Ancient synagogues - archaeology and art: new discoveries and current research
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
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Leiden [u.a.]
Brill
2013
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| Series: | Handbuch der Orientalistik. Erste Abteilung, Der Nahe und Mittlere Osten
volume 105 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XXXIV, 738 S., [32] Bl. zahlr. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9789004257733 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Ancient synagogues - archaeology and art |b new discoveries and current research |c by Rachel Hachlili |
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| _version_ | 1804150514874580992 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Ancient synagogues - archaeology and art
Autor: Hachlili, Rachel
Jahr: 2013
CONTENTS
List of Figures ...................................................................................................................................................... xv
Figure Credits ...................................................................................................................................................... xxix
List of Tables ....................................................................................................................................................... xxxi
Preface ................................................................................................................................................................... xxxiii
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 1
I The Synagogue ............................................................................................................................................. 5
1. The Synagogue and the Temple ...................................................................................................... 5
2. The Origin and History of the Synagogue .................................................................................... 6
2.1 Textual and Epigraphic Evidence ......................................................................................... 7
2.2 Terms for Synagogue Found in Inscriptions ..................................................................... 10
3. The Emergence of the Synagogue ................................................................................................... 13
3.1 Synagogue Activities ................................................................................................................. 16
3.2 Administration of the Synagogue ......................................................................................... 17
3.3 Community Officials Cited on Dedication Inscriptions ................................................ 18
4. Conclusions ............................................................................................................................................ 20
II Second Temple Period Synagogues ...................................................................................................... 23
1. Description of the Second Temple Structures ............................................................................ 23
1.1 Capernaum .................................................................................................................................. 23
1.2 H. Et-Tuwani............................................................................................................................... 26
1.3 Gamla ............................................................................................................................................ 26
1.4 Herodium ..................................................................................................................................... 28
1.5 Jericho ........................................................................................................................................... 28
1.6 Korazim ......................................................................................................................................... 30
1.7 Masada .......................................................................................................................................... 30
1.8 Migdall ......................................................................................................................................... 33
1.9 Modi in—Hurvat Umm el-Umdan ....................................................................................... 34
1.10 QiryatSefer .................................................................................................................................. 34
1.11 HorvatcEthri ................................................................................................................................ 36
1.12 HorvatBurnat ............................................................................................................................. 36
1.13 Qumran ......................................................................................................................................... 37
1.14 Migdalll ....................................................................................................................................... 37
1.15 Shuafat .......................................................................................................................................... 39
1.16 Ornamentation ........................................................................................................................... 39
2. The Architectural Features of the Structures .............................................................................. 43
2.1 Characteristic Features of Synagogues of the Second Temple Period ...................... 43
2.2 Origin of the Second Temple Synagogues Architectural Plan ..................................... 45
2.3 Relations between the Jerusalem Temple and the Second Temple Structures ..... 46
3. Function of the Second Temple Synagogue Structures ............................................................ 46
4. Concluding Remarks ........................................................................................................................... 50
HI Recently Excavated and Newly Published Synagogues ................................................................ 55
1. Early Synagogues ................................................................................................................................ 55
1.1 Nabratein Synagogue .............................................................................................................. 56
1.2 cEn Gedi Synagogue I .............................................................................................................. 56
1.3 Eshtemoal ................................................................................................................................. 58
1.4 H. Rimmon I (Stratum TV) .................................................................................................... 58
1.5 Kafr Misr I .................................................................................................................................. 58
2. Galilean Synagogues .......................................................................................................................... 59
2.1 Arbel ............................................................................................................................................. 59
2.2 Bar am .......................................................................................................................................... 60
2.3 Capernaum ................................................................................................................................. 61
2.4 GushHalav ................................................................................................................................. 63
2.5 Hamam, Hurvat Wadi ............................................................................................................. 64
