Private remedies for corruption: towards an international framework
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Thesis Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
The Hague
Eleven Internat. Publ.
2013
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XXV, 516 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9789490947545 |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS V
LIST OF SELECTED ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS XV
TABLE OF CASES XVII
PART I THE FOUNDATION FOR PRIVATE REMEDIES 1
1 INTRODUCTION 3
1.1 THE CORRUPTION CONUNDRUM 4
1.2 THE RESEARCH QUESTION 11
1.3 CHOICE OF RESEARCH METHOD 14
1.4 FUNCTIONAL COMPARISON 16
1.4.1 CHOICE OF COUNTRIES FOR COMPARISON 18
1.4.2 THE PARAMETERS FOR COMPARISON 20
1.5 EMPIRICAL CASE STUDY 22
1.5.1 CHOICE OF COUNTRY FOR ANALYSIS 23
1.5.2 METHODOLOGY OF THE CASE STUDY 24
1.5.3 ANALYSIS OF DATA 25
1.6 RELEVANCE OF RESEARCH 26
1.7 OUTLINE OF THIS BOOK 28
2 THE CHALLENGES OF FIGHTING CORRUPTION 31
2.1 INTRODUCTION 31
2.2 THE PROBLEM OF DEFINITION 33
2.2.1 CORRUPTION AS AN UMBRELLA TERM 34
2.2.2 CORRUPTION AS A CULTURALLY COMPLEX PHENOMENON 35
2.2.3 DEFINITION AS A STARTING POINT TO PRIVATE REMEDIES 36
2.2.4 ILLUSTRATIONS FROM CASE STUDY: CULTURAL PERSPECTIVES 38
2.3 COMPROMISED PROCESSES OF GOVERNANCE 40
2.3.1 THE INEFFICACY OF THE COMPROMISED STATE 40
2.3.2 CORRUPTION AS A SELF-FULFILLING PROPHECY 42
2.3.3 ILLUSTRATIONS FROM CASE STUDY: THE CYCLE OF POVERTY 43
2.4 CHALLENGE FACED BY BUSINESS OPERATORS 45
2.4.1 THE LURE OF FUNCTIONAL CORRUPTION 45
2.4.2 ILLUSTRATIONS FROM CASE STUDY: CORRUPTION AS AN ENTRY PROCESS 46
2.5 CHALLENGE FACED BY JUDICIAL PROCESSES 48
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2.5.1 ILLUSTRATIONS FROM CASE STUDY: ACCESS TO JUSTICE AND INFORMATION
50
2.6 NEW ORDERING OF INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY 51
2.6.1 CORRUPTION IN AN INCREASINGLY INTEGRATED WORLD 52
2.6.2 THE SHIFTING PUBLIC/PRIVATE DIVIDE 52
2.6.3 ILLUSTRATIONS FROM CASE STUDY: THE TRICKLE DOWN EFFECT 53
2.7 THE PATH AHEAD 54
2.7.1 ILLUSTRATIONS FROM CASE STUDY: MOVING FORWARD 55
2.8 CONCLUSION 57
3 FROM THE FCPA TO AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 59
3.1 INTRODUCTION 59
3.2 THE FOREIGN CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT - THE GENESIS 62
3.2.1 PROTECTING THE PUBLIC INTEREST 64
3.3 THE FCPA: THE PROHIBITIONS 67
3.3.1 THE ANTI-BRIBERY PROVISIONS 68
3.3.1.1 PURPOSE OF THE BRIBE OR OTHER INDUCEMENT 69
3.3.1.2 PERSONS TO WHOM THE ACT APPLIES 71
3.3.1.3 ALTERNATIVE JURISDICTION 77
3.3.1.4 PAYMENT TO A FOREIGN OFFICIAL 79
3.3.1.5 BASIS OF FCPA LIABILITY 81
3.3.2 EXCEPTIONS TO THE APPLICATION OF THE FCPA 84
