State responsibility: the general part
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Cambridge
Cambridge University Press
2013
|
| Series: | Cambridge studies in international and comparative law
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke |
| Physical Description: | lxxiv, 825 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9780521822664 9781107477780 |
Staff View
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Record in the Search Index
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|---|---|
| adam_text | IMAGE 1
CONTENTS
PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS PAGE XXI
ABBREVIATIONS XXIV
TABLE OF CASES XXXII
TABLE OF TREATIES AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS LV
REPORTS OF SPECIAL RAPPORTEURS LXXIII
PART I THE FRAMEWORK OF RESPONSIBILITY
1 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 3
1.1 INTRODUCTION 3
1.2 INTIMATIONS OF RESPONSIBILITY IN EARLY INTERNATIONAL LAW WRITINGS 4
1.2.1 ITALIAN PRECURSORS OF GROTIUS: BELLI AND GENTILI 4 1.2.2 GROTIUS:
CIVIL LAW OBLIGATIONS WITH NO EQUIVALENT IN THE LAW OF NATIONS 8
1.2.3 ZOUCHE: BREACHES OF TREATIES 11
1.2.4 PUFENDORF: A PERFECT SYSTEM OF NATURAL LAW 12 1.2.5 VAN
BYNKERSHOEK: THE HONOUR OF THE SOVEREIGN AND PACTA SUNT SERVONDO 15
1.2.6 WOLFF AND VATTEL: ELEMENTS OF A LAW ON RESPONSIBILITY 17
1.3 NINETEENTH- AND EARLY-TWENTIETH-CENTURY DEVELOPMENTS 20 1.3.1
NINETEENTH-CENTURY WRITERS: FROM WHEATON TO HEFFTER 20
1.3.2 THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY: TRIEPEL AND ANZILOTTI 22 1.3.3
BORCHARD AND EAGLETON AND THE LEGACY OF THE GREAT WAR 24
VLL
IMAGE 2
VU1 CONTENTS
1.3.4 THE HAGUE CODIFICATION CONFERENCE OF 1930 28
1.3.5 THE HARVARD DRAFT RESEARCH 32
1.3.5.1 THE 1929 DRAFT 32
1.3.5.2 THE 1961 DRAFT 34
1.4 THE WORK OF THE INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMISSION 35 1.4.1 THE FIRST
READING: 1949-1996 35
1.4.2 THE SECOND READING: 1998-2001 39
1.4.3 RESPONSES TO THE 2001 ARTICLES 42
2 KEY CONCEPTS 45
2.1 THE MODERN SYNTHESIS 45
2.1.1 THE ILC S CODIFICATION 45
2.1.2 THE MODERN CONCEPT OF STATE RESPONSIBILITY 49 2.2 THE LANGUAGE OF
STATE RESPONSIBILITY 51
2.2.1 TYPOLOGY OF STATE RESPONSIBILITY 51
2.2.2 PREREQUISITES FOR THE INVOCATION OF RESPONSIBILITY 54 2.2.2.1 THE
DEBATE OVER DAMAGE AND INJURY 54 2.2.2.2 THE PRINCIPLE OF OBJECTIVE
RESPONSIBILITY 60
2.2.3 DELICTUAL CAPACITY 62
2.2.4 RESPONSIBILITY AND LIABILITY 62
2.2.5 RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS 64
2.2.5.1 PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OBLIGATIONS 64 2.2.5.2 OBLIGATIONS
ERGO OMNES AND RELATED CONCEPTS 66
2.3 INVOCATION AND ADMISSIBILITY 67
2.3.1 INVOCATION OF STATE RESPONSIBILITY: FORMAL REQUIREMENTS 67
2.3.2 CERTAIN QUESTIONS AS TO THE ADMISSIBILITY OF CLAIMS 68 2.3.2.1
NATIONALITY OF CLAIMS 69
2.3.2.2 EXHAUSTION OF LOCAL REMEDIES 69
2.3.2.3 WAIVER 70
2.3.2.4 ACQUIESCENCE 72
2.4 DIPLOMATIC PROTECTION AND ITS ANALOGUES 74
