Microlenses: properties, fabrication, and liquid lenses
"Microlenses and microlens arrays are a vital part of modern optical systems with applications in MEMS and sensor systems. This book explores the physics and optical properties of a range of microlenses, along with their fabrication, tuning, and applications in various fields. Although focusing...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Boca Raton
CRC Press/Taylor & Francis
2013
|
| Series: | Series in optics and optoelectronics
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Summary: | "Microlenses and microlens arrays are a vital part of modern optical systems with applications in MEMS and sensor systems. This book explores the physics and optical properties of a range of microlenses, along with their fabrication, tuning, and applications in various fields. Although focusing on liquid lenses, the text covers all lens systems. The authors discuss such topics as microfabrication and nanofabrication, liquid interfaces, surface tension, variable focus, and lab on chips. They also provide a discussion of the challenges posed by current microlenses"-- |
| Item Description: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Physical Description: | XIV, 214 pages illustrations 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9781439836699 |
Staff View
MARC
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| 264 | 1 | |a Boca Raton |b CRC Press/Taylor & Francis |c 2013 | |
| 300 | |a XIV, 214 pages |b illustrations |c 24 cm | ||
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| 490 | 0 | |a Series in optics and optoelectronics | |
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 520 | 1 | |a "Microlenses and microlens arrays are a vital part of modern optical systems with applications in MEMS and sensor systems. This book explores the physics and optical properties of a range of microlenses, along with their fabrication, tuning, and applications in various fields. Although focusing on liquid lenses, the text covers all lens systems. The authors discuss such topics as microfabrication and nanofabrication, liquid interfaces, surface tension, variable focus, and lab on chips. They also provide a discussion of the challenges posed by current microlenses"-- | |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804151360651788288 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
About the Authors
.................................................................................................xi
Preface
...................................................................................................................xiii
1
Introduction to Liquid Microlenses
............................................................1
1.1
History of Microlenses
.........................................................................1
1.2
Categories of Microlenses
....................................................................2
1.3
Physics of Microlenses
..........................................................................3
1.4
Microlens Arrays
...................................................................................3
1.5
Ubiquitous Problems in Optics
...........................................................3
1.6
Applications of Liquid Microlenses
...................................................4
1.6.1
Artificial Implementation of Compound Eyes
....................4
1.6.2
Endoscopie
Fiber
Endoscopes
for Confocal
Reflectance and Real-Time Optical Coherence
Tomography
(OCT)
..................................................................4
1.6.3
Photolithography
.....................................................................5
1.6.4
Optical Communications
........................................................5
1.6.5
Orthoscopic Imaging Systems
...............................................6
1.6.6
Lab-on-Chip Devices
...............................................................6
1.6.7
Other Applications
..................................................................7
References
.........................................................................................................7
2
Basic Physics of Liquid Microlenses
........................................................11
2.1
Light
......................................................................................................
И
2.1.1
Light Ray Tracing
...................................................................11
2.1.2
Refractive Index
.....................................................................12
2.1.3
Complex Refractive Index and Absorption
.......................14
2.2
Optical Lenses
.....................................................................................14
2.2.1
Focal Length
...........................................................................14
2.2.2
Image Formation
....................................................................15
22.3
Thin Lenses
.............................................................................16
22.4
Aberrations
.............................................................................17
2.2.4.1
Spherical Aberration
..............................................17
2.2.4.2
Coma Image
............................................................18
2.2.43
Astigmatism
............................................................20
2.2.4.4
Distortion
.................................................................21
2.2.4.5
Chromatic Aberration
............................................21
2.2.4.6
Measurement of Aberrations
................................22
2.2.5
Depth of Focus and Resolution
............................................24
2.2.6
Calculating Optical Parameters
...........................................26
Introduction to Zemax
...........................................26
vii
viii Contents
2.2.6.2
Spherical Aberrations of
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Microlenses
.......26
2.2.6.3
Liquid Microlens Formed by Water-Oil
Interfacial
Meniscus
...............................................27
2.2.6.4
Measurements of Spherical Aberration
..............28
2.3
Surface Tension
....................................................................................30
2.3.1
Contact Angles
.......................................................................33
2.3.2
Contact Angle Hysteresis
.....................................................36
2.3.3
Effect of Gravity
.....................................................................38
References
.......................................................................................................40