2.6 Huqoq .......................................................................................................................................... 66
2.7 Kafr Misr ..................................................................................................................................... 67
2.8 Korazim ....................................................................................................................................... 69
2.9 Meroth ......................................................................................................................................... 69
2.10 Nabratein .................................................................................................................................... 72
2.11 HorvatShem a ........................................................................................................................... 73
2.12 The Tiberias Group .................................................................................................................. 73
2.13 Sepphoris .................................................................................................................................... 76
3. Qasrin .................................................................................................................................................... 79
3.1 Synagogue I (A) ........................................................................................................................ 80
3.2 Synagogue II (B) (Stratum IVa, b) ....................................................................................... 83
3.3 Description of Architectural Elements .............................................................................. 90
3.4 Architectural Ornamentation ............................................................................................... 100
4. Golan Synagogues .............................................................................................................................. 110
4.1 Dabiyye ........................................................................................................................................ 111
4.2 Deir Aziz .................................................................................................................................... 111
4.3 cEn Nashut .................................................................................................................................. 113
4.4 H. Kanaf ...................................................................................................................................... 114
4.5 Umm el-Qanatir ....................................................................................................................... 114
4.6 Ed-Dikke ..................................................................................................................................... 116
5. South Judea Synagogues .................................................................................................................. 117
5.1 Eshtemo a ................................................................................................................................... 117
5.2 H. Susiya ...................................................................................................................................... 118
5.3 H. Anim ...................................................................................................................................... 119
5.4 H. Ma on Qudea) ...................................................................................................................... 119
5.5 Characteristic Features of South Judean Synagogues ................................................... 119
6. Other Synagogues: En Gedi, Caesarea, Sumaqa, Ma on-Nirim ........................................... 120
6.1 En Gedi ....................................................................................................................................... 120
6.2 Caesarea ...................................................................................................................................... 121
6.3 Sumaqa ........................................................................................................................................ 122
6.4 Ma on (Nirim) ........................................................................................................................... 124
7. Concluding Remarks ......................................................................................................................... 124
IV Synagogue Architecture and Ornamentation .................................................................................. 125
1. Characteristic Features of Synagogue Architecture ................................................................. 125
1.1 The Facade .................................................................................................................................. 125
1.2 Interior Architecture ................................................................................................................ 139
1.3 The Gallery .................................................................................................................................. 151
2. Characteristic Features of Galilean and Golan Synagogues .................................................. 155
2.1 Galilean Synagogues ................................................................................................................ 155
2.2 Spolia in Galilean Synagogue ................................................................................................ 156
2.3 Characteristic Features of Golan Synagogues .................................................................. 157
2.4 Architecture and Art: A Comparison of Galilean and Golan Synagogues .............. 161
3. The Torah Shrine ................................................................................................................................ 163
3.1 The Torah Shrine Structure ................................................................................................... 163
3.2 Types of Torah Shrines ............................................................................................................ 168
3.3 The Form of the Torah Shrine .............................................................................................. 192
4. The Ark of the Scrolls ........................................................................................................................ 199
4.1 Inscriptions ................................................................................................................................. 199
4.2 Traces of the Ark of the Scrolls ............................................................................................ 199
4.3 The Ark of the Scrolls in Jewish Art .................................................................................... 200
5. Orientation of the Synagogue ......................................................................................................... 205
6. The Conch as Symbol of the Torah Shrine ................................................................................. 206
7. Elements Associated with the Torah Shrine .............................................................................. 209
7.1 The Curtain/Veil (Parochet) .................................................................................................. 210
7.2 Chancel Screens ........................................................................................................................ 211
7.3 The Seat of Moses ..................................................................................................................... 217
8. Conclusions .......................................................................................................................................... 220
V Synagogue Art, Significance and Impact ............................................................................................ 223
