Rethinking money laundering & financing of terrorism in international law: towards a new global legal order
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Leiden [u.a.]
Nijhoff
2013
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXXIV, 472 S. |
| ISBN: | 9789004207141 9789004207158 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Rethinking money laundering & financing of terrorism in international law |b towards a new global legal order |c by Roberto Durrieu |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Rethinking money laundering and financing of terrorism in international law |
| 264 | 1 | |a Leiden [u.a.] |b Nijhoff |c 2013 | |
| 300 | |a XXXIV, 472 S. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 502 | |a Teilw. zugl.: Oxford, Univ., Diss. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804150553343688704 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Rethinking money laundering financing of terrorism in international law
Autor: Durrieu, Roberto
Jahr: 2013
CONTENTS
Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................... xi
Foreword ....................................................................................................................... xv
Note About Formatting ............................................................................................. xvii
List of Abbreviations .................................................................................................. xix
Table of Cases .............................................................................................................. xxi
Table of Legislation .................................................................................................... xxvii
Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1
PARTI
THE MAIN EXTRA-LEGAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS CONCERNING MONEY
LAUNDERING FINANCING OF TERRORISM
Chapter I: The Main Extra-Legal Factors ............................................................ 13
1. Overview ............................................................................................................. 13
2. What Is Money Laundering*? ...................................................................... 13
3. How Does Money Laundering Operate? .................................................. 21
3.1. Why Do Criminals Choose Money Laundering? ........................... 22
3.2. Understanding the Stages of a Money Laundering Process ...... 30
3.3. The Intemationalization of Money Laundering Operations ..... 36
3.4. A Mutable and Changeable Process ................................................. 42
3.5. A White Collar Crime ............................................................................ 44
3.6. A Modern Offence .................................................................................. 45
3.7. Quantum ................................................................................................... 47
4. Evaluating the Causes and Effects of Money Laundering-Why Are
Some Markets/Territories More Attractive Than Others to Submit
Criminal Assets for Laundering? ................................................................. 49
5. Money Laundering and Its Nexus with the FinancingofTerrorism ..... 66
6. The Link or Nexus between Money Laundering and Money Dirtying
Operations .............................................................................................................. 72
Chapter II: Architecture ofthe International Legal Order against Money
Laundering Financing of Terrorism ................................................................ 75
1. Overview ................................................................................................................. 75
2. Reasons for TaMng Legal Actions against Money Laundering
Financing of Terrorism ....................................................................................... 75
2.1. Why Prohibit Money Laundering? ......................................................... 76
2.2. Why Prohibit Financing of Terrorism ? ................................................ 93
3. Evolution of the International Legal Order against the Criminal
Finance .................................................................................................................... 97
3.1. The Origins of Money Laundering Law ............................................... 98
3.2. International Conventions and EU Directives (Hard Law
Instruments): Drug Trafficking, Organized Crime, Terrorism
and, Finally, Corruption ............................................................................ 104
3.2a. First Phase: Internationalization of Drug-Money
Laundering Offences ..................................................................... 104
3.2.2. Second Phase: Internationalization ofthe Anti-ML Legal
Order for Countering Organized Crime .................................. 106
3.2.3. Third Phase: After the 9/11 Attacks, the Anti-ML Legal
Order Was Expanded to Include the Financing of
Terrorism .......................................................................................... 110
3.2.4. Fourth Phase: Internationalization of Anti-Money
Laundering Norms to Control Public Corruption ................ 118
3.3. International Recommendations, Model Laws and Resolutions
(Soft Law Instruments) ............................................................................. 119
3.4. Examining the Evolution of the Global Legal Order
in Hard Law Instruments ......................................................................... 129
4. The Main Goal: To Harmonize and Integrate the Global Legal Order
against Money Laundering ............................................................................... 137
4.1. Understanding the Relevance in the Harmonization of
Anti-Money Laundering Norms in the Sphere of Hard
International Law ....................................................................................... 137
4.2. Some Inconsistencies and Problems in the Harmonization
Process: A Way Forward ........................................................................... 143
4.3. Final Comments .......................................................................................... 149
5. The Preventive-Regulatory Approach: Providing a Definition and
Analysis ofthe International Anti-Money Laundering/Countering
Financing of Terrorism (AML-CFT) System ............................................... 151
5.1. General Overview and Definition ofthe Regulatory AML-CFT
System ............................................................................................................ 151
5.2. The New AML-CFT Regulatory System and the Right to Privacy .... 169
