Polityka zagraniczna Ukrainy 1990 - 2010:
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Polish |
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Białystok
Wydawnictwo Uniwersyteckie Trans Humana
2012
|
| Edition: | Wyd. 1. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Item Description: | Zsfassung in engl. u. russ. Sprache u.d.T.: Foreign policy in Ukraine in 1990 - 2010 |
| Physical Description: | 367 s. 25 cm. |
| ISBN: | 9788361209867 |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Spis
tresei
Wstęp
11
L
Powstanie niepodległej Ukrainy
17
2.
Polityka zagraniczna Ukrainy w pierwszych latach
niepodległości
19914994 33
1.
Uwarunkowania wewnętrzne
33
2.
Neutralność, Wschód, czy Zachód?
40
3.
Rosja i kraje WNP w polityce ukraińskiej
45
4.
Polityka wobec sąsiadów spoza WNP
60
5.
Zachód w polityce ukraińskiej
73
6.
Początek współpracy z Chinami
88
3.
Polityka zagraniczna Leonida Kuczmy
(1994-2004) 91
1.
Uwarunkowania wewnętrzne
91
2.
W poszukiwaniu modelu polityki zagranicznej
105
3.
Stosunki z Rosją i Białorusią
119
4.
Kaukaz i Region Czarnomorski w polityce Leonida Kuczmy
141
5.
Stosunki z Polską, Litwą i Węgrami
163
6.
Kwestia integracji z Unią Europejską
175
7.
Stosunki z Niemcami i Wielką Brytanią
182
8.
Partnerstwo z NATO
189
9.
Rola US A
w polityce ukraińskiej
196
10.
Wybrane kraje Azji w polityce ukraińskiej
204
4.
Polityka zagraniczna „pomarańczowych
213
1.
Uwarunkowania wewnętrzne
213
2.
Poszukiwanie nowej strategii polityki zagranicznej
232
3.
Stosunki z Rosją
240
4.
Białoruś, Mołdawia i Kaukaz w polityce ukraińskiej.
Idea regionalnego przywództwa
251
5.
Stosunki z Polską, Słowacją, Węgrami i Rumunią
266
6.
Turcja, Azja Centralna i Chiny w polityce ukraińskiej
276
7.
Polityka integracji z Zachodem
292
8.
Miejsce Niemiec i USA w polityce „pomarańczowych
312
Podsumowanie
323
Literatura
329
Indeks nazwisk
349
Заграничная политика Украины
1990-2010
(резюме)
357
Foreign policy in Ukraine in
1990-2010
(summary)
363
Содержание
Введение
11
1.
Образование независимой Украины
17
2.
Заграничная политика Украины в первые годы
независимости
1991-1994 33
1.
Внутренние предпосылки
33
2.
Нейтральность, Восток или Запад?
40
3.
Россия и страны СНГ в украинской политике
45
4.
Политика по отношению к соседям вне СНГ
60
5.
Запад в украинской политике
73
6.
Начало сотрудничества с Китаем
88
3.
Заграничная политика Леонида Кучмы
(1994-2004) 91
1.
Внутренние предпосылки
91
2.
В поиске модели заграничной политики
105
3.
Отношения с Россией и Беларусью
119
4.
Кавказ и Черноморский регион в политике
Леонида Кучмы
141
5.
Отношения с Польшей, Литвой и Венгрией
163
6.
Вопрос объединения с Европейским Союзом
175
7.
Отношения с Германией и Великобританией
182
8.
Партнерство с НАТО
189
9.
Роль США в украинской политике
196
10.
Некоторые страны Азии в украинской политике
204
4.
Заграничная политика „оранжевых
213
1.
Внутренние предпосылки
213
2.
Поиск новой стратегии заграничной политики
232
3.
Отношения с Россией
240
4.
Беларусь, Молдавия и Кавказ в украинской политике.
Идея регионального предводительства
251
5.
Отношения с Польшей, Словакией,
Венгрией и Румынией
2,66
6.
Турция,
Центральная
Азия и Китай
в украинской политике
276
7.
Политика объединения с Западом
292
8.
Место Германии и США в политике „оранжевых
312
Итог
323
Литература
329
Индекс фамилий
349
Резюме
357
Contents
Foreword
11
1.
The establishment of independent Ukraine
17
2.
Foreign policy in Ukraine in the first years of its
independence
1991-1994 33
1.
Internal conditionings
33
2.
Neutrality
-
East or West?
40
3-
Russia and CIS members in Ukrainian policy
45
4.
The policy towards neighbors from outside CIS
60
5.
The West in Ukrainian policy
73
6.
The beginning of cooperation with China
88
3.
Foreign policy pursued by Leonid Kuczma
(1994-2004) 91
1.
Internal conditionings
91
2.
