Stanovlenie oficialʹnoj ideologii principata imperatora Avgusta:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Russian |
| Published: |
Charʹkov
Charʹkovskij Nacionalʹnyj Universitet Imeni V. N. Karazina
2011
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Item Description: | PST: Stanovlennja oficijnoj ideolohiï pryncypata imperatora Avhusta [u.a.] - In kyrill. Schr., russ. - Zsfassung in ukrain. und engl. Sprache |
| Physical Description: | 267 S., [4] Bl. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9789666237876 |
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| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Formation of the official ideology of the Emperor Augustus' Principate |
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СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
Введение
Глава
1.
Основные черты римских политических группировок и
характерные особенности политической идеологии в эпоху
Поздней республики
28
§ 1.
Политические группировки в эпоху Поздней республики
29
§ 2.
Opti
mates/boni
и
populares
42
§ 3.
Идеология «оптиматов»
53
§ 4.
Идеологические воззрения «популяров»
68
Глава
2.
Зарождение официальной идеологии принципата Императора
Цезаря Августа
(44-30
гг. до н. э.)
78
§ 1.
Особенности политической пропаганды «помпеянцев»
78
§ 2.
Первые шаги Октавиана в политике и образ «нового Цезаря»
87
§ 3.
Эволюция идеологических лозунгов Октавиана от
Путеоланского соглашения до начала «пропагандистской
войны» с М. Антонием
108
§ 4.
Пропаганда Октавиана накануне Актийской битвы и
«республиканизм»
118
Глава
3.
Идеологическая политика Августа в 20-е гг. до н. э.:
«традиционализм» и монархические тенденции
127
§ 1.
Лозунг
res
publica
restituía
и «восстановление» Августом
государства
127
$2.
Vindex libertatis populi Romani
145
§3.
Pax
Augusta
155
§ 4.
Место имени
Augustus
(Σεβαστός)
в пропаганде
императора Августа
161
§ 5.
Золотой щит «добродетелей» Августа
176
Заключение
187
Библиография
194
Список сокращений
250
Приложения
253
Summary
269
SUMMARY
Tokarev
Α. Ν.
Formation
of the Official Ideology of the Emperor
Augustas'
Principate.
The origins of the official ideology of Emperor Caesar Augustus'
principate
are within the scope of ideological opposition between different
political forces in the age of Late Roman republic.
Political struggle
ofthat
time has its distinctive features. In the I century
B.C. there were no political parties in Rome. In the time of peace the struggle
was carried on between aristocratic coteries (small, unstable in time factions
that were formed around a politician-leader which included friends, relatives
and political supporters constituting its
consilium)
and single politicians-
aristocrats. Larger unions called
partes,
that involved both their supporters and
those who «expressed sympathy» with them, appeared on their basis in the
periods of home discords. Distinctive features of these unions were
personification and dualism. It should be noted, that neither of these political
groups had their own «political ideology», though two distinctly tracing and
opposing to each other tendencies are observed in late republican ideology. It
was due to the existence of two «ideologically-political» tendencies, that were
called
optimates
(or
boni)
and
populares,
which were responsible ideologically
for the development competition between the competing sides. Most of them,
united in coteries and supported by the senate, shared the
optimates
views, the
other part, «political outsiders», acting through peoples' meeting used
populares
interpretation.
A significant peculiarity of late republican ideology was the use of similar
common Roman traditional values by both
optimates
and
populares
supporters
in political propaganda. It gave the possibility to overwhelming majority of
researchers to treat the late republican ideology as a whole. As a result such
modern terms as «republicanism» and «traditionalism» denoting this
phenomenon appeared, these being equated by many researchers. But
scrupulous analysis carried on the main
optimates
and
populares
slogans such
as
res publica, libertas
and pax showed cardinal distinctions in their
interpretation.
The senate supporters linked such values as
libera res publica, libertas,
pax, that were fundamental for each citizen of Rome with the existence of their
power, and the loss of the latter
-
with their disappearance. In their turn,
populares
put the idea of the Roman people sovereignty and its supremacy in
266_
Α. Η,
Токарев
the state into the same slogans. Hence, late republican ideology can't be treated
as a whole, and such modern terms as «republicanism» and «traditionalism»
can't be synonyms. It's evident, that «traditionalism» was the basis both for the
ideology
oí optimates,
and for that of
populares.
Therefore it's necessary to
differentiate between «traditional» and «republican» tendencies because their
displacement may result in misunderstanding intentions and final aims which
some Roman political figures put before themselves. Accordingly, two more
hypothetical bases for early
Principate
official ideology: «traditionalism» and
populares
ideology together with «republicanism» appear before us.
The «republicanism» influence upon
Octavian
ideological policy,
especially at the beginning of his political career, is extremely overestimated in
historiography. It may be clearly seen in the period before the battle at Philippi.
The analysis of the sources shows, that Brutus and Cassius supporters though
they shared ideological views of
optimates,
consciously borrowed successful
ideological slogans or actions of «Caesarians»; all this was caused by the
weakness of ideological positions among
plebs
and veterans. At the same time
the main
Octavian
tasks at the beginning of his political career were legalisation
of his activity and creation of the image of «new Caesar» among veterans and
plebs.
As a result, no of his actions can be connected with «republicanism». On
the contrary, he dwelt on «traditional» imagination and used «Caesarian»
slogans. His activity in
44-43
B.C. fully joins the scope of
populares
policy and
it isn't surprised because creation of the «new Caesar» image required
inheritance of the
popularis
Julius Caesar actions on his side.