3.3.2.1 FACILITATING PAYMENTS FOR ROUTINE GOVERNMENTAL ACTIONS 84
3.3.2.2 AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSES 86
3.3.3 BOOKS AND RECORDS PROVISIONS 87
3.3.3.1 PROHIBITION AGAINST FALSE ACCOUNTING 88
3.3.3.2 ADEQUATE SYSTEM OF INTERNAL CONTROLS 90
3.4 FCPA PENALTIES 91
3.4.1 CRIMINAL PENALTIES FOR ANTI-BRIBERY PROVISIONS 91
3.4.2 CIVIL PENALTIES FOR ANTI-BRIBERY PROVISIONS 92
3.4.3 CRIMINAL PENALTIES FOR BOOKS AND RECORDS PROVISIONS 93
3.4.4 CIVIL PENALTIES FOR BOOKS AND RECORDS PROVISIONS 93
3.4.5 SEC POWERS OF SUBPOENA AND INJUNCTION 94
3.5 FCPA GUIDANCE AND OPINIONS BY THE ATTORNEY GENERAL 94
3.6 ENFORCEMENT OF THE FCPA 95
3.7 EFFECT OF OTHER US LAWS AND PROVISIONS 97
3.8 LOOPHOLES IN THE FCPA 99
3.9 ENCOURAGING A PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP 100
3.10 INTERNATIONALIZATION OF THE FCPA STANDARD 101
3.10.1 WORLD-WIDE CRIMINALIZATION: THE CONSENSUS AGAINST CORRUPTION 102
3.10.2 CATEGORIES OF INSTRUMENTS 105
TABLE OF CONTENTS
3.11 KEY ELEMENTS OF INTERNATIONAL CORRUPTION 107
3.11.1 ACTIVE BRIBERY DIRECTED AT A FOREIGN OFFICIAL 107
3.11.2 A COMMERCIAL CONTEXT 110
3.11.3 EXCLUSION OF FACILITATION PAYMENTS AND PERMITTED BRIBERY 110
3.11.4 EFFECT, NATURE AND INTENT OF THE BRIBE 111
3.11.5 TERRITORIAL AND NATIONALITY-BASED JURISDICTION 112
3.11.6 MANDATORY AND PERMISSIVE ASPECTS OF NORMATIVE ORDER 114
3.12 SELF-REGULATION AND BEST PRACTICES 115
3.12.1 THE OECD GUIDELINES FOR MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES 116
3.12.2 THE OECD GOOD PRACTICE GUIDANCE 117
3.12.3 THE UNITED NATIONS GLOBAL COMPACT 118
3.12.4 THE INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE RULES 118
3.12.5 THE PARTNERING AGAINST CORRUPTION INITIATIVE 119
3.13 OBSERVATIONS 119
3.14 CONCLUSION 122
PART II MODELS OF PRIVATE REMEDIES 123
4 PRIVATE REMEDIES IN THE UNITED STATES 125
4.1 INTRODUCTION 125
4.2 THE NORMATIVE FRAMEWORK 126
4.2.1 INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS 126
4.2.2 FEDERAL LAW 127
4.2.2.1 18 USC CHAPTER 11 BRIBERY GRAFT AND CONFLICTS OF INTEREST 128
4.2.2.2 ANTITRUST LAW 129
4.2.2.3 SECURITIES ACTS 1933 AND 1934 132
4.2.2.4 THE RICO ACT 1970 134
4.2.2.5 THE FALSE CLAIMS ACT 1863 135
4.2.3 STATE COMMERCIAL BRIBERY LAWS 136
4.3 THE PRIVATE RIGHT OF ACTION 139
4.3.1 POSITION UNDER TREATY LAW 139
4.3.2 POSITION UNDER THE FCPA 141
4.3.3 POSITION UNDER STATE LAW 145
4.4 TRANSACTION VALIDITY 147
4.4.1 THE FIDUCIARY DUTY 147
4.4.2 THE PRIMARY CONTRACT 149
4.4.2.1 UNENFORCEABILITY ON GROUNDS OF STATUTORY ILLEGALITY 150
4.4.2.2 UNENFORCEABILITY ON GROUNDS OF PUBLIC POLICY 151
4.4.2.3 EFFECT OF UNENFORCEABILITY OF PRIMARY CONTRACT 156
4.4.3 THE SECONDARY CONTRACT 159
TABLE OF CONTENTS