In pursuit of the model of foreign policy
105
3-
Relations with Russia and Belarus
119
4.
Caucasia and the Black Sea Region in Leonid bCuczma s policy
141
5.
Relations with Poland, Lithuania and Hungary
163
6.
The issue of integration with the European Union
175
7.
Relations with Germany and Great Britain
- 182
8.
Partnership with NATO
189
9.
The role of the USA in Ukrainian policy
196
10.
Selected Asian countries in Ukrainian policy
204
4.
Foreign policy pursued by the Orange
213
1.
Internal conditionings
213
2.
In pursuit of a new strategy of foreign policy
232
3.
Relations with Russia
240
4.
Belarus, Moldova and Caucasia in Ukrainian policy.
The idea of regional leadership
251
5.
Relations with Poland, Slovakia, Hungary and Romania
266
6.
Turkey, Central Asia and China in Ukrainian policy
276
7.
The policy of integration with the West
292
8.
The place of Germany and the USA in the Orange policy
312
Conclusion
323
Literature
329
Index of names
349
Summary
363
Eugeniusz Mironowicz
Foreign policy in Ukraine in
1990-2010
(summary)
Ukrainian politicians considered the collapse of the Soviet Union and
establishment of independent Ukraine in
1991
as the most important political
changes in the 20th century Europe. Ukraine gained independence by political
methods exclusively, which was undeniably a great achievement of Ukrainian
elites. Severing state ties with the Russian Federation and other Soviet repub¬
lics was accompanied by the breakdown of a common economic structure and
defense system. A separatist movement oriented to preserve state bonds with
Russia emerged in Crimea and eastern oblasts.
Ukraine s statehood was recognized by most countries of the world at the
beginning of
1992.
As far as foreign policy was concerned, however, it was
crucial to shape relations with new post-Soviet states. Russia proposed re-inte¬
gration of former republics under new political rules with the preservation of
a common economic and defense system. The position of the Supreme Council
was considerably important in the first years of independence as far as determi¬
nation of Ukraine s foreign policy trends was concerned. Parliamentary major¬
ity was for the ideas of a neutral state not belonging to any military or political
alliances. Following this rule, Ukraine refused to join the system of collective
safety built under Russia s leadership, that is the Tashkent Treaty of May
1992.
At the end of
1992,
the issue of neutrality stopped being a priority of the for¬
eign policy pursued by Ukraine s leaders. Documents adopted by the Supreme
Council on
2nd
July,
1993
conveyed a very clear message according to which
the most important aim of the state authorities was to strengthen the country s
position in the international arena. Moreover, it was written down therein that
a strategic and geopolitical interest was the states national security, strength¬
ening its political independence, defense of territorial integrity and borders
inviolability whereas its economic interest was the connection of Ukrainian
economy with the world economy. Ukraine defined its place on the European
FOREIGN POLICY IN UKRAINE IN
1990-2010
(SUMMARY)
political map as a country maintaining a balance in the relations between the
East and West. It was, most of all, an explicit declaration of the will not to
stand in the shadows of Russia any longer. What is more, Ukraine desired to be
a bridge between Russia and Central and Eastern European countries. Within
the framework of restoring old-time relations with European civilization ,
Ukraine wished to establish close economic, political and military relations
with the countries of the European Union and NATO. The choice of Euro¬
pean civilization was an alternative to Eurasian one whose embodiment was,
according to the Ukrainian governing elites, Russia.
Independent Ukraine inherited from the Soviet republic the system of oil
and gas supply based on deliveries from Russia. The structures of economic
connections developed in the common country, i.e. the Soviet Union, required
profound reconstruction at the moment independent countries having their
own separate political and national interests were established. The extent of
economic connections, however, compelled cooperation with Russia. Ukraine
was not able to do without Russian energetic resources whereas most Ukrain¬
ian industries were losing their
raison
d etre without contacts with the Russian
market. Russia, on the other hand, needed Ukrainian transit space and the
Black Sea naval bases. Any attempts made by Ukraine to diversify supplies of
energetic resources have failed. Interdependence appeared to be a permanent
element of Ukrainian-Russian relations.
Romania and Moldova put forward their territorial claims to Kiev. Ukrain¬
ian diplomacy was absolutely determined to opt for the realization of the
resolution of the Supreme Council on the need to preserve state integrity in
this regard too. Facing its own problems with Crimea s separatism, Ukraine
also defended the principle of territorial inviolability of Moldova, Georgia
and Azerbaijan, where areas inhabited by ethnic minorities obtained internal
attributes of sovereign states with Russia s support.