2.4.1 PUBLIC AND PRIVATE RIGHTS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW 74 2.4.2 THE
INSTITUTION OF DIPLOMATIC PROTECTION 75
2.4.3 FUNCTIONAL AND OTHER PROTECTION (BY INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS OR
THIRD STATES) 77
2.4.3.1 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 77
2.4.3.2 NATIONALS OF THIRD STATES 78
IMAGE 3
CONTENTS IX
2.5 RESPONSIBILITY OF NON-STATE ACTORS 79
2.5.1 INDIVIDUAL CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY 79
2.5.2 CORPORATE CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY 80
2.5.3 INTERNATIONAL LAW CLAIMS AGAINST INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS 81
2.6 RESPONSIBILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY 83
2.7 THE MODERN SYNTHESIS AND ITS FUTURE 85
2.7.1 GOVERNMENTAL CRITICISMS 85
2.7.2 SCHOLARLY CRITICISMS 87
2.7.3 A CONVENTION ON STATE RESPONSIBILITY? 90
COROLLARIES OF BREACH OF AN INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATION 93 3.1 INTRODUCTION
93
3.2 BREACH OF OBLIGATION AND ITS COROLLARIES 94
3.2.1 THE COMPONENTS OF A BREACH 94
3.2.2 THE SUBSTANTIVE COROLLARY: REPARATION 94
3.2.3 THE PROCEDURAL COROLLARY: CLAIM AND COUNTERMEASURE 95
3.2.4 DISPUTE SETTLEMENT IN CLAIMS OF RESPONSIBILITY 95 3.3 THE
APPLICABLE LAW IN CLAIMS OF RESPONSIBILITY 99
3.3.1 OVERVIEW 99
3.3.2 INTERNATIONAL LAW AS THE GOVERNING LAW 100
3.3.3 THE LEX SPECIALIS PRINCIPLE AND SELF-CONTAINED REGIMES 103
3.3.4 CLAIMS OF RESPONSIBILITY ARISING UNDER PEREMPTORY NORMS 106
3.3.5 STATE RESPONSIBILITY AND THE UNITED NATIONS CHARTER 106
3.3.6 OTHER LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF INTERNATIONALLY WRONGFUL ACTS 108
PART II ATTRIBUTION TO THE STATE
ORGANS AND ENTITIES EXERCISING GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITY 113 4.1 GENERAL
PRINCIPLES OF ATTRIBUTION 113
4.1.1 THE PROCESS OF ATTRIBUTION AND ITS DISCONTENTS 113 4.1.2 BASES OF
ATTRIBUTION IN THE ARSIWA 115
4.2 ORGANS OF THE STATE 116
4.2.1 RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ACTS OF STATE ORGANS 116
IMAGE 4
CONTENTS
4.2.2 DEFINING AN ORGAN 118
4.2.2.1 THE EXECUTIVE 119
4.2.2.2 THE LEGISLATURE 120
4.2.2.3 THE JUDICIARY 121
4.2.2.4 FEDERAL AND OTHER INTERNAL SUBDIVISIONS 123 4.2.3 DE FACTO
ORGANS 124
4.3 ENTITIES EXERCISING GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITY 126
4.3.1 ATTRIBUTION OF ACTS OF PRIVATE PARTIES 126
4.3.2 DEFINING GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITY 129
4.3.3 EMPOWERED BY THE LAW OF THE STATE 132
4.4 ORGANS PLACED AT THE DISPOSAL OF ANOTHER STATE 132
4.4.1 DEFINING DISPOSAL 133
4.4.2 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS 135
4.5 ULTRA VIRES AND PERSONAL ACTS 136
DIRECTION OR CONTROL BY THE STATE 141
5.1 DEVELOPMENT OF THE LAW 141
5.1.1 EARLY CASES 141
5.1.2 THE WORK OF THE INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMISSION 143 5.2 PERSONS
ACTING ON STATE INSTRUCTION 144
5.3 PERSONS ACTING UNDER DIRECTION OR CONTROL 146