By the middle of the 30th B.C. he hadn't enjoyed popularity among the
Roman aristocracy. The basis of his ideology was «revenge for Caesar». But at
the same time he put the new slogans: pax, securitas,
prosperitás,
which
marked the transit to the propaganda of peace, stability and prosperity of the
whole Roman community. By the way these slogans also didn't belong to the
«Pompenians»
political lexicon too. By the end of the 30th B.C. the propaganda
of traditional Roman values had come forward. The new
Octavian
image as
a successful general and a defender of these values, to which
M
Antony
corrupted by the Orient was opposing, was formed.
The victory in the battle at Actium made
Octavian
the sole ruler of
a tremendous state though there were no legal grounds for his being in power. It
made Augustus do many efforts in the sphere of propaganda in order to justify
his actions. One of the principally important decisions was carrying out
restitutio
rei publicae
in
28-27
B.C., that led to the «restoration» of all state
spheres and that was widely advertised though it wasn't a decision of the
essential problems, but only a propaganda action. At the same time the
«restoration» of the state wasn't concerned with the revival of the «republican»
traditions and to the «restoration» of the Republic in particular. Such slogans as
res publica restituía,
vindex libertatis (populi
Romani),
pax were borrowed
Становление официальной идеологии принципата императора Августа
_267
from the
populares
political lexicon in order to underlie ideological distinctions
with the opponents of the first Roman emperor. Besides, Augustus tried to put
the new content into the terms listed above in order that they should be
perceived as the central bases of a new monarchy system.
At the same time, the prevailing tendencies in the official ideology in 20th
B.C. were «monarchy» ones. This it pointed by the new name of the monarch
-
Augustus. Admitting a specific term as a name that belongs to the sphere of
cult, religion, and the name that characterises things and notions closely linked
with gods was a frank challenge to the «republican» traditions. To the great
extent the idea of the emperor personal power was expressed in the Greek
congener of this name. The «monarchy» tendencies were also strongly
expressed in the propaganda of Augustus virtues. Presenting
Octavian
with the
gold shield for his «courage», «justice», «charity» and «piety» opposed him
sharply to the whole Roman society and declared him as a bearer of the moral
superiority.
Thus, both at the beginning of his political career, and in
30-20*
B.C., Augustus didn't use «republican» ideology. He dwelt on the traditional
Roman representations and notions, late republican terminology and political
slogans, that were applied in the political fight of the Republic period being
widely borrowed. However, trying to avoid the revival of the opposition under
the flags of the
optimates
ideology, he underlined
Úit
popularis
sounding of his
propaganda. In other words, the ideology of the early
Principate
not only wasn't
based on the «republicanism», but also opposed it. By the way, using
populares
slogans, based on the traditional Roman representations, in the manner that
wasn't peculiar to them and changing their inner context and meaning,
princeps
imposed the monarchy ideas to the Roman society with their help. It was shown
in the 20th B.C. when the «monarchy» features of the official ideology of the
Augustus
principate
became prevailing. |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
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| id | DE-604.BV040958407 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-10-06T14:01:27Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789666237876 |
| language | Russian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025936815 |
| oclc_num | 844073309 |
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| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 267 S., [4] Bl. Ill. |
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| publishDate | 2011 |
| publishDateSearch | 2011 |
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| publisher | Charʹkovskij Nacionalʹnyj Universitet Imeni V. N. Karazina |
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| spelling | Tokarev, Andrej Nikolaevič 1978- Verfasser (DE-588)1033754803 aut Stanovlenie oficialʹnoj ideologii principata imperatora Avgusta A. N. Tokarev Stanovlennja oficijnoj ideolohiï pryncypata imperatora Avhusta Formation of the official ideology of the Emperor Augustus' Principate Charʹkov Charʹkovskij Nacionalʹnyj Universitet Imeni V. N. Karazina 2011 267 S., [4] Bl. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier PST: Stanovlennja oficijnoj ideolohiï pryncypata imperatora Avhusta [u.a.] - In kyrill. Schr., russ. - Zsfassung in ukrain. und engl. Sprache Augustus Römisches Reich, Kaiser v63-14 (DE-588)118505122 gnd rswk-swf Prinzipat (DE-588)4047276-0 gnd rswk-swf Augustus (27 v. Chr. - 14 n. Chr.) (DE-2581)TH000003848 gbd Augustus Römisches Reich, Kaiser v63-14 (DE-588)118505122 p Prinzipat (DE-588)4047276-0 s DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025936815&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025936815&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Tokarev, Andrej Nikolaevič 1978- Stanovlenie oficialʹnoj ideologii principata imperatora Avgusta Augustus Römisches Reich, Kaiser v63-14 (DE-588)118505122 gnd Prinzipat (DE-588)4047276-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)118505122 (DE-588)4047276-0 |
| title | Stanovlenie oficialʹnoj ideologii principata imperatora Avgusta |
| title_alt | Stanovlennja oficijnoj ideolohiï pryncypata imperatora Avhusta Formation of the official ideology of the Emperor Augustus' Principate |
| title_auth | Stanovlenie oficialʹnoj ideologii principata imperatora Avgusta |
| title_exact_search | Stanovlenie oficialʹnoj ideologii principata imperatora Avgusta