In Warsaw, the establishment of independent Ukraine was defined unequiv¬
ocally as consistent with the Polish
raison
d etat. Ukraine was involved in the
conñict
with Russia over the Black Sea Fleet whereas Crimea found support
in Poland and expected further close-up including a possibility of concluding
a political and military alliance. What is more, Ukraine enjoyed good relations
with other neighbors
-
Turkey, Hungary, Slovakia and Bulgaria.
Ukrainian relations with the West faced more difficulties in the first years
of independence. Although politicians in Kiev frequently expressed opinions
about the need to integrate with the European Union and NATO, nobody
364
FOREIGN POLICY IN UKRAINE IN
1990-2010
(SUMMARY)
treated such signals seriously. The West only expected Ukraine to hand over
post-Soviet nuclear arsenal to Russia. On 8th February,
1994
Ukraine was the
first country to sign a framework program initiated by NATO Partnership
for Peace . Membership in the program obliged Ukraine to assure democratic
control over armed forces and develop a military cooperation with NATO.
The program Partnership for Peace was presumed by the governing spheres as
a path leading to membership in the North Atlantic Treaty.
Partnership and Cooperation Agreement concluded on 14th June,
1994
between Ukraine and the European Union obliged Ukraine to observe democ¬
racy and human rights laid down in international conventions. Nevertheless,
nobody in Ukraine hastened to implement these resolutions. Among the
EU
countries, Germany showed most interest in Ukraine whereas at the beginning
of the
1990s
there was not any feedback from Kiev thereon, where much more
importance was attributed to the relations with the USA and Canada. Ukrain¬
ian diplomacy did not appreciate a role of Germany in building Ukraine s posi¬
tion in Europe or the possibility of Germany exerting impact on Ukraine s
economy development.
A decade of President Leonid Kuczma s rule contributed to the emergence
of powerful and influential finance groups mostly connected with the Russian
capital. A political consequence in Leonid Kuczma s foreign policy was lack
of clearly defined vectors and constant improvisation where concrete actions
were the result of a reaction to the existing internal and external conditionings.
The political objectives, however, remained unchanged
-
defense of sovereignty,
independence and territorial inviolability. Ukraine entered into strategic part¬
nerships with twenty countries. On this long list of allies there were countries
whose strategic interests apparently collided or contradicted one another such
as, e.g., Poland and Russia.
With regard to foreign policy, only one dilemma of a choice of the main
area of cooperation appeared to be much clearer. The alternative for the East
dominated by Russia was the West where there existed powerful organizations
-
an economic one in the form of the European Union and a military-political
one in the form of NATO being a sphere of the USA influence. As far as devel¬
opment of civilization was concerned, the post-Soviet republic was strongly
anchored in the East even though a part of its political and intellectual elites
strongly emphasized a European character of Ukrainian culture. Nevertheless,
it was feasibly evaluated that Ukraine s European ization would require huge
internal changes and, most of all, reforms which would build democratic insti-
365
FOREIGN POLICY IN UKRAINE IN
1990-2010
(SUMMARY)
tutions, freedom of speech, guarantee human rights, transparent principles of
electing state authorities and business economy. Implementing these reforms,
Ukrainian elite of power and money would have to act against their own inter¬
ests. This is why rhetorical words on Ukraine belonging to European civiliza¬
tion lavished but not much was actually done to disseminate the values that
created the foundations of political and social order of the countries of inte¬
grating Europe in the practice of a public life on the Dnieper River.
Lack of strategic determination of the states position in the international
area led to covering up with slogans on multi-vector foreign policy, which,
in principle, meant constant improvisation. Mukivectorism in a declaratory
sphere was a manifestation of the will to tighten relations with the most impor¬
tant partners of Ukraine
-
Russia, the European Union and the USA. Empha¬
sizing equal distance towards the three world players was to give Ukraine a pos¬
sibility of steering a middle course among them and winning on differences of
their strategic interests in this part of the world. The logic of such a policy was
mainly calculated to build appropriate relations with Russia. Mukivectorism
was to show Moscow that
ifit
used the attributes of a stronger partner, Kiev
had a possibility of maneuver and a perspective of establishing close relations
with the West.
The second term of office of Leonid Kuczma in foreign policy was domi¬
nated by slogans about the necessity of European integration. Whereas in
the European Union
integrative
intentions of the Ukrainian authorities
were received without enthusiasm. Most of all, political, social and economic
reforms were expected. Their implementation would violate the interests of
Ukrainian oligarchs who were closely connected with the government elite.
Financial and political groups in Ukraine were aware of the fact that possible
integration with the West would cause severance of economic tics with Rus¬
sia and, in result thereof, a collapse of oligarchic industrial-financial empires.
Lack of the
EU s
positive reaction to
integrative
appeals coming from Kiev
affected Ukraine s accession in September
2004
to the Single Economic Space
created by Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan. It was membership limited only to
the sphere of free trade excluding a possibility of a military or political alliance
with Russia.