The Punitive Approach: The Transnational Crime of ML ....................... 171
6.1. Towards a Core International Crime of Money Laundering? ..... 172
6.2. The (Too Ambiguous) Crime of Money Laundering as Drafted
in Hard Law Instruments-Reasons for Adopting a New, Less
Ambiguous and Better Structured Definition of the Treaty
Crime of ML ................................................................................................. 174
6.3. The Condition of Dual Criminality in the Context of
International Cooperation between Countries ................................. 179
PART II
A RIGHTS-BASED ANALYSIS OF MONEY LAUNDERING OFFENCES:
A GLOBAL COMPARATTVE PERSPECTIVE
Chapter III: Analysis of the Social Values Protected by Money Laundering
Offences ........................................................................................................................ 191
1. Overview ................................................................................................................. 191
2. Preliminary Comments: The Criminalization Process and the
Principle of ultima ratio of Criminal Law .................................................... 192
3. The Crime of Money Laundering: A uni-offensive Crime,
a multi-offensive Crime orNeither? ............................................................. 195
3.1. Money Laundering as a Natural Consequence or a sine qua non
Condition ofthe Predicate Offence ...................................................... 196
3.2. The Administration of Justice as the Main Social Value ................ 204
3.3. The Socio-Economic and Financial System as the Main Social
Value ............................................................................................................... 214
3.4. Stability, Sovereignty and Security of States as the Main Social
Value ............................................................................................................... 225
4. Towards an Autonomous and Multi-Oftensive Crime of Money
Laundering? ........................................................................................................... 228
5. Some Final Thoughts: The Right Way Forward .......................................... 232
Chapter IV: The Physical Element or actus reus of Money Laundering ........ 239
1. Overview ................................................................................................................. 239
2. The Actions of Laundering ............................................................................... 240
2.1. Conversion or Transfer of Proceeds of Crime and the Ulterior
Intent to Conceal These Proceeds ......................................................... 242
2.2. Concealment or Disguise of Proceeds of Crime ................................ 246
2.3. Acquisition, Possession or Use of Proceeds of Crime ..................... 249
2.4. The Criminalized Acts of Laundering in Light ofthe Harm of
Money Laundering: The Right Way Forward ..................................... 262
3. Examining the Word Property That Represents the Proceeds of
Crime ...................................................................................................................... 264
3.1. Discussing the General Features of the Word Property :
A Global Comparative Perspective ....................................................... 265
3.2. The Problem of Originated or Surrogated Proceeds of Crime
and the so-called Chain ML Process ................................................... 268
4. Key Aspects Related to the Predicate Offence of Money
Laundering ............................................................................................................. 271
4.1 Defining the Scope ofthe Predicate Offence ...................................... 272
4.1.1. A Global Comparative Analysis ofthe Legislative
Models to Define Predicate Offences ...................................... 272
4.1.2. Inconsistencies in Defining the Scope of Predicate
Offences and the Condition of Dual Criminality ................. 287
4.1.3. Towards an All-Crimes Approach to Define Predicate
Offences, but Including a Quantitative Limitation Clause
and Penalizing Smurfing Conducts as Well ......................... 288
4.1.4. Some Final Thoughts .................................................................... 290
4.2. Tax Fraud as a Predicate Offence of Money Laundering ............... 292
4.3. A Prior or Simultaneous Conviction for the Predicate Offence
as a Prerequisite for a Conviction of ML? Analysis of Different
Alternatives ................................................................................................... 302
4.4. Evaluating the Levels of Evidence to Prove the Existence of a
Predicate Offence ........................................................................................ 310
4.5. Establishing the Existence of a Predicate Offence versus the
Right to be Presumed Innocent (The Non-Reversal ofthe
Bürden of Proof) ........................................................................................ 322
4.6. Circumstantial Evidence and Its Relevance to Prove the
Existence of a Predicate Offence ........................................................... 327
5. A Debate: Administrative or Civil Offences as Predicate Offences
of Money Laundering Offences? ..................................................................... 329
6. A Final Debate: The Transferring, Laundering or Handling of Legal
Funds with the Intent to Promote the Carrying On of Criminal
Activities as a Criminal Offence ...................................................................... 331
Chapter V: The Mental or Subjective Element of Money Laundering ........... 339
1. Overview ................................................................................................................. 339
2. Defining the Levels of Mind and the Degrees of Negligence in
Common and Civil Law Systems .................................................................... 340
3. The Intentional Crime of ML: Analysis of both dolus directus/Actaaf
Knowledge and dolus evenruafo/Recklessness Levels of mens rea ...... 345
3.1. Knowledge That the Property Involved Represents the Proceeds
of Crime ......................................................................................................... 346
3.2. Knowledge of the Circumstances and Consequences of the
Acts of Laundering ..................................................................................... 352
3.3. An Ulterior and Specific Intent to Conceal or Disguise the
Proceeds ......................................................................................................... 354