1. Architectural Ornamentation ......................................................................................................... 224
1.1 Ornate Facade of Galilean and Golan Synagogues ........................................................ 224
1.2 Ornamented Lintels ................................................................................................................. 228
2. The Art of Capernaum and Korazim ............................................................................................ 235
2.1 Capernaum ................................................................................................................................. 235
2.2 Korazim ........................................................................................................................................ 239
2.3 The Capernaum and Korazim Architectural Ornamentation Styles ........................ 243
3. Golan Art ............................................................................................................................................... 246
3.1 Composition and Style of Architectural Ornamentation ............................................. 248
4. Wall and Floor Decoration .............................................................................................................. 249
4.1 Frescos .......................................................................................................................................... 249
4.2 Floor Decoration ....................................................................................................................... 250
5. Mosaic Pavements Art ...................................................................................................................... 251
5.1 Mosaics in Galilean and Golan Synagogues ..................................................................... 251
5.2 Mosaic Floor Composition and Style .................................................................................. 254
5.3 The Decorative Schemes of the Nave Carpets ................................................................. 256
5.4 Iconographically-Decorated Functional Mosaic Floors ................................................ 272
6. Unidentical Symmetrical Composition ........................................................................................ 273
7. Iconoclasm ............................................................................................................................................ 276
7.1 Iconoclasm in Synagogues ..................................................................................................... 276
8. Concluding Remarks .......................................................................................................................... 282
VI Jewish Symbols ....................................................................................................................................... 285
1. The Jewish Symbols Panel ............................................................................................................ 286
2. The Menorah—Light, Cult, and Symbol .................................................................................. 292
2.1 The Menorah of the Second Temple Period ................................................................. 294
2.2 The Menorah on Second Temple Period Artifacts ...................................................... 295
2.3 The Menorah in the Synagogue ........................................................................................ 301
2.4 Free-Standing, Three-Dimensional Menoroth .............................................................. 302
2.5 Depictions of the Menorah and Its Function in the Synagogues ........................... 307
2.6 The Menorah as a Symbol .................................................................................................. 312
2.7 The Form of the Menorah .................................................................................................. 318
2.8 The Significance and Symbolism of the Menorah ...................................................... 322
3. The Ritual Objects Accompanying the Menorah .................................................................. 324
3.1 TheLulav ................................................................................................................................. 325
3.2 The Ethrog: Citron ................................................................................................................ 327
3.3 The Shofar: A Ram s Horn .................................................................................................. 328
3.4 The Incense Shovel ............................................................................................................... 328
4. Other Accompanying Ritual Objects ......................................................................................... 330
4.1 The Hanging (Suspended) Lamp...................................................................................... 330
4.2 The Showbread Table ........................................................................................................... 334
4.3 Menoroth Discovered Recently in Israel and the Diaspora ..................................... 335
5. Conclusions ....................................................................................................................................... 338
VII The Jewish Calendar Represented in the Zodiac Design ............................................................ 339
1. The Calendar ..................................................................................................................................... 339
1.1 The Gezer Calendar .............................................................................................................. 340
2. The Zodiac in Jewish Art ............................................................................................................... 345
2.1 The Zodiac Panel Design in Synagogues ........................................................................ 346
2.2 The Four Seasons: The Outer Square Frame ................................................................ 354
2.3 The Signs of the Zodiac: The Outer Circle .................................................................... 358
2.4 The Zodiac Signs .................................................................................................................... 361
2.5 The Sun God, Moon and Stars: The Central (Inner) Circle ...................................... 366
2.6 Comparable Zodiac Designs .............................................................................................. 373
2.7 The Zodiac in Later Jewish Art (13th-19th c.) .............................................................. 382
3. Meaning and Significance ............................................................................................................. 386
VIII Illustrated Biblical Tales ...................................................................................................................... 389
1. Biblical Narrative Scenes ............................................................................................................... 389
1.1 The Binding of Isaac (the Aqedah) .................................................................................. 390
1.2 The Hand of God ................................................................................................................... 397
1.3 The Visit of the Angels to Abraham and Sarah ........................................................... 401
1.4 Noah s Ark ............................................................................................................................... 402
1.5 Three Biblical Narrative Scenes at Wadi Hamam: The Temple Construction,
Samson in a Battle Scene, and the Exodus
1.6 The Temple Construction Scene ...................................................................................... 407
1.7 A Battle Scene—Samson and the Philistines ............................................................... 409