As far as bilateral relations were concerned, Ukrainian leaders frequently
indicated that the most important were the relations with the USA. Russia was
the biggest business partner and at the same time a neighbor aspiring to domi¬
nate within the area where a Ukrainian state was located as well. As the biggest
36e
FOREIGN POLICY IN UKRAINE IN
1990-2010
(SUMMARY)
world power, the USA was gladly perceived as playing a role of Ukraine s safety
guarantor in this system.
The obtainment of NATO membership, which was to assure safety guar¬
antees in relations with Russia and pave the way to the European Union, was
treated as the form of an alliance with the USA. With the help of the USA,
Ukraine made an attempt at building its own sphere of influences in the form
of GUAM (Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Moldova). Ukraine tried to use it as
a trump card in the game with Russia and the European Union.
During the first term of office of L. Kuczmas presidency, a great deal of
success was recorded in the process of establishing close relations with the
USA and the attempts to become a NATO member. Due to suspected sale
of weapon to Iraq, in
2002
the USA started a very dynamic action to change
the ruling authorities in Ukraine and advance a former Prime Minister Victor
Juszczenko to take the highest office in the country in presidential election in
autumn
2004.
The Orange Revolution led to delegation of power to determined advo¬
cates of Ukraine s membership in the European Union and NATO. Politi¬
cal relations with Russia considerably cooled of whereas the relations with
Ukraine s western neighbors and post-Soviet Baltic states started to take on an
allied character. Juszczenko s team wanted to make the country the
EU
mem¬
ber state without taking a risk of economic and political reforms. Despite the
support of new members of the Commonwealth from Central Europe, the old
EU
countries were again very restrained to Ukraine s
integrative
postulates.
On the other hand, much greater chances of obtaining NATO membership
appeared. President Juszczenko s efforts were supported by the US authorities
and Ukraine s western neighbors, new members of the Treaty. In
2008
presi¬
dential election was held in the USA. A new host of the White House,
Barack
Obama,
changing the strategy of policy towards Russia in
2009,
retracted from
pushing support for Ukraine s membership in NATO. Since
2010,
a role of the
country s leader in Ukraine has been performed by Victor Janukowycz who
does not share his predecessors plans in the matter of building the country s
safety based on the membership in the North Atlantic Treaty.
367
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Mironowicz, Eugeniusz 1955- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1120732794 |
| author_facet | Mironowicz, Eugeniusz 1955- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Mironowicz, Eugeniusz 1955- |
| author_variant | e m em |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV041238167 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)862799557 (DE-599)BVBBV041238167 |
| edition | Wyd. 1. |
| era | Geschichte 1990-2010 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1990-2010 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Ukraine (DE-588)4061496-7 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Ukraine |
| id | DE-604.BV041238167 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:42:52Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788361209867 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-026212406 |
| oclc_num | 862799557 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 367 s. 25 cm. |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publishDateSearch | 2012 |
| publishDateSort | 2012 |
| publisher | Wydawnictwo Uniwersyteckie Trans Humana |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Mironowicz, Eugeniusz 1955- Verfasser (DE-588)1120732794 aut Polityka zagraniczna Ukrainy 1990 - 2010 Eugeniusz Mironowicz Wyd. 1. Białystok Wydawnictwo Uniwersyteckie Trans Humana 2012 367 s. 25 cm. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. u. russ. Sprache u.d.T.: Foreign policy in Ukraine in 1990 - 2010 Geschichte 1990-2010 gnd rswk-swf Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd rswk-swf Ukraine (DE-588)4061496-7 gnd rswk-swf Ukraine (DE-588)4061496-7 g Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 s Geschichte 1990-2010 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026212406&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026212406&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Mironowicz, Eugeniusz 1955- Polityka zagraniczna Ukrainy 1990 - 2010 Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4003846-4 (DE-588)4061496-7 |
| title | Polityka zagraniczna Ukrainy 1990 - 2010 |
| title_auth | Polityka zagraniczna Ukrainy 1990 - 2010 |
| title_exact_search | Polityka zagraniczna Ukrainy 1990 - 2010 |
| title_full | Polityka zagraniczna Ukrainy 1990 - 2010 Eugeniusz Mironowicz |
| title_fullStr | Polityka zagraniczna Ukrainy 1990 - 2010 Eugeniusz Mironowicz |
| title_full_unstemmed | Polityka zagraniczna Ukrainy 1990 - 2010 Eugeniusz Mironowicz |
| title_short | Polityka zagraniczna Ukrainy 1990 - 2010 |
| title_sort | polityka zagraniczna ukrainy 1990 2010 |
| topic | Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Außenpolitik Ukraine |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026212406&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026212406&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mironowiczeugeniusz politykazagranicznaukrainy19902010 |