4. Mistake of Fact in the Crime of Money Laundering ................................ 359
5. Proof of Knowledge and Ulterior (Specific) Intent ................................... 362
6. Is There a Place for a Negligent ML Offence? Arguments in Favor
of Only Penalizing Intentional Crimes ofML ............................................. 364
7. Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 370
Chapter VI: Should the ML Offence Apply to the Person Who Committed
the Predicate Offence? ............................................................................................. 371
1. Overview ................................................................................................................. 371
2. A Global Comparative Perspective ................................................................. 372
3. Arguments in Favor and against the Adoption of a ML Offence
That Does Not Apply to the Person(s) Who Committed the
Predicate Offence ................................................................................................. 376
4. The Non-Punishment of Self-Launderers Could Generate Impunity .... 390
5. Concluding Comments: The Supremacy of the Autonomous
Approach ................................................................................................................ 390
PART III
JURISDICTIONAL PROBLEMS OVER MONEY LAUNDERING OFFENCES
Chapter VII: Establishing Jurisdiction over Money Laundering ....................... 395
1. Overview ................................................................................................................. 395
2. The Various Forms of Jurisdiction over Money Laundering
Offences .................................................................................................................. 396
2.1. Defining the Various Forms of Jurisdiction ........................................ 396
2.2. An International Comparative Analysis .............................................. 399
3. The Condition of Dual Criminality in the Context of Predicate
Offences Perpetrated in a Foreign Country or Territory ......................... 401
4. The Inclusion of Extra-Territorial Jurisdiction over ML Offences
at the Domestic Level ......................................................................................... 408
4.1. Introduction ................................................................................................. 408
4.2. The Spanish Case Study: Universal Jurisdiction over
ML Offences (Article 301 (4) ofthe Spanish Penal Code) ............ 409
4.3. The United States Case Study: The Leading Case Pasquantino
et al. v. the US ............................................................................................. 413
4.4. Some Final Thoughts ................................................................................. 415
5. The Crime of Money Laundering within the Jurisdiction of a
Specialized International Penal Court .......................................................... 416
5.1. Introduction ................................................................................................. 416
5.2. How Is the International Criminal Court (ICC) Organized? ......... 418
5.3. The Crime of Money Laundering as a Serious and
Transnational Offence That Concerns the International
Community ................................................................................................... 420
5.4. National v. International Jurisdiction for the Prosecution of
Serious and Transnational ML Offences ............................................. 423
5.5. Examples to Include Serious and Transnational ML Offences
before the International Judiciary ......................................................... 426
Conclusions and Policy Implications ........................................................................ 429
1. Conclusions Part I ................................................................................................ 429
2. Conclusions Part II .............................................................................................. 435
3. Conclusions Part III ............................................................................................. 442
4. General Conclusions: A Way Forward .......................................................... 444
Appendix I: Relevant Money Laundering Cases ................................................... 449
Selected Bibliography .................................................................................................... 455
Index ................................................................................................................................... 467
|
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| spelling | Durrieu, Roberto 1974- Verfasser (DE-588)132685221 aut Rethinking money laundering & financing of terrorism in international law towards a new global legal order by Roberto Durrieu Rethinking money laundering and financing of terrorism in international law Leiden [u.a.] Nijhoff 2013 XXXIV, 472 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Teilw. zugl.: Oxford, Univ., Diss. (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026126694&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Durrieu, Roberto 1974- Rethinking money laundering & financing of terrorism in international law towards a new global legal order |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Rethinking money laundering & financing of terrorism in international law towards a new global legal order |
| title_alt | Rethinking money laundering and financing of terrorism in international law |
| title_auth | Rethinking money laundering & financing of terrorism in international law towards a new global legal order |
| title_exact_search | Rethinking money laundering & financing of terrorism in international law towards a new global legal order |
| title_full | Rethinking money laundering & financing of terrorism in international law towards a new global legal order by Roberto Durrieu |
| title_fullStr | Rethinking money laundering & financing of terrorism in international law towards a new global legal order by Roberto Durrieu |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rethinking money laundering & financing of terrorism in international law towards a new global legal order by Roberto Durrieu |
| title_short | Rethinking money laundering & financing of terrorism in international law |
| title_sort | rethinking money laundering financing of terrorism in international law towards a new global legal order |
| title_sub | towards a new global legal order |
| topic_facet | Hochschulschrift |
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