Fabrication Methods
....................................................................................43
3.1
Introduction to Microfabrication Methods
.....................................43
3.2
Facilities and Equipment
...................................................................44
3.3
Substrate Materials
.............................................................................44
3.4
Materials
...............................................................................................46
3.5
Basic Fabrication Steps
.......................................................................47
3.5.1
Thin Film Deposition
............................................................47
3.5.2
Photolithography
...................................................................48
3.5.3
Etching
.....................................................................................50
3.6
Other Microfabrication Techniques
..................................................54
3.6.1
Lift-Off
.....................................................................................54
3.6.2
Annealing
..............................;................................................55
3.6.3
Liquid Phase Photopolymerization
.....................................56
3.6.4
Micromolding
.........................................................................57
3.6.5
Soft Lithography
....................................................................57
3.6.6
Electroplating
.........................................................................57
3.6.7
Sacrificial Process
...................................................................58
ЗЉ.&
Bonding
...................................................................................59
3.6.9
Surface Modification
..............................................................60
3.6.10
Laser-Assisted Processes
......................................................61
3.6.11
Planarization
..........................................................................61
3.6.12
Fabrication on Flexible Substrates and Curved Surfaces
... 61
3.7
Examples of Microfabrication Processes
.........................................62
3.7.1
Example
1................................................................................62
3.7.2
Example
2................................................................................65
3.7.3
Example
3................................................................................67
References
.......................................................................................................69
Solid Microlenses
.........................................................................................71
4.1
Introduction
.........................................................................................71
4.2
Germanium and Silicon Oxide Nanolenses
....................................72
4.3
Quartz Glass Microlenses Etched by Reactive Ion Etching
..........73
4.4
Self-Assembled Supermolecular Nanoscale Spherical
Microlenses
..........................................................................................76
Contents
їх
4.5 Microlens
Arrays Fabricated from Self-Assembled
Organic Polymers
................................................................................78
4.6
Self Assembly of Microlens Arrays Using Global
Dielectrophoretic Energy Wells
........................................................80
4.7
Microlens Arrays Fabricated from All-Liquid Techniques
...........85
4.8
Microlenses Produced by Direct Photo-Induced Cross
Linking Polymerization
.....................................................................88
4.9
Microlenses Formed by Thermally Reflowing Photoresists
.........90
4.10
Microlens Arrays Fabricated with Polymer Jet Printing
Technology
...........................................................................................94
4.11
Microlens Arrays Fabricated through Molding
..............................97
4.12
Microlens Arrays Fabricated by Hot Intrusion
.............................100
References
.....................................................................................................104
5
Electrically Driven Tunable Microlenses
..............................................107
5.1
Introduction
.......................................................................................107
5.2
Liquid Crystal Microlenses
.............................................................107
5.2.1
Initial Designs
......................................................................107
5.2.2
Improved Electrode Structures and Designs
..................110
5.2.3
Liquid Crystal Microlens Arrays Using
Dielectrophoretic
(DEP)
Effect
...........................................113
5.2.4
Liquid Crystal Microlens Arrays Using Patterned
Polymer Networks
...............................................................114
5.2.5
Fresnel Lens Using Nanoscale Liquid Crystals
...............116
5.3
Liquid Microlenses Encapsulated with Polymer Thin Film
Driven by Electrostatic Forces
.........................................................119
5.4
Tunable Focus Liquid Microlenses Using Dielectrophoretic
Effect
...................................................................................................122
5.5
Tunable Focus Liquid Microlenses Using Electrowetting
..........127
5.5Л
Electrowetting
......................................................................127
5.5.2
First Liquid Lens Utilizing Electrowetting
......................129
5.5.3
Tunable Liquid Microlens Utilizing Electrowetting
.......130
5.5.4
Electrowetting-Based Microlens on a Flexible
Curvilinear Surface
.............................................................138
5.6
Electrochemically Activated Adaptive Liquid Microlenses
.......139
References
.....................................................................................................142
6
Mechanically Driven Tunable Microlenses
..........................................145
6.1
Introduction
.......................................................................................145
6.2
Thin Glass Membranes
....................................................................145
6.3
Polymer Membranes
.........................................................................146
6.3.1
Single Lenses
........................................................................146
6.3.2
Microlenses in Groups
........................................................154
6.3.3
Variable Focus Liquid Lens by Changing
Aperture Size
........................................................................