1.8 Exodus—The Maritime Scene ........................................................................................... 410
1.9 Samson Placing Torches between the Tails of Foxes, Huqoq ................................. 412
2. Prominent and Notable Figures ...................................................................................................... 414
2.1 King David .................................................................................................................................. 414
2.2 David with Goliath s Weapons ............................................................................................. 417
2.3 Daniel in the Lions Den ........................................................................................................ 418
3. Symbolization of Historical Events and Divine Intervention ................................................ 420
3.1 The End of Days ........................................................................................................................ 421
3.2 The Twelve Tribes .................................................................................................................... 422
3.3 The Consecration of the Tabernacle, its Vessels, Aaron, and the Daily
Offerings ...................................................................................................................................... 425
3.4 The Style and Composition of the Biblical Illustrated Tales ...................................... 428
4. Origin, Interpretation, and Significance of the Biblical Themes .......................................... 428
IX Motifs in Jewish Synagogue Art ........................................................................................................... 435
1. Fauna—Animal Motifs ...................................................................................................................... 435
1.1 Lions and Lionesses ................................................................................................................. 436
1.2 The Eagle ..................................................................................................................................... 447
1.3 The Bull/Ox ................................................................................................................................ 455
1.4 Horned Animals ........................................................................................................................ 456
1.5 Animal Chase Theme .............................................................................................................. 456
2. The Human Figure .............................................................................................................................. 456
3. Genre Motifs ......................................................................................................................................... 460
4. Birds ......................................................................................................................................................... 461
4.1 The Bird-in-Cage ....................................................................................................................... 464
4.2 Peacocks ...................................................................................................................................... 464
4.3 Fish and Dolphins .................................................................................................................... 466
5. Mythological Motifs ............................................................................................................................ 466
6. Flora—Plant Ornaments ................................................................................................................... 470
6.1 The Vine ...................................................................................................................................... 470
6.2 The Wreath ................................................................................................................................. 470
6.3 The Garland ............................................................................................................................... 471
7. Selected Geometric Ornaments ...................................................................................................... 471
7.1 The Rosette ................................................................................................................................. 471
7.2 Inhabited Double Meander ................................................................................................... 471
X Artists, Workshops and Repertoire ..................................................................................................... 473
1. Artists and Mosaicists Identified by Inscriptions ...................................................................... 474
1.1 Jewish Artists ............................................................................................................................. 481
2. Galilee and Golan Artists and Workshops .................................................................................. 482
2.1 The Capernaum Artists and Workshops ........................................................................... 483
2.2 The Korazim Workshops and Artists ................................................................................. 485
2.3 Golan Artists .............................................................................................................................. 488
3. Artists, Mosaicists, and Workshops of Mosaic Pavements ..................................................... 489
3.1 The Hammath Tiberias B Synagogue Artists ................................................................... 490
3.2 The Wadi Hamam Synagogue Mosaicists ......................................................................... 493
3.3 The Sepphoris Synagogue Mosaicists ................................................................................. 493
3.4 The Beth Alpha Synagogue Mosaicists .............................................................................. 496
3.5 The Gaza-Maiumas Mosaicists and Workshop ............................................................... 500
3.6 The Beth She an Workshop ................................................................................................... 503
3.7 The Ma on-Nirim and Be er Shem a Workshop .............................................................. 507
4. The Repertory Sources and their Sequence ................................................................................ 508
4.1 Jewish Pattern Books ............................................................................................................... 511
5. Concluding Remarks .......................................................................................................................... 513
XI Inscriptions .............................................................................................................................................. 517
1. Dedicatory Inscriptions .................................................................................................................. 517
1.1 Donors Professions and Occupations ............................................................................. 519
2. Literary Texts ..................................................................................................................................... 520
3. Unique Inscriptions ......................................................................................................................... 523
3.1 Theodotus Inscription .......................................................................................................... 523
3.2 Qazion Inscription ................................................................................................................. 526
3.3 The List of the Twenty-Four Priestly Courses .............................................................. 527
3.4 The Inscription on the Chair of Moses ........................................................................... 531
