 gnd Elektrochemische Energiequelle (DE-588)4151755-6 gnd Energiequelle (DE-588)4014720-4 gnd Protonentransfer (DE-588)4176024-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | PEM fuel cells energy fundamental water management thermal management two-phase flow polymer electrolyte membrane ice formation subfreezing operation heat transfer phase change voltage loss liquid water removal coupled thermal and water management numerical simulation CFD multiphase mixture (M2) formulation analysis Proton exchange membrane fuel cells Thermoregulation Brennstoffzelle Elektrochemische Energieumwandlung Wasserkühlung Abfluss Elektrochemische Energiequelle Energiequelle Protonentransfer |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026749401&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026749401&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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