Strumica i Strumičko vo srednovekovieto: (VI - XIV vek)
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Macedonian |
| Published: |
Skopje
Stigmapres
2011
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Item Description: | In kyrill. Schr., mazedon. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Physical Description: | 263 S. |
| ISBN: | 9789989361586 |
Staff View
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV040968381 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20140916 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 130425s2011 |||| 00||| mac d | ||
| 020 | |a 9789989361586 |9 978-9989-36-158-6 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)891524915 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV040968381 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a mac | |
| 049 | |a DE-12 | ||
| 084 | |a 7,41 |2 ssgn | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Stefoska, Irena |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1058206877 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Strumica i Strumičko vo srednovekovieto |b (VI - XIV vek) |c Irena Stefoska |
| 264 | 1 | |a Skopje |b Stigmapres |c 2011 | |
| 300 | |a 263 S. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a In kyrill. Schr., mazedon. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 600-1400 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Strumica |z Region |0 (DE-588)4534143-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Strumica |z Region |0 (DE-588)4534143-6 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Geschichte 600-1400 |A z |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025946617&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025946617&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
| 940 | 1 | |n oe | |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025946617 | ||
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 307.09 |e 22/bsb |f 0902 |g 4976 |
Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804150281863168000 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | СОДРЖИНА
Увод
во
проблемот на
истражувањето
...................... 5
Уводна глава
Карактеристики на климатско-географскиот
регион
................................................................................ 9
Прва глава
Струмица и Струмичко од
VI
до средината
на
IX
век
............................................................................ 19
1.1.
Двете
имиња
на еден град:
Струмица
—
Тивериополис
............................................................ 19
1.2.
Населуваньето на Словените и
склавинијата
на
Стримонците
............................................................. 38
Втора глава
Струмица
и
Струмичко
во
IX
и
X
век
......................... 69
2.1.
Струмица
и Струмичко во состав на првата
бугарска држава
....................................................... 69
2.2.
Струмичката област
во Самоиловата
држава
и битката на Беласица
............................................ 91
Трета глава
Струмица под византиска власт
(XI
— XII
век)
.......... 107
3.1.
Административно
уредување
во
рамките
на тематскиот систем
............................................. 107
3.2.
За византискиот феудализам и неговите
рефлексии
во Струмичката
област
...................... 124
Четврта глава
Струмица и Струмичко
во
XIII
и
XIV
век
.................. 143
4.1.
Локалните господари: Добромир Хрс и Стрез..
143
362
4.2.
Промени на политичката власт (Епирци,
Бугари,
Византија)
................................................... 157
4.3.
Струмичката област
во
времето на српските
освојувања
на
Македонија
(1283-1355
год.)......
168
4.3.
Браќата Јован
и Константин Драгаш (втора
половина на
XIV
век)
............................................... 193
4.4.
Социјално-економските
прилики во
Струмичката облает во
XIII
и
XIV
век
(Манастирски и други имоти
во Струмичката
облает)
........................................................................ 216
Петта глава
Црковни
состој
би............................................................
247
5.1.
Процесот на
христијанизација
на Словените
во
Македонија,
со акцент на Струмичката
облает
......................................................................... 247
5.2.
Струмичката
епископиј
a (X1-XIV
век)
................. 261
5.3.
Црквите и
манастирите
во Струмичката
облает
........................................................................ 273
Краток
преглед
и
идентификација
на
селата
и
селиштата во Струмичкиот регион
............................. 283
ЕПИЛОГ
........................................................................... 293
SUMMARY........................................................................
305
Библиографија
............................................................... 315
Индекс
.............................................................................. 351
363
SUMMARY
The town of Strumica and the Strum
i ca
region are
looked at in the context of medieval political, social, cultural,
ecclesiastic and other circumstances between the 6th and the
1
4th
centuries. Situated by the navigable river Strymon/Struma, and in
a geographical and climatic milieu that provided the people, the
city and its surrounding settlements with livelihood, it stood as a
travelers and traders junction in eastern Macedonia.