4. Explanatory Inscriptions ................................................................................................................ 532
4.1 Inscriptions Citing Biblical Verses .................................................................................... 532
5. Location of Inscriptions in Synagogue Design ........................................................................ 534
5.1 Inscriptions with Dates ........................................................................................................ 536
6. Epithets and Appellation ............................................................................................................... 536
6.1 Concluding Remarks ............................................................................................................. 537
7. Amulets ................................................................................................................................................ 537
XII Coins and the Synagogue .................................................................................................................... 539
1. Numismatic Evidence: Coins Discovered in Synagogues ..................................................... 540
1.1 Sites ............................................................................................................................................ 540
1.2 Early Coins in Synagogue Deposits .................................................................................. 555
1.3 The Currency of the 5th c. CE ........................................................................................... 556
2. Value and Purchasing Power of Money ..................................................................................... 556
2.1 Purchasing Power of the Money ....................................................................................... 557
3. Coin Collections—Categories and Types ................................................................................. 559
3.1 Hoards ....................................................................................................................................... 559
3.2 Caches, Treasuries, Community Boxes ........................................................................... 560
3.3 Coin Assemblages: Large Numbers of Coins Assembled over Long Periods
and Placed in Hiding Places or Buried in the Fill or Foundations ........................ 560
3.4 Small Groups of Scattered Coins ...................................................................................... 562
3.5 Coins Placed in the Torah Shrine Area Possibly Serving as a Geniza ................... 562
4. Coins in Context: Discussion and Interpretation ................................................................... 562
XIII Women ..................................................................................................................................................... 567
1. Images and Representations of Women ................................................................................... 567
1.1 The Zodiac Sign of Virgo ..................................................................................................... 567
1.2 The Seasons ............................................................................................................................. 570
1.3 The Jewelry and Attire of Female Figures ..................................................................... 574
1.4 Head Ornamentation ............................................................................................................ 574
1.5 Neck Ornamentation ............................................................................................................ 576
1.6 Attire .......................................................................................................................................... 577
2. Women s Status in the Ancient Synagogue .............................................................................. 578
2.1 Women in the Synagogue ................................................................................................... 579
2.2 Did Women Participate in a Special Section of the Synagogue Building,
Separately from Men? .......................................................................................................... 579
2.3 Women in Office .................................................................................................................... 580
2.4 Women Donors ...................................................................................................................... 581
XIV Dating ....................................................................................................................................................... 583
1. Synagogues Dated by Inscriptions ............................................................................................. 583
2. Dating Galilean Synagogues ......................................................................................................... 586
2.1 Dating of the Upper Galilee Synagogues ....................................................................... 586
2.2 Other Galilean Synagogues ................................................................................................ 589
2.3 Dating of the East Lower Galilee Synagogues .............................................................. 594
3. Dating Golan Synagogues ............................................................................................................. 595
3.1 Qasrin ....................................................................................................................................... 595
3.2 Dabiyye ..................................................................................................................................... 597
3.3 Deir Aziz ................................................................................................................................. 597
3.4 EnNashut ............................................................................................................................... 597
3.5 Kanaf ......................................................................................................................................... 598
3.6 Umm el-Qanatir .................................................................................................................... 598
4. Dating of Other Synagogues ......................................................................................................... 598
4.1 Hammath Tiberias A ............................................................................................................ 598
4.2 Ma ozHayyim ........................................................................................................................ 599
4.3 South Judean Synagogues ................................................................................................... 599
4.4 En Gedi .................................................................................................................................... 599
4.5 Ma on(Nirim) ........................................................................................................................ 600
5. Discussion .......................................................................................................................................... 600
5.1 Dating of the Galilean Synagogues .................................................................................. 600
5.2 Dating the Golan Synagogues ........................................................................................... 603
5.3 Chronological Development of the Synagogues by Artistic and Stylistic
Decor ......................................................................................................................................... 605
XV Conclusions ............................................................................................................................................. 609