Contents
6.3.4 Liquid
Lens Based on Pressure-Induced Liquid
Redistribution
.......................................................................158
6.3.5
Snapping Surfaces for Tunable Microlenses
....................159
6.4
Colloidal Hydrogel Dynamically Tunable Microlenses
..............163
6.5
Liquid Microlenses Tuned by Environmental Stimuli-
Responsive
Hydrogels
......................................................................164
6.5.1
Microlenses Actuated by
Hydrogels
.................................164
6.5.2
Microlenses Actuated through Nanoparticle-
Incorporated
Hydrogels
......................................................167
6.5.3
Microlens Array Actuated through
Thermoresponsive
Hydrogels
............................................170
6.5.4
Endoscopes
Utilizing Tunable Microlenses
.....................171
6.5.5
Microlens Arrays on Flexible and Curved Surfaces
.......174
6.6
Oscillating Microlens Arrays Driven by Sound Waves
...............175
References
.....................................................................................................177
7
Horizontal Microlenses Integrated in Microfluidics
..........................181
7.1
Introduction
.......................................................................................181
7.2
Two-Dimensional (2D) Microlenses
...............................................182
7.3
Optofluidic Microlenses
...................................................................184
7.3.1
Tunable and Movable Liquid Microlenses
.......................184
7.3.2
Hydrodynamically Tunable Optofluidic Microlenses....
187
7.3.3
Liquid Core and Liquid Cladding Microlenses
..............190
7.3.4
Optofluidic Microlens Based on Combined Effects of
Hydrodynamics and Electro-Osmosis
.............................193
7.3.5
Hydrodynamically Adjustable Three-Dimensional
Optofluidic Microlenses
......................................................194
7.3.6
Air—Liquid
Interfacial
Microlens Controlled by
Active Pressure
.....................................................................197
7.4
Tunable Liquid Gradient Refractive Index Lens
...........................198
References
.....................................................................................................201
8
Looking into the Future
............................................................................203
8.1
Commercialization of Microlenses
.................................................203
8.2
Future Work
.......................................................................................203
8.2.1
Packaging
..............................................................................203
8.2.2
Effects of Inertia
...................................................................204
8.2.3
Evaporation of Liquids
........................................................206
8.2.4
Aberrations
...........................................................................206
8.2.5
Integration into Systems
.....................................................206
References
.....................................................................................................207
Index
.....................................................................................................................209
|
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| id | DE-604.BV041294619 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:53:35Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781439836699 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2012050906 |
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| oclc_num | 475450552 |
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| owner_facet | DE-703 |
| physical | XIV, 214 pages illustrations 24 cm |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publishDateSearch | 2013 |
| publishDateSort | 2013 |
| publisher | CRC Press/Taylor & Francis |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Series in optics and optoelectronics |
| spelling | Jiang, Hongrui Verfasser (DE-588)1046431250 aut Microlenses properties, fabrication, and liquid lenses Hongrui Jiang ; Xuefeng Zeng Boca Raton CRC Press/Taylor & Francis 2013 XIV, 214 pages illustrations 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Series in optics and optoelectronics Includes bibliographical references and index "Microlenses and microlens arrays are a vital part of modern optical systems with applications in MEMS and sensor systems. This book explores the physics and optical properties of a range of microlenses, along with their fabrication, tuning, and applications in various fields. Although focusing on liquid lenses, the text covers all lens systems. The authors discuss such topics as microfabrication and nanofabrication, liquid interfaces, surface tension, variable focus, and lab on chips. They also provide a discussion of the challenges posed by current microlenses"-- Mikrofluidik (DE-588)4803438-1 gnd rswk-swf Linse (DE-588)4167776-6 gnd rswk-swf Linse (DE-588)4167776-6 s Mikrofluidik (DE-588)4803438-1 s DE-604 Zeng, Xuefeng Verfasser (DE-588)1046431412 aut Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026743535&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Jiang, Hongrui Zeng, Xuefeng Microlenses properties, fabrication, and liquid lenses Mikrofluidik (DE-588)4803438-1 gnd Linse (DE-588)4167776-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4803438-1 (DE-588)4167776-6 |
| title | Microlenses properties, fabrication, and liquid lenses |
| title_auth | Microlenses properties, fabrication, and liquid lenses |
| title_exact_search | Microlenses properties, fabrication, and liquid lenses |
| title_full | Microlenses properties, fabrication, and liquid lenses Hongrui Jiang ; Xuefeng Zeng |
| title_fullStr | Microlenses properties, fabrication, and liquid lenses Hongrui Jiang ; Xuefeng Zeng |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microlenses properties, fabrication, and liquid lenses Hongrui Jiang ; Xuefeng Zeng |
| title_short | Microlenses |
| title_sort | microlenses properties fabrication and liquid lenses |
| title_sub | properties, fabrication, and liquid lenses |
| topic | Mikrofluidik (DE-588)4803438-1 gnd Linse (DE-588)4167776-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Mikrofluidik Linse |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026743535&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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