Ancient sources in the region where Strumica is situated
today mention two cities, Astraion and Doberos. One can, with a
great degree of certainty, postulate that near one of these two
towns, the Slavs founded a city in the Middle Ages that later
Byzantine sources refer to as Tiberiopolis. Nevertheless, the
scarce contemporary sources does not allow one to say precisely
whether even before the Slavs had arrived there was a city called
Tiberiopolis or whether this toponym is maybe the product of the
Middle Age imagination influenced by the cult of the Holy
Fifteen Martyrs of Tiberiopolis. Despite the enigma of the origin
of the two names of the city Strumica/Tiberiopolis, both
toponyms were used
-
sometimes separately, and sometimes
conjointly. In a symbolic sense, they reflect both traditions
(Slavic and Byzantine) that come in and out of contact,
especially through their linguistic variants.
The early Slavic history of the Strumica region, for
which there are no direct written sources, is examined indirectly,
in the context of the Slavic settlements of Macedonia and the
Slavic relations with the Byzantine institutions. The history of
the Strumica region between the 7th and the 9th centuries can be
brought into a correlation with the sclavinia of the Strymon
valley. Some of these Slavs probably inhabited some regions
305
around the river Strumica, whose name metonymically became
the name of the city.
In the second half of the 9th century, in accordance with
the political shifts in the Balkans, Strumica and the surrounding
region became a part of the Bulgarian state. A scene from
tlie
hagiography of the Fifteen Martyrs of Tiberiopolis depicting the
transport of the relics of several Strumica/Tiberiopolis martyrs to
the newly founded episcopacy on the Bregalnica river (near the
end of the 9th century) is a confirmation that during that
particular period Strumica and the surrounding region were a part
of the Bulgarian State.
After the collapse of the Bulgarian state in
971,
the
Byzantine Empire entered in a conflict with the new political
entity on the Balkan Peninsula, Samoil s state. Strumica and the
surrounding region were a military, administrative and probably
an episcopal seat within the borders of the Samoil s state.
Byzantine sources witness that during the exhausting military
confrontations between the armies of Emperor Basil II and those
of Samoil, the incarcerated regent of
Thessaloniki,
John of
Haidia was
brought to the prison within the fortress of Strumica.
Nevertheless, the surrounding region attained its greatest fame
with the well-known Battle on Mount Belasica in
1014.
The
importance of this region for Samoil s state, in a military and
strategic sense, can be seen in the fact that after the battle, the
dux of
Thessalon
ica, Theophylact Botaniates, was ordered to
burn down the ramparts on the hills around Strumica. It is
notable that Strumica was not lost even once to the Byzantine
Empire until the final defeat of Samoil s armies.
The triumph of Basil II opened the door for a Byzantine
expansion on the Balkan Peninsula. Unlike the time of the rise of
the thematic system (7th-
10ш
centuries), the 11th century is
characterized by a variety of administrative units. The central
regions of Samoil s state were administratively organized as
theme/katepanat called Bulgaria. It can be postulated that until
the first concrete reference in the sources as a theme, Strumica
306
had the status of a smaller administrative unit within the great
theme
-
the katepanat of Bulgaria, and sometimes even within
the theme of Strymon. Relevant data on the status of Strumica as
a theme within the borders of the Byzantine administrative
apparatus is, of course, its mention as such, in the Charter of
Emperor Alexios
I Komnenos
in
1106.
Within the borders of the
theme of Strumica were at least a few more (Slavic) archontias
representing lower legislative territorial units, which covered as
far as a few villages. In the process of the renewal of the power
of these former sclavinias, the Byzantine Empire accepted and
legitimated the existing Slavic organization, and therein adapted
it to its own administrative system and certainly to its own
terminology. The theme of Strumica functioned during the 12th
century and is not mentioned as such in the sources of the next
epoch.
The reflections of the Byzantine feudalism in Strumica
and the surrounding region in the
1
1th and 12th centuries show the
property related to church and monastic estates. An especially
precious example is the archive of the monastery dedicated to the
Holy Mother of God Eleousa (of Mercy), near Strumica. In
1085,
its founder, monk Manuel, took the precaution of obtaining from
Emperor Alexios
I Komnenos
a chrysobuli that granted his
foundation exemption from all public charges and independence
from all civil and religious authorities. In the second chrysobuli
issued in
1106,
Alexios
I Komnenos
granted the monastery
12
peasants (parokioi), freed of all fiscal obligations to the state.