Supplement: Qazion—A Galilean Riddle ................................................................................................... 617
1. The Qazion Complex: The Monumental Main Cultic Building, the Pools, and the
Western Structure ............................................................................................................................ 621
1.1 The Northern Facade ........................................................................................................... 622
1.2 The Western Facade ............................................................................................................. 630
1.3 The Hall .................................................................................................................................... 633
1.4 The Pools and Causeway .................................................................................................... 640
1.5 Entrance to the Qazion Main Building .......................................................................... 642
1.6 The Western Structure and Altar ..................................................................................... 643
2. Architectural Elements and Decoration ................................................................................... 644
3. The Finds ............................................................................................................................................ 652
3.1 The Pottery .............................................................................................................................. 652
3.2 The Coins ................................................................................................................................. 659
4. The Inscribed Lintel ........................................................................................................................ 661
4.1 The Inscription ...................................................................................................................... 662
4.2 Dating of the Inscription .................................................................................................... 664
4.3 The Qazion Inscription in Context ................................................................................. 665
5. Qazion in Context ........................................................................................................................... 667
5.1 Dating of the Qazion Monumental Complex ............................................................... 668
6. Interpretation and Significance of the Qazion Structure .................................................... 669
7. Concluding Remarks ....................................................................................................................... 675
Qazion Appendix: List of Loci .................................................................................................................. 676
Qazion Bibliography .................................................................................................................................... 677
List of Synagogue Excavations ....................................................................................................................... 683
List of Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................................... 685
Bibliography ........................................................................................................................................................ 687
Glossary ................................................................................................................................................................. 715
Index ...................................................................................................................................................................... 717
Index of Sources ................................................................................................................................................. 735
Color Plates ............................................................................................................................................following 738
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Ḥakhlili, Raḥel 1935-2019 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1043594469 |
| author_facet | Ḥakhlili, Raḥel 1935-2019 |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Ḥakhlili, Raḥel 1935-2019 |
| author_variant | r ḥ rḥ |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV041124678 |
| classification_rvk | BC 8750 BD 2700 BE 1630 EL 7950 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)862797128 (DE-599)BVBBV041124678 |
| discipline | Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen Literaturwissenschaft Theologie / Religionswissenschaften |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Israel Altertum (DE-588)4072956-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Israel Altertum |
| id | DE-604.BV041124678 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:40:08Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789004257733 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-026100626 |
| oclc_num | 862797128 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-703 DE-29 DE-12 DE-11 DE-20 DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-703 DE-29 DE-12 DE-11 DE-20 DE-188 |
| physical | XXXIV, 738 S., [32] Bl. zahlr. Ill., Kt. |
| psigel | gbd_JL_Z1901 |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publishDateSearch | 2013 |
| publishDateSort | 2013 |
| publisher | Brill |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Handbuch der Orientalistik. Erste Abteilung, Der Nahe und Mittlere Osten |
| series2 | Handbuch der Orientalistik. Erste Abteilung, Der Nahe und Mittlere Osten |
| spelling | Ḥakhlili, Raḥel 1935-2019 Verfasser (DE-588)1043594469 aut Ancient synagogues - archaeology and art new discoveries and current research by Rachel Hachlili Leiden [u.a.] Brill 2013 XXXIV, 738 S., [32] Bl. zahlr. Ill., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Handbuch der Orientalistik. Erste Abteilung, Der Nahe und Mittlere Osten volume 105 Synagoge (DE-588)4184221-2 gnd rswk-swf Israel Altertum (DE-588)4072956-4 gnd rswk-swf Israel Altertum (DE-588)4072956-4 g Synagoge (DE-588)4184221-2 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-90-04-25772-6 (DE-604)BV044571954 Handbuch der Orientalistik. Erste Abteilung, Der Nahe und Mittlere Osten volume 105 (DE-604)BV000159443 105 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026100626&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Ḥakhlili, Raḥel 1935-2019 Ancient synagogues - archaeology and art new discoveries and current research Handbuch der Orientalistik. Erste Abteilung, Der Nahe und Mittlere Osten Synagoge (DE-588)4184221-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4184221-2 (DE-588)4072956-4 |
| title | Ancient synagogues - archaeology and art new discoveries and current research |
| title_auth | Ancient synagogues - archaeology and art new discoveries and current research |
| title_exact_search | Ancient synagogues - archaeology and art new discoveries and current research |
| title_full | Ancient synagogues - archaeology and art new discoveries and current research by Rachel Hachlili |
| title_fullStr | Ancient synagogues - archaeology and art new discoveries and current research by Rachel Hachlili |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ancient synagogues - archaeology and art new discoveries and current research by Rachel Hachlili |
| title_short | Ancient synagogues - archaeology and art |
| title_sort | ancient synagogues archaeology and art new discoveries and current research |
| title_sub | new discoveries and current research |
| topic | Synagoge (DE-588)4184221-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Synagoge Israel Altertum |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026100626&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000159443 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hakhlilirahel ancientsynagoguesarchaeologyandartnewdiscoveriesandcurrentresearch |