5.3.1 EFFECTIVE CONTROL VERSUS OVERALL CONTROL 146 5.3.2 NICARAGUA
147
5.3.3 TADIC 149
5.3.3.1 THE TRIAL CHAMBER 149
5.3.3.2 THE APPEALS CHAMBER 151
5.3.4 BOSNIAN GENOCIDE 154
5.4 STATE RESPONSIBILITY AND TERRORISM 156
5.4.1 THE ALLEGED INADEQUACY OF THE EFFECTIVE CONTROL TEST 156 5.4.2
ALTERNATE BASES OF STATE RESPONSIBILITY WITH RESPECT TO TERRORISM 157
5.5 ATTRIBUTION AND STATE-OWNED CORPORATIONS 161
OTHER CASES OF ATTRIBUTION 166
6.1 INTRODUCTION 166
6.2 EXERCISE OF GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITY IN THE ABSENCE OF THE STATE 166
6.2.1 FOUNDATIONS OFARSIWA ARTICLE 9 166
6.2.2 OPERATION OF THE PROVISION 168
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CONTENTS XI
6.3 RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ACTS OF INSURGENTS 170
6.3.1 ARSRWA ARTICLE 10 IN THE INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMISSION 170
6.3.2 RESPONSIBILITY WHERE THE INSURGENCY CREATES A NEW GOVERNMENT 174
6.3.3 RESPONSIBILITY WHERE THE INSURGENCY CREATES A NEW STATE 176
6.3.4 RESPONSIBILITY WHERE THE INSURGENCY FAILS 179 6.4 EX POST FACTO
ADOPTION OF CONDUCT 181
6.4.1 ARSIWA ARTICLE 11 IN THE INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMISSION 181
6.4.2 JUDICIAL CONSIDERATION OF EX POST FACTO ADOPTION 182 6.4.2.1 THE
LIGHTHOUSES ARBITRATION 182
6.4.2.2 THE EICHMANN CASE 183
6.4.2.3 THE TEHRAN HOSTAGES CASE 183
6.4.2.4 THE GABCIKOVO-NAGYMAROS CASE 186
6.4.3 THE OPERATION OF ARSIWA ARTICLE 11 187
6.5 STATE ORGANS AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 188
6.5.1 EARLY THEORY AND PRACTICE OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 190
6.5.2 PEACEKEEPING POLICY AND DARIO ARTICLE 7 193 6.5.3 JUDICIAL
CONSIDERATION OF CONTRIBUTING STATE RESPONSIBILITY 197
6.5.3.1 BEHRAMI AND SARAMATI 197
6.5.3.2 AL-JEDDA 200
6.5.4 THE STANDARD OF EFFECTIVE CONTROL 203
6.5.4.1 DEFINING THE BASIC CONCEPT 203
6.5.4.2 POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CONCEPTIONS OF CONTROL : THE DUTCHBAT
CASE 205
6.5.5 DISTINCTION BETWEEN ATTRIBUTION OF ACTS AND SECONDARY
RESPONSIBILITY WITH REGARD TO INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 210
PART III BREACH
BREACH: THE MATERIAL ELEMENT 215
7.1 INTRODUCTION 215
7.2 THE AUTONOMY OF THE PRIMARY OBLIGATION 216
7.3 ACTS AND OMISSIONS 217
7.4 THE CLASSIFICATION OF OBLIGATIONS 219
IMAGE 6
XLL CONTENTS
7.4.1 OBLIGATIONS OF CONDUCT AND RESULT 220
7.4.2 DUE DILIGENCE AND OBLIGATIONS OF PREVENTION 226 7.4.3 SUBSTANTIVE
AND PROCEDURAL OBLIGATIONS 232 7.5 SPECIFIC ISSUES 232
7.5.1 ANTICIPATORY BREACH 233
7.5.2 ILLUSORY OBLIGATIONS 235
7.5.3 NON-VIOLATION COMPLAINTS 238
8 BREACH: THE TEMPORAL ELEMENT 240
8.1 INTRODUCTION 240
8.2 THE INTERTEMPORAL LAW 241
8.2.1 APPLICATIONS OF THE PRINCIPLE 241
8.2.1.1 ISLAND OFPALMAS AND HUBER S RESTATEMENT 241 8.2.1.2 THE
INTERTEMPORAL LAW AND THE LAW OF TREATIES 242
8.2.1.3 THE INTERTEMPORAL LAW AND THE ILC S WORK ON RESPONSIBILITY 244
8.2.2 SOME QUALIFICATIONS 245