4.5 THE PRIVATE CLAIM FOR CORRUPTION 165
4.5.1 ACTIONS BY PRINCIPAL OF DISLOYAL AGENT 166
4.5.1.1 RECOVERY AGAINST THE DISLOYAL AGENT 167
4.5.1.2 RECOVERY AGAINST THE BRIBE-GIVER 170
4.5.2 SHAREHOLDER ACTIONS UNDER THE FEDERAL SECURITIES LAWS 172
4.5.3 SHAREHOLDER ACTIONS FOR BREACH OF FIDUCIARY DUTY 175
4.5.4 PRIVATE ACTIONS BY NATIONALS 176
4.5.5 PRIVATE ACTIONS BY FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS 177
4.5.6 PRIVATE ACTIONS BY LOSING COMPETITORS 178
4.5.7 PRIVATE ACTIONS BY CONSUMERS 182
4.6 OBSERVATIONS 183
4.7 CONCLUSION 185
5 PRIVATE REMEDIES IN ENGLAND 187
5.1 INTRODUCTION 187
5.2 THE NORMATIVE FRAMEWORK 189
5.2.1 THE COMMON LAW OFFENSE OF BRIBERY 191
5.2.2 STATUTORY LAW 193
5.2.2.1 THE PUBLIC BODIES CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT 1889 193
5.2.2.2 THE PREVENTION OF CORRUPTION ACT 1906 194
5.2.2.3 THE PREVENTION OF CORRUPTION ACT 1916 195
5.2.2.4 THE ANTI-TERRORISM, CRIME AND SECURITY ACT 2001 196
5.2.3 THE NEW BRIBERY ACT 2010 196
5.2.3.1 GENERAL BRIBERY OFFENSES 198
5.2.3.2 BRIBERY OF FOREIGN OFFICIALS 200
5.2.3.3 FAILURE OF COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATION TO PREVENT BRIBERY 200
5.2.3.4 FACILITATION PAYMENTS 201
5.2.3.5 SCOPE OF APPLICATION 202
5.2.3.6 SELF-REPORTING/PLEA BARGAIN AGREEMENTS 203
5.3 THE CIVIL LAW DEFINITION OF CORRUPTION 207
5.3.1 FIRST ESSENTIAL ELEMENT: SECRECY 208
5.3.2 SECOND ESSENTIAL ELEMENT: CONFLICT OF INTEREST 212
5.4 TRANSACTION VALIDITY 217
5.4.1 THE PRIMARY CONTRACT 219
5.4.2 THE SECONDARY CONTRACT 223
5.5 THE PRIVATE CLAIM FOR CORRUPTION 228
5.5.1 CLAIM BY PRINCIPAL FOR THE BRIBE AND RESULTING PROFITS 229
5.5.1.1 CLAIM AGAINST THE AGENT 229
5.5.1.2 CLAIM AGAINST THE BRIBE-GIVER 235
5.5.2 CLAIM IN TORT FOR DAMAGES 238
TABLE OF CONTENTS
5.5.3 CLAIM FOR BREACH OF EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT 240
5.5.4 RULE AGAINST DOUBLE RECOVERY 241
5.5.5 MISFEASANCE IN PUBLIC OFFICE 241
5.5.6 TORTIOUS INTERFERENCE 243
5.5.7 THE PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGANT 244
5.5.8 SHAREHOLDER LITIGATION 245
5.6 OBSERVATIONS 246
5.7 CONCLUSION 250
6 PRIVATE REMEDIES IN THE NETHERLANDS 251
6.1 INTRODUCTION 251
6.2 THE NORMATIVE FRAMEWORK 255
6.2.1 INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS 255
6.2.1.1 EXPLANATORY REPORTS ON THE CLC AND UNCC 257
6.2.2 NATIONAL LAW 259
6.2.2.1 THE DUTCH PENAL CODE 259
6.2.2.1.1 ACTIVE BRIBERY AS AN OFFENSE BY PUBLIC OFFICIALS 260
6.2.2.1.2 PASSIVE BRIBERY AS AN OFFENSE BY PUBLIC SERVANTS 261
6.2.2.1.3 PRIVATE BRIBERY AS AN OFFENSE 262
6.2.2.2 DUTCH CIVIL LAW 264
6.2.2.2.1 DISTINGUISHING ELEMENT OF BRIBERY 265
6.3 CONSEQUENCES OF BRIBERY ON CONTRACTS 267