Emperor Manuel
I Komnenos
(1152
and
1159),
issued several
documents in favor of the Holy Mother of God Eleousa and
confirmed all the monastery s privileges. In May
1160,
Manuel
awarded the monastery an annual income of thiity nomismata
from the local tax revenues.
The appearance of the institution of appanages during the
era of the Komnenoi is yet another important feature of the
Byzantine feudalism. Among a few known examples of
territorial appanages that appeared on the periphery of the
307
Empire
is the one of John Rogerius, brother-in-law of the eldest
sister of Manuel
I Komnenos.
Rogerius was feudal lord of a large
appanaged estate east of the river
Vardar
that included Strumica
and the surrounding region, along with its own officials and a
vestiarion.
The history of Strumica and the surrounding region in
the 12th and the 13th centuries is analyzed through the actions of
two local feudal lords, Dobromir Hriz and Strez. Both were
representatives of the new political and social conditions of the
Balkans in the time of the collapse of the Byzantine Empire.
Within the borders of Hriz territories, besides
Prosek,
were
Strumica and a few other fortress and villages. Unlike Hriz,
Strez s territories at the time of his zenith spread to Veroia to the
south and to Skopje to the north. The (disappearance of these
two local feudal lords from the historical scene at this pivotal
point, when feudalism on the Balkans attained reached its zenith,
impacted the outcome of the processes in Strumica and its
surrounding regions.
After the death of Strez in
1214/1215,
the city and its
surroundings were involved in the political changes on the
Balkans until they fell under the Serbian rule. The first to
conquer Strumica were the Latins, after which it entered the
Despoiate
of Epirus in
1225.
The Battle of Klokotnitsa in
1230
enabled the Bulgarian ruler Ivan
Asen
II to take charge of the
greater part of the territories previously owned by Theodore
Angelos, including both Strumica and
Prosek.
The rise of Nicaea
again changed the power dynamics in the region. In the summer
of
1246,
Strumica and the surrounding region, including other
parts of Macedonia, became part of the Empire of Nicaea. The
great victory of the Nicaeans in the Battle of Pelagonia in
1259
symbolized the legitimacy of the supremacy of Nicaea over the
Balkans. Strumica and the surrounding region once again became
part of the administrative apparatus, this time of the restored
Byzantium.
308
The epoch of the Serbian conquests of Byzantine
territories starts during the reign of king
Milutin
(Î
281-1321).
In
1284,
the Serb-Byzantine border was moved to the south and was
placed on the line going through
Kroja, Ohrid,
Prilep,
Prosek
and
Strumica.
The sources show that when the Byzantine feudal lord
Kotanitz Tornikios first heard of the Serbian success, he joined
king
Milutin.
Therefore, it is assumed that Kotanitz was a
member of the Kotanitz family, which possessed estates near
Strumica. During the unsuccessful Byzantine raid against the
Serbs in
1297,
the Byzantine poet Manuel Philes mentioned the
commander-in-chief Michael Tarchaneiotes in a poem he wrote,
where he speaks of Tarchaneiotes temporary conquests of the
Kotanitz territories,
Ovce
Pole, Morovizd, Pijanec and the
regions around Strumica.
In the second decade of the
1
4th century, one of the sons
of Theodore Metochites,
Demetrios
Angelos, was
governor of
Strumica, while his brother Michael Laskaris was governor of
Melnik. In the context of the turbulent Serb-Byzantine relations,
an especially interesting report speaks of diplomatic emissaries
sent by Emperor Andronicos II Palaiologos to the court of the
Serbian King Stephen Decanski in
1327.
The mission was
headed by the famous Byzantine historian Nikephoros Gregoras,
who left written records on the town of Strumica and its
surroundings.