8.2.2.1 RETROSPECTIVE ACCEPTANCE OF RESPONSIBILITY 245 8.2.2.2 EVOLUTIVE
INTERPRETATION OF TREATIES 246 8.2.2.3 NEW PEREMPTORY NORMS 250
8.2.3 TERMINATION OF THE PRIMARY OBLIGATION 251
8.3 DURATION OF THE BREACH 253
8.3.1 INSTANTANEOUS BREACHES 254
8.3.2 CONTINUING BREACHES 258
8.3.2.1 THE CONCEPT OF CONTINUING BREACH 258 8.3.2.2 THE DISTINCTION
BETWEEN INSTANTANEOUS AND CONTINUING BREACH 262
8.3.2.3 COMPLETION OF THE ACT 264
8.3.3 COMPOSITE BREACHES 265
8.3.3.1 THE CHARACTER OF THE COMPOSITE BREACH 265 8.3.3.2 DETERMINING
THE SCOPE OF THE COMPOSITE BREACH 268
8.3.4 COMPLEX BREACHES 269
9 CIRCUMSTANCES PRECLUDING WRONGFULNESS 274
9.1 JUSTIFICATIONS AND EXCUSES IN INTERNATIONAL LAW 274 9.1.1 THE
CATEGORY OF CIRCUMSTANCES PRECLUDING WRONGFULNESS 274
9.1.2 TERMINATION AND SUSPENSION OF OBLIGATIONS 281
IMAGE 7
9.2
9.3
CONTENTS
GENERAL JUSTIFICATIONS AND EXCUSES
9.2.1 CONSENT 9.2.2 SELF-DEFENCE 9.2.3 COUNTERMEASURES 9.2.4 FORCE
MAJEURE
9.2.5 DISTRESS 9.2.6 NECESSITY FURTHER QUESTIONS
9.3.1 OBLIGATIONS ARISING UNDER PEREMPTORY NORMS 9.3.2 COMPENSATION FOR
MATERIAL LOSS 9.3.3 THE BURDEN OF PROOF
XLLL
283
283 289 292 295
301 305 315 315
318 320
PART IV COLLECTIVE OR ANCILLARY RESPONSIBILITY
10 RESPONSIBILITY IN CASES OF JOINT OR COLLECTIVE CONDUCT 325 10.1
INTRODUCTION 325
10.1.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: THE WORK OF THE ILC AND THE INSTITUT 326
10.1.2 THE INFLUENCE OF PRIVATE LAW ANALOGIES 328 10.2 JOINT AND
COLLECTIVE CONDUCT BY STATES 333
10.2.1 ATTRIBUTION TO MULTIPLE STATES: THE PRINCIPLE OF INDEPENDENT
RESPONSIBILITY 333
10.2.2 IMPLICATION IN THE ACT OF ANOTHER STATE: EXCEPTIONS TO THE
PRINCIPLE OF INDEPENDENT RESPONSIBILITY 336
10.2.3 CONDUCT OF JOINT ORGANS 339
10.2.4 OTHER BASES FOR SOLIDARY RESPONSIBILITY 341 10.3 CONDUCT WITHIN
THE FRAMEWORK OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 343
10.4 COGNATE QUESTIONS 354
10.4.1 GUARANTEES AND INDEMNITIES 354
10.4.2 CONTRIBUTION BETWEEN PERSONS COLLECTIVELY RESPONSIBLE 355
10.4.3 INTERNATIONAL CLAIMS INVOLVING CONDUCT OF PRIVATE PARTIES 358
11 RESPONSIBILITY FOR BREACHES OF COMMUNITARIAN NORMS 362 11.1
INTRODUCTION 362
11.2 THE INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMISSION S COMPROMISE 365 11.3 INVOCATION
OF COMMUNITARIAN NORMS 370
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XIV CONTENTS
11.4 THE RELATION BETWEEN COMMUNITARIAN AND OTHER NORMS 376
11.5 INVOCATION AND CONSEQUENCES OF BREACHES OF PEREMPTORY NORMS 378
11.5.1 DEFINING PEREMPTORY NORMS 378
11.5.2 CONSEQUENCES OF THE SERIOUS BREACH OF PEREMPTORY NORMS 380
11.5.2.1 THE OBLIGATION OF NON-RECOGNITION 381 11.5.2.2 THE OBLIGATION
OF NON-ASSISTANCE 385 11.5.2.3 THE OBLIGATION OF CO-OPERATION 386 11.6
FUTURE PROSPECTS 389
EXCURSUS: INTERNATIONAL CRIMES OF STATE 390
12 ANCILLARY AND SECONDARY RESPONSIBILITY 395
12.1 RESPONSIBILITY OF STATES FOR THE CONDUCT OF OTHER STATES AND
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 395