6.3.1 CONTRACTUAL VALIDITY OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY CONTRACTS 267
6.3.2 THE PRIMARY CONTRACT 269
6.3.2.1 INVALID AS CONTRARY TO PUBLIC ORDER AND PUBLIC MORALITY 270
6.3.2.2 INVALID AS CONTRARY TO MANDATORY LAW 271
6.3.3 THE SECONDARY CONTRACT 273
6.3.3.1 INVALIDITY FOR DURESS, FRAUD, UNDUE INFLUENCE 274
6.3.3.2 INVALIDITY FOR REASONS OF ERROR 276
6.4 RIGHT TO RETURN OF THE BRIBE OR OTHER PERFORMANCE 281
6.4.1 POSITION OF THE BRIBE-GIVER 281
6.4.2 POSITION OF THE BRIBE-RECIPIENT 282
6.4.3 POSITION OF THE PRINCIPAL OF THE DISLOYAL AGENT 284
6.5 TORT CLAIMS 285
6.5.1 THE CLAIM AGAINST THE AGENT 286
6.5.2 THE CLAIM AGAINST THE BRIBE-GIVER 286
6.6 COMPENSATION FOR DAMAGES 288
6.6.1 DAMAGES FOR NON-PERFORMANCE OF AN OBLIGATION 288
6.6.2 JOINT AND SEVERAL LIABILITY 291
6.7 DISMISSAL OF THE AGENT 291
TABLE OF CONTENTS
6.8 THE COLLECTIVE CLAIM 292
6.9 OBSERVATIONS 294
6.10 CONCLUSION 297
7 IHE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION 299
7.1 INTRODUCTION 299
7.2 THE ARBITRATION PANEL AND THE VICTIM OF CORRUPTION 301
7.3 IMPLICATIONS OF CRIMINALIZATION 302
7.4 THE PUBLIC/PRIVATE DIVIDE 304
7.5 EFFECT OF MANDATORY NATURE OF ANTI-CORRUPTION RULES 306
7.6 CONVERGENCE OF INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC POLICY ON CORRUPTION 311
7.7 A MEDLEY OF ROLES 313
7.7.1 THE NEGATIVE PASSIVE ROLE 314
7.7.2 THE POSITIVE ACTIVE ROLE 316
7.8 QUESTIONING THE ROLE OF THE ARBITRATION TRIBUNAL 322
7.9 THE SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE ARBITRATION TRIBUNAL 324
7.10 CONCLUSION 326
PART III TOWARDS AN INTERNATIONAL FRAMEWORK 329
8 TRANSACTION VALIDITY 331
8.1 INTRODUCTION 331
8.2 CONSEQUENCES OF CORRUPTION UNDER THE UN CONVENTION 333
8.2.1 NO NEW LEGAL REGIME 334
8.2.2 MEASURES UNDER ART. 34 UNCC 335
8.2.3 CORRUPTION AS A VITIATING FACTOR 337
8.3 THE PRIMARY CONTRACT 337
8.3.1 US LAW 337
8.3.2 ENGLISH LAW 341
8.3.3 DUTCH LAW 344
8.3.4 INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION 346
8.4 THE SECONDARY CONTRACT 348
8.4.1 US LAW 348
8.4.2 ENGLISH LAW 350
8.4.3 DUTCH LAW 351
8.4.4 INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION 353
8.5 THE CONTRACT AS AN INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY TOOL 354
8.6 OBSERVATIONS 357
8.6.1 EFFECT OF THE UNCC 357
8.6.1.1 ART. 34 REACHES ACROSS THE PUBLIC/PRIVATE DIVIDE 357
TABLE OF CONTENTS
8.6.1.2 NO NEW LEGAL REGIME 358
8.6.1.3 REPORTING ON MEASURES UNDER ART. 34 UNCC 358
8.6.1.4 CORRUPTION AS AN INDEPENDENT VITIATING FACTOR 358
8.6.2 THE PRIMARY CONTRACT 359
8.6.3 THE SECONDARY CONTRACT 360
8.7 CONCLUSION 361
9 INSTITUTING PRIVATE LEGAL PROCEEDINGS 365
9.1 INTRODUCTION 365
9.2 CIVIL LIABILITY AS ENFORCEMENT MECHANISM 366
9.3 ART. 35: THE CORNERSTONE OF A VICTIM-CENTERED APPROACH? 369
9.4 PRIVATE RIGHT OF ACTION UNDER ART. 35 UNCC 371
9.4.1 NARROW SCOPE OF ART. 35 UNCC 371
9.4.1.1 SUBJECTION TO PRINCIPLE OF SOVEREIGNTY 371
9.4.1.2 SUBJECTION TO NATIONAL LAW AND PRINCIPLES 372
9.4.1.3 ART 35: PRE-CONDITIONS FOR PRIVATE RIGHT OF ACTION 373
9.4.2 ART. 35 UNCC: EFFECT OF PRE-CONDITIONS 375
9.4.3 ART. 35 UNCC: EFFECT IN US, ENGLAND AND THE NETHERLANDS 377
9.4.3.1 POSITION IN THE US 378
9.4.3.2 POSITION IN ENGLAND/THE NETHERLANDS 379
9.4.4 NO CHANGE IN EXISTING CIVIL LIABILITY REGIMES 381
9.5 SCOPE OF PRIVATE REMEDIES 383
9.5.1 CORRUPTION AS AN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL WRONG 383
9.5.2 ACTS OF CORRUPTION 384
9.6 INTERESTS PROTECTED AGAINST ACTS OF CORRUPTION 385
9.7 DAMAGE PRIMARILY TO PRIVATE INTERESTS 389
9.7.1 PRIVATE REDRESS BY PRINCIPAL OF DISLOYAL AGENT 390
9.7.2 REMEDIES FOR TORTIOUS INTERFERENCE 396
9.7.3 SECURITIES LITIGATION 401
9.7.4 FCPA ANTITRUST CASES 404
9.8 DAMAGE PRIMARILY TO THE PUBLIC INTEREST 405
9.8.1 CLAIM FOR SOCIAL DAMAGES 407
9.8.2 CLAIM FOR MANDATORY RESTITUTION BY A STATE COMPANY 408
9.8.3 PRIVATE CITIZENS CHALLENGING ACTS OF CORRUPTION BY STATE OFFICIALS
410
9.8.4 THE NGO ACTING IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST 411
9.8.5 THE SUCCEEDING GOVERNMENT 414
9.8.6 SUMMARY 414
9.9 ENCOURAGING THE PRIVATE LITIGANT 415
9.9.1 STANDING TO SUE: RIGHTS IUS QUAESITUM TERTIO 415
9.9.2 PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATION 419
TABLE OF CONTENTS
9.9.2.1 PROTECTIVE COST ORDERS 421
9.9.2.2 ALTERNATIVE FEE ARRANGEMENTS 423
9.9.2.3 ENCOURAGING THE WHISTLE-BLOWER 425
9.10 OBSERVATIONS 427
9.10.1 EFFECT OF ART. 35 UNCC 428
9.10.1.1 CIVIL LIABILITY AS SANCTION AND AS RIGHT OF REDRESS 428
9.10.1.2 LIMITED SCOPE OF PRIVATE RIGHT OF ACTION UNDER ART. 35 UNCC 428
9.10.1.3 ART 35 UNCC: NO CHANGE TO CIVIL LIABILITY REGIMES 429
9.10.1.4 ARTICULATION OF ACTS OF CORRUPTION AS LEGAL WRONGS 429
9.10.2 CLAIMS FOR DAMAGE TO PRIVATE INTERESTS 429
9.10.3 CLAIMS FOR DAMAGE TO PUBLIC INTEREST 432
9.10.4 SCHEMES TO ENCOURAGE THE PRIVATE LITIGANT 433
9.11 CONCLUSION 434
437
437
440
444
444
446
447
449
450
452
453
455
456
459
461
463
464
467
476
477
478
SELECTED REFERENCES 481
INDEX 503
10
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.3.1
10.3.2
10.3.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.6.1
10.6.2
10.6.3
10.7
10.8
11
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
TOWARDS A TRANSACTION APPROACH
INTRODUCTION
THE PARADOX OF CONSENSUS AND THE SUCCESSFUL VIOLATION
PITFALLS OF CURRENT APPROACH
THE TRADE OFF
RESORTING TO PRIVATE JUSTICE
EFFECT OF PITFALLS
ANTI-CORRUPTION IN A QUANDARY?
CHANGING THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
LEVELS OF INTERACTION
THE MANDATE LEVEL
THE VIOLATION LEVEL
THE CONSEQUENCE LEVEL
ADVANTAGES OF A TRANSACTION APPROACH
CONCLUSION
FINAL CONCLUSIONS
THE FOUNDATION FOR PRIVATE REMEDIES
MODELS OF PRIVATE REMEDIES
TOWARDS AN INTERNATIONAL FRAMEWORK
AREAS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH
FINAL WORDS
|
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| genre | (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| id | DE-604.BV041269240 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:43:38Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789490947545 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-026242873 |
| oclc_num | 862801387 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| physical | XXV, 516 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publishDateSearch | 2013 |
| publishDateSort | 2013 |
| publisher | Eleven Internat. Publ. |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Makinwa, A. Verfasser (DE-588)1037096878 aut Private remedies for corruption towards an international framework Abiola O. Makinwa The Hague Eleven Internat. Publ. 2013 XXV, 516 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zugl.: Diss. Corruption / Prevention Bribery / Prevention Misconduct in office / Prevention Korruption (DE-588)4032524-6 gnd rswk-swf Bekämpfung (DE-588)4112701-8 gnd rswk-swf Privatrecht (DE-588)4047304-1 gnd rswk-swf Rechtsmittel (DE-588)4048808-1 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Korruption (DE-588)4032524-6 s Bekämpfung (DE-588)4112701-8 s Privatrecht (DE-588)4047304-1 s Rechtsmittel (DE-588)4048808-1 s DE-604 SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026242873&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Makinwa, A. Private remedies for corruption towards an international framework Corruption / Prevention Bribery / Prevention Misconduct in office / Prevention Korruption (DE-588)4032524-6 gnd Bekämpfung (DE-588)4112701-8 gnd Privatrecht (DE-588)4047304-1 gnd Rechtsmittel (DE-588)4048808-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4032524-6 (DE-588)4112701-8 (DE-588)4047304-1 (DE-588)4048808-1 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Private remedies for corruption towards an international framework |
| title_auth | Private remedies for corruption towards an international framework |
| title_exact_search | Private remedies for corruption towards an international framework |
| title_full | Private remedies for corruption towards an international framework Abiola O. Makinwa |
| title_fullStr | Private remedies for corruption towards an international framework Abiola O. Makinwa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Private remedies for corruption towards an international framework Abiola O. Makinwa |
| title_short | Private remedies for corruption |
| title_sort | private remedies for corruption towards an international framework |
| title_sub | towards an international framework |
| topic | Corruption / Prevention Bribery / Prevention Misconduct in office / Prevention Korruption (DE-588)4032524-6 gnd Bekämpfung (DE-588)4112701-8 gnd Privatrecht (DE-588)4047304-1 gnd Rechtsmittel (DE-588)4048808-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Corruption / Prevention Bribery / Prevention Misconduct in office / Prevention Korruption Bekämpfung Privatrecht Rechtsmittel Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026242873&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT makinwaa privateremediesforcorruptiontowardsaninternationalframework |