Speaking of the local inhabitants who lived on the
mountains and in the Strymon valley, Gregoras seems to repeat
the old description from the time of the Strymon sclavinia,
related to their setting of ambushes and pillaging. He describes
Strumica as a small town, situated on a hill, called Strumica by
its population. The delegation celebrated Easter in Strumica; on
this occasion Gregoras descibes the Slavic inhabitants of the
town. Although they also celebrated Easter, the well-educated
Gregoras, as member of the
dellegation
emphasizes that, for
them, any and every education is nonsense, just like the rhythm
and the melody of the music of the holy liturgy.
309
The last phase of the Serb-Byzantine relations came with
the rise of Stephen
Dušan
to the Serbian throne. In
1332,
parts
from eastern and southeastern Macedonia up to the river Strytnon
were conquered, and with almost no resistance, Strumica was
conquered. Part of the estates of the feudal landlord Hreljo who
served the Serbs were on Mt. Belasica and Mt. Ograzden, so that
even the Strumica plain was under his control, in this first
conquest, Hreijo possibly played a pivotal role; with his help,
Dušan
seems to have conquered many of the towns in the area.
In the period of late feudalism, Strumica and the
surrounding region became central points within the state of the
Dragas
brothers. It is apparent that
Jovan
Dragas
was an
executive ruler, while his brother
Constantine
autonomously
ruled over the Strumica region. The fact that the largest port of
the preserved documents were issued from their office in
Strumica, where
Constantine
Dragas
resided most often, testifies
to the importance of Strumica as a political and episcopal seat in
the
Dragas
state. Four of the preserved documents were issued in
the office: one court decision and three charters on the
monasteries on Mount
Athos, Pante
leim
on, Chilandar and Iviron.
The name of the
Dragas
brothers is connected to the last
Byzantine dynasty of the Palaiologos. In
1392,
Constantine s
daughter, Elena
Dragas,
became consort to the Emperor Manuel
II Palaiologos, while her two sons
Jovan
VIII
and
Constantine
IX
were the last Byzantine emperors. The death of
Constantine
Dragas
in the Battle of
Rovin
was commemorated in the
Byzantine monastery
Petra.
The history of Strumica in the 13 th and 14th centuries
abounds with data on the political and socioeconomic situation in
this region. The surviving sources, in most cases, refer to the
estates of the monasteries on Mount
Athos,
Iviron, Chilandar and
Panteleimon in the Strumica region. The charters of the
Byzantine emperors Stefan
Dušan
and the brothers
Dragaš
give
us data on the range and character of the estates of these
monasteries, the richest of which was Iviron. Except for
310
cataloguing the estate rights concerning their goods, the charters
offer information about the tax- and work-related commitments
of the peasants who were renounced by the ruler, which boded
well for the gifted brotherhood of monks.
Among the other surviving sources in the archive of
Iviron, the most important are several agreements for the sale and
purchase of the estates of the sevastos Theodore Tetragon ites in
the Strumica region, signed in
1286
by
Jovan,
the great
ikonomos
and
tabúlanos
of Tiberiopolis. The peasants {parokioi) and the
goods of iviron in the Strumica region are described and listed in
the
Praktikon
of
1320.
This is the only source that allows for a
clear distinction between the land owned by the peasants
(parokioi), where the monastery collected taxes, and the property
of the monastery itself. According to the
Ргакіїкощ
Iviron had
rights over
73
families in the Strumica region at the time when
the domains of Iviron throughout Macedonia had
550
families of
parokioi. It should be noted that the domains of Strumica
participated with one fifth in the entire income of Iviron. The
names of the villagers were listed in a census found in the
Praktikon;
this allows for an assumption concerning the Slavic
character of the rural population in Strumica and the surrounding
region. Ninety percent of the
73
listed families bear popular
Slavic names such as:
Dragoslav,
Dobre,
Dobřila,
Mira,
Smeahula, etc.
Church relations in
Strumica
and the surrounding region
can be followed for a long period of eight centuries. The gradual
integration of the Slavs in the political, economic and social
system of the Byzantine Empire in the first centuries of their
settlement of this region necessarily meant a change in the
ideological structure of the Slavic society as well. Still, there is
no direct data about the religious circumstances, and more
concretely, about the process of the christianization of the Slavic
population that lived in the Strymon valley and in the Strumica
region between the 7th and the 9th centuries. One can suppose that
the intensification of the christianization of the Byzantine Slavs
311
on the Balkan Peninsula in the 9th century reflects, more or less,
the situation on the left bank of the river Strymon, including the
Strumica region.
Scenes from the hagiography of the Fifteen Martyrs of
Tiberiopolis and the archeological excavations in Strumica (a
church in the form of a cross with five domes from the end of the
9th or
begining
of the 10th centuries dedicated to the Holy
Martyrs) point to the existence of the cult of these martyrs in
Strumica before its spreading among the Slavic population after
the founding of the Episcopacy of Bregalnica (late 9th century).
This raises the following question: is the zeal with which the
inhabitants of Strumica opposed the transfer of the relics of the
Martyrs from Strumica to the Episcopacy of Bregalnica a
testament to the Christian traditions of the town?
The first witnessed forms of institutionalized Christian
practices in Strumica, i.e. the existence of episcopacy, is
encountered in written sources such as the charters of Emperor
Basil II issued to the
Ohrid
Archbishopric (the first quarter of the
1
1th century). Nevertheless, bearing in mind the Byzantine
church practice concerning the continuity of the episcopal
networks, it can be supposed that the episcopacy of Strumica had
probably existed before its specific mentioning in the sources.
The Bishopric of Strumica, as a diocese of the
Ohrid
Archbishopric, is repeatedly mentioned starting from the first
half of the 11th century, until the end of the
14*
century.
Constantine Cabasilas
was bishop in Strumica when
Demetrios
Chomatenos headed the see of the
Ohrid
Archibishopric. It is
possible that during his reign, Cabasilas created the canon of the
Fifteen Martyrs of Tiberiopolis, thereby once again confirming
the importance of the cult of these saints in the Strumica region.
It is important to note that one of the signatures of the
abovementioned document of the sevastos Theodore Tetragonites
belonged to the great
ikonomos
of the Holy bishop and
tabularlos
of Tiberiopolis,
Jovan
Nenos.
The use of the title
tabularlos
instead of the usual title nomikos shows the
312
importance
of the bishopric of Strumica. Namely, the term
tabúlanos
was typical of secular and ecclesiastic notaries in the
great cities and seats of the metropolitans, whereas the term
nomikos signified the subjects of the clergy of a lower rank.
Possibly, it is not a coincidence that in Strumica, a town with the
rank of an episcopacy, one encounters the title
tabúlanos ,
unlike, for example, the episcopacies of Hierisos and Kesaropol,
located relatively close to Strumica, where only the term
nomikos is mentioned.
In the time of the
Dragas
brothers, the bishopric of
Strumica is mentioned under the name Vodocka , most probably
due to the fact that the seat of its bishopric was at the Vodoca
monastery.
în
the period of almost four centuries, the bishopric
of Strumica, a residential area consisting of a largely Slavic
population, had and important role within the borders of the
Ohrid
Archbishopric, and actively participated in the different
spheres of the spiritual and secular life in the Strumica region.
The image of the bishopric of Strumica is further
developed through the cults of the saints and the sacral buildings
that were raised in honor of these saints. The remains of the
material and spiritual culture place Strumica and the surrounding
region in the group of the old Christian seats in Macedonia. In
this sense, a most representative monument from the Strumica
region is the already mentioned complex of ancient Christian
churches dedicated to the Fifteen Martyrs of Tiberiopolis.
With respect to sacral buildings, Strymica and the
surrounding region experienced its golden period in the
1
1th and
the 12th centuries, when the Byzantine authorities began to
renovate old churches and build new ones on the territory of
Macedonia. A characteristic feature of the Strumica region is the
continuity of cultural strata of sacral buildings. A typical
example of this is the Vodoca Church complex where
archeologists and art historians have managed to differentiate
three phases of construction between the 7th and the 12U
313
centuries,
when a great cross-shaped church dedicated to the
martyr St. Leontios was built.
Perhaps the most representative monument of this region
is the Church of the Holy Mother of God,
Eïeousa,
which
belongs to the golden age of monasticism, i.e. the
Komnenos
era.
Founded and built in
1080
by the Strumica s Bishop Manuel, a
contemporary of the
Ohrid
Archbishop Theophylactos, the
Church of the Holy Mother of God not only represents an
example of the oldest preserved
façade
decoration in Macedonia,
but also stands as a rare example of a four-column foundation
and an octagonal dome.
The town of Strumica, as noted by the eminent
archeologist
Blaga Aleksova,
seems to have been a large center
of homage, pilgrimage and a large Slavic seat
(...)
in the Middle
Ages as an ancient Christian seat, and later on, an episcopal seat
under whose jurisdiction were the churches of Vodoca and
Veljusa, the churches dedicated to the Fifteen Martyrs of
Tiberiopolis, those dedicated to the Holy Forty Martyrs, to the
Holy Mother of God and to St. Stephen, and of course, some
other smaller churches.
314
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Stefoska, Irena |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1058206877 |
| author_facet | Stefoska, Irena |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Stefoska, Irena |
| author_variant | i s is |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV040968381 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)891524915 (DE-599)BVBBV040968381 |
| era | Geschichte 600-1400 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 600-1400 |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01686nam a2200385 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV040968381</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20140916 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">130425s2011 |||| 00||| mac d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9789989361586</subfield><subfield code="9">978-9989-36-158-6</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)891524915</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV040968381</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">mac</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">7,41</subfield><subfield code="2">ssgn</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Stefoska, Irena</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1058206877</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Strumica i Strumičko vo srednovekovieto</subfield><subfield code="b">(VI - XIV vek)</subfield><subfield code="c">Irena Stefoska</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Skopje</subfield><subfield code="b">Stigmapres</subfield><subfield code="c">2011</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">263 S.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">In kyrill. Schr., mazedon. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 600-1400</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Strumica</subfield><subfield code="z">Region</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4534143-6</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Strumica</subfield><subfield code="z">Region</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4534143-6</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 600-1400</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025946617&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025946617&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Abstract</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="n">oe</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025946617</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">307.09</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">0902</subfield><subfield code="g">4976</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| geographic | Strumica Region (DE-588)4534143-6 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Strumica Region |
| id | DE-604.BV040968381 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:36:26Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789989361586 |
| language | Macedonian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025946617 |
| oclc_num | 891524915 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 263 S. |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publishDateSearch | 2011 |
| publishDateSort | 2011 |
| publisher | Stigmapres |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Stefoska, Irena Verfasser (DE-588)1058206877 aut Strumica i Strumičko vo srednovekovieto (VI - XIV vek) Irena Stefoska Skopje Stigmapres 2011 263 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier In kyrill. Schr., mazedon. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Geschichte 600-1400 gnd rswk-swf Strumica Region (DE-588)4534143-6 gnd rswk-swf Strumica Region (DE-588)4534143-6 g Geschichte 600-1400 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025946617&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025946617&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Stefoska, Irena Strumica i Strumičko vo srednovekovieto (VI - XIV vek) |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4534143-6 |
| title | Strumica i Strumičko vo srednovekovieto (VI - XIV vek) |
| title_auth | Strumica i Strumičko vo srednovekovieto (VI - XIV vek) |
| title_exact_search | Strumica i Strumičko vo srednovekovieto (VI - XIV vek) |
| title_full | Strumica i Strumičko vo srednovekovieto (VI - XIV vek) Irena Stefoska |
| title_fullStr | Strumica i Strumičko vo srednovekovieto (VI - XIV vek) Irena Stefoska |
| title_full_unstemmed | Strumica i Strumičko vo srednovekovieto (VI - XIV vek) Irena Stefoska |
| title_short | Strumica i Strumičko vo srednovekovieto |
| title_sort | strumica i strumicko vo srednovekovieto vi xiv vek |
| title_sub | (VI - XIV vek) |
| topic_facet | Strumica Region |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025946617&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025946617&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT stefoskairena strumicaistrumickovosrednovekovietovixivvek |