12.1.1 THE SCOPE OF ANCILLARY OR SECONDARY RESPONSIBILITY 395
12.1.2 THE STANDARDS OF DIRECTION AND CONTROL AND COERCION 397
12.2 AID OR ASSISTANCE IN THE COMMISSION OF A BREACH 399 12.2.1 ILC
DEVELOPMENT AND CUSTOMARY STATUS 400 12.2.2 DEFINING AID OR ASSISTANCE
401
12.2.2.1 THE TERMS OF ARSIWA ARTICLE 16 401 12.2.2.2 OMISSIONS AS AID
OR ASSISTANCE 403 12.2.2.3 AID OR ASSISTANCE : GENERAL PRINCIPLES? 405
12.2.3 THE SUBJECTIVE ELEMENT OF COMPLICITY 405 12.2.4 COMPLICITY AND
THE PACTA TERTIIS RULE 409
12.2.5 COMPLICITY AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 410 12.3 DIRECTION AND
CONTROL OVER ANOTHER STATE OR INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION 412
12.3.1 THE SCOPE AND RELEVANCE OF ARSIWA ARTICLE 17 412 12.3.2 DEFINING
DIRECTION AND CONTROL 414
12.3.3 ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS 416
12.3.3.1 KNOWLEDGE AND OPPOSABILITY OF OBLIGATION 416
12.3.3.2 RESPONSIBILITY OF THE DIRECTED STATE 417 12.3.4 DIRECTION AND
CONTROL OF AN INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION 417
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CONTENTS XV
12.4 COERCION OF A STATE OR INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION 419
12.4.1 DEFINING COERCION 419
12.4.2 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS 421
12.4.3 COERCION OF AN INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION 422 12.5 MEMBER STATE
RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ACTS OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 422
12.5.1 RESPONSIBILITY OF MEMBER STATES 423
12.5.1.1 THE BASIC RULE 423
12.5.1.2 JUDICIAL CONFIRMATION OF THE BASIC RULE 424 12.5.2 EXCEPTIONS
TO THE BASIC RULE 428
12.5.2.1 ACCEPTANCE OF RESPONSIBILITY 428 12.5.2.2 INJURED PARTY
RELIANCE 429
12.5.3 ABUSE OF THE SEPARATE PERSONALITY OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
430
13 SUCCESSION TO RESPONSIBILITY 435
13.1 INTRODUCTION 435
13.2 THE NEGATIVE SUCCESSION RULE 437
13.2.1 THE EARLY AUTHORITIES 437
13.2.2 DEFENCES AND CRITICISMS OF THE NEGATIVE SUCCESSION RULE 438
13.3 REBUTTING THE NEGATIVE SUCCESSION RULE: JUDICIAL CONSIDERATION 442
13.3.1 LIGHTHOUSES ARBITRATION 443
13.3.2 THE GABCIKOVO-NAGYMAROS CASE 446
13.4 REBUTTING THE NEGATIVE SUCCESSION RULE: MODERN STATE PRACTICE 447
13.4.1 THE ROLE OF STATE PRACTICE 447
13.4.2 SUCCESSION WHERE THE PREDECESSOR CEASES TO EXIST 448
13.4.2.1 THE REUNIFICATION OF GERMANY 449 13.4.2.2 THE DISSOLUTION OF
THE SOCIALIST FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA 451 13.4.3 SUCCESSION WHERE
THE PREDECESSOR CONTINUES TO EXIST 452
13.4.3.1 SEPARATION FROM THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS 452
13.4.3.2 THE INDEPENDENCE OF NAMIBIA 453 13.5 CONCLUSIONS 455
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XVI CONTENTS
PART V CESSATION AND REPARATION
14 RESTORATION OF LEGAL RELATIONS AFTER BREACH 459
14.1 INTRODUCTION 459
14.2 LEGAL EFFECTS OF THE BREACH 460
14.2.1 THE APPLICABLE SECONDARY OBLIGATIONS 460 14.2.2 THE CONTINUATION
OF THE PRIMARY OBLIGATION 461 14.3 CESSATION 461
14.3.1 WRONGFUL ACTS THAT ARE CONTINUING 462
14.3.2 THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN CESSATION AND THE CONTINUED DUTY OF
PERFORMANCE 464
14.3.3 THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN CESSATION AND RESTITUTION 465 14.4
ASSURANCES AND GUARANTEES AGAINST REPETITION 469 14.4.1 THE STATUS OF
THE OBLIGATION TO OFFER ASSURANCES AND GUARANTEES 469
14.4.2 THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN ASSURANCES AND GUARANTEES OF
NON-REPETITION AND REPARATION 475 14.4.3 APPROPRIATE ASSURANCES AND
GUARANTEES 476
15
16
REPARATION 15.1 15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
THE BASIC PRINCIPLE FULL REPARATION 15.2.1 THE POSITION TAKEN IN THE
ARSIWA 15.2.2 SUBSEQUENT CASE LAW THE NOTION OF INJURY
15.3.1 INJURY DEFINED 15.3.2 MATERIAL AND MORAL INJURY 15.3.3 LEGAL
INJURY ? QUESTIONS OF CAUSATION 15.4.1 AN EXPANDED RUBRIC 15.4.2
MITIGATION OF DAMAGE AND REPARATION 15.4.3 CONCURRENT CAUSES
15.4.3.1 THE APPLICABLE PRINCIPLES 15.4.3.2 HARD CASES 15.4.4
CONTRIBUTION TO THE INJURY PLURALITY OF INJURED STATES
REMEDIES 16.1 THE LINK BETWEEN REPARATION AND REMEDIES 16.1.1 THE
AVAILABLE FORMS OF REPARATION
480 480 481 481
483 485 485 486
487 492 492 494 495 495
498 500 503
506 506 506
IMAGE 11
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.1.2 16.1.3
CONTENTS
THE RIGHT OF ELECTION
A HIERARCHY OF REPARATION? RESTITUTION 16.2.1 16.2.2
16.2.3
16.2.4
THE BASIC PRINCIPLE THE FORMS OF RESTITUTION LIMITATIONS ON THE
AVAILABILITY OF RESTITUTION 16.2.3.1 MATERIAL IMPOSSIBILITY
16.2.3.2 DISPROPORTIONATE BURDEN A FLEXIBLE APPROACH COMPENSATION 16.3.1
16.3.2
16.3.3 16.3.4 16.3.5
THE BASIC PRINCIPLE THE PRACTICE OF THE PERMANENT AND INTERNATIONAL
COURTS QUANTIFICATION OF DAMAGE
LOSS OF PROFITS PUNITIVE DAMAGES SATISFACTION 16.4.1 16.4.2 16.4.3
16.4.4
THE BASIC PRINCIPLE FORMS OF SATISFACTION JUDICIAL DECLARATIONS
LIMITATIONS ON THE AVAILABILITY OF SATISFACTION INTEREST
16.5.1 16.5.2
16.5.3 16.5.4
THE BASIC PRINCIPLE PRE-JUDGMENT AND POST-JUDGMENT INTEREST
DISTINGUISHED THE PERIOD FOR WHICH INTEREST IS PAYABLE
THE RATE OF INTEREST AND MODE OF CALCULATION
XVLL
508
509 510 510 511
512 512 514 515
516 516
518 519 522 523
527 527 527 529 530 531
531
533 534 536
PART VI THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RESPONSIBILITY
17 THE CLAIMS PROCESS 541
17.1 ENTITLEMENT TO CLAIM 541
17.1.1 THE INJURED STATE 542
17.1.2 OTHER INJURED PARTIES 548
17.1.3 CONCERNED STATES OR OTHER ENTITIES 549
17.2 THE PROCESS OF CLAIM 553
17.3 LOSS OF THE RIGHT TO INVOKE RESPONSIBILITY 557
17.3.1 WAIVER AND ACQUIESCENCE 558
17.3.2 LAPSE OF TIME 560
17.3.3 ADJUDICATION AND SETTLEMENT 563
17.3.4 EFFECTS ON RELATED OR DERIVATIVE CLAIMS 563
IMAGE 12
XVILL CONTENTS
18 CLAIMS ON BEHALF OF OTHERS: DIPLOMATIC AND FUNCTIONAL
PROTECTION 566
18.1 INTRODUCTION 566
18.2 DIPLOMATIC PROTECTION: AN OVERVIEW 567
18.2.1 THE CHARACTER AND ROLE OF DIPLOMATIC PROTECTION 568
18.2.2 TITLE TO PROTECT: THE NATIONALITY OF CLAIMS 573 18.2.3 EXHAUSTION
OF LOCAL REMEDIES 580
18.3 DIPLOMATIC PROTECTION AND INDIVIDUAL AND STATE INVOCATION 584
18.3.1 HUMAN RIGHTS 585
18.3.2 INVESTMENT PROTECTION 587
18.3.3 OTHER FIELDS 592
18.4 FUNCTIONAL PROTECTION BY INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND THIRD
STATES 593
19 IMPLEMENTATION OF RESPONSIBILITY BY JUDICIAL PROCESS 598 19.1
INTRODUCTION 598
19.2 JURISDICTION IN MATTERS OF RESPONSIBILITY 599
19.2.1 THE CHORZDW PRINCIPLE 599
19.2.2 THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN CAUSE OF ACTION AND APPLICABLE LAW 603
19.2.3 JURISDICTION OVER COUNTERCLAIMS 609
19.3 IS THERE A REMEDIAL DISCRETION? 615
19.4 ELECTION OF REMEDIES 621
19.4.1 THE CLAIMANT S RIGHT TO ELECT AND ELECTION IN THE COURSE OF
PROCEEDINGS 621
19.4.2 FORK-IN-THE-ROAD CLAUSES 624
19.4.3 THE NON ULTRA PETITA RULE 626
19.5 SYSTEMATIC REMEDIES ARISING FROM INDIVIDUAL CASES 629 19.5.1 THE
ECHR: BRONIOWSKI AND ITS PROGENY 630 19.5.2 CLASS ACTIONS IN INVESTMENT
ARBITRATION: ABACLAT V. ARGENTINA 637
19.5.3 COMPENSATION AS AN INCIDENT OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS 641
20 INVOCATION IN CASES INVOLVING MULTIPLE PARTIES 644
20.1 INTRODUCTION 644
20.2 MULTIPLE CLAIMANTS 645
IMAGE 13
CONTENTS
20.3 MULTIPLE RESPONDENTS 648
20.4 INTERVENTION BY THIRD STATES 650
20.5 THE MONETARY GOLD PRINCIPLE: INDISPENSABLE THIRD STATES 655
20.5.1 THE SCOPE OF THE PRINCIPLE 657
20.5.1.1 THE MONETARY GOLD JURISPRUDENCE 658 20.5.1.2 UNCERTAINTY OF
APPLICATION 660
20.5.1.3 FURTHER QUESTIONS OF SCOPE 664
20.5.1.4 CONCLUSION 665
20.5.2 POSSIBLE EXCEPTIONS 666
20.5.2.1 DEFUNCT STATES 666
20.5.2.2 CRIMINAL PROSECUTION 667
20.5.2.3 WAIVER 668
20.6 OTHER PROCEDURAL INCIDENTS 669
20.6.1 JOINDER OF CLAIMS 669
20.6.2 THE COMPOSITION OF THE BENCH 671
20.6.3 THE RULE AGAINST DOUBLE RECOVERY 673
21 IMPLEMENTATION OF RESPONSIBILITY BY EXTRAJUDICIAL PROCESS 675 21.1
OVERVIEW 675
21.2 UNILATERAL SELF-HELP MEASURES 676
21.2.1 RETORSION 676
21.2.2 THE EXCEPTION OF NON-PERFORMANCE (EXCEPTIO INADIMPLETI
CONTRACTUS) 678
21.2.3 SUSPENSION OF OBLIGATIONS 682
21.2.4 COUNTERMEASURES BY AN INJURED STATE 684 21.2.4.1 THE SCOPE AND
OBJECT OF COUNTERMEASURES 686
21.2.4.2 PROHIBITED COUNTERMEASURES 688 21.2.4.3 PROPORTIONALITY 697
21.2.4.4 PROCEDURAL INCIDENTS OF COUNTERMEASURES 700
21.2.4.5 TERMINATION OF COUNTERMEASURES 702 21.2.5 COLLECTIVE
COUNTERMEASURES 703
21.3 ISSUES OF RESPONSIBILITY IN THE SECURITY COUNCIL AND OTHER
INTERNATIONAL FORUMS 706
APPENDICES 712
APPENDIX 1 ILC ARTICLES ON THE RESPONSIBILITY OF STATES FOR
INTERNATIONALLY WRONGFUL ACTS (2001) 712
IMAGE 14
XX CONTENTS
APPENDIX 2 GENERAL ASSEMBLY RESOLUTIONS CONCERNING
THE ARTICLES ON STATE RESPONSIBILITY FOR INTERNATIONALLY WRONGFUL ACTS
724
GENERAL ASSEMBLY RESOLUTION 56/83,12 DECEMBER 2001 724 GENERAL ASSEMBLY
RESOLUTION 59/35, 2 DECEMBER 2004 725 GENERAL ASSEMBLY RESOLUTION 62/61,
6 DECEMBER 2007 726
GENERAL ASSEMBLY RESOLUTION 65/19, 6 DECEMBER 2010 727
APPENDIX 3 ILC DRAFT ARTICLES ON DIPLOMATIC PROTECTION (2006) 728
APPENDIX 4 ILC DRAFT ARTICLES ON STATE RESPONSIBILITY (AS PROPOSED BY F.
V. GARCFA-AMADOR, 1961) 733
APPENDIX 5 ILC DRAFT ARTICLES ON STATE RESPONSIBILITY (AS ADOPTED ON
FIRST READING, 1996) 743
APPENDIX 6 ILC DRAFT ARTICLES ON RESPONSIBILITY OF INTERNATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS (2011) 761
BIBLIOGRAPHY 778
INDEX 808
|
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV041227113 |
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| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)856874088 (DE-599)BVBBV041227113 |
| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV041227113 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:42:33Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780521822664 9781107477780 |
| language | English |
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| oclc_num | 856874088 |
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| physical | lxxiv, 825 Seiten |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publishDateSearch | 2013 |
| publishDateSort | 2013 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
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| series2 | Cambridge studies in international and comparative law |
| spelling | Crawford, James 1948-2021 Verfasser (DE-588)128627514 aut State responsibility the general part James Crawford Cambridge Cambridge University Press 2013 lxxiv, 825 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Cambridge studies in international and comparative law Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke Völkerrecht (DE-588)4063693-8 gnd rswk-swf Haftung (DE-588)4022898-8 gnd rswk-swf Völkerrecht (DE-588)4063693-8 s Haftung (DE-588)4022898-8 s DE-604 SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026201569&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Crawford, James 1948-2021 State responsibility the general part Völkerrecht (DE-588)4063693-8 gnd Haftung (DE-588)4022898-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4063693-8 (DE-588)4022898-8 |
| title | State responsibility the general part |
| title_auth | State responsibility the general part |
| title_exact_search | State responsibility the general part |
| title_full | State responsibility the general part James Crawford |
| title_fullStr | State responsibility the general part James Crawford |
| title_full_unstemmed | State responsibility the general part James Crawford |
| title_short | State responsibility |
| title_sort | state responsibility the general part |
| title_sub | the general part |
| topic | Völkerrecht (DE-588)4063693-8 gnd Haftung (DE-588)4022898-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Völkerrecht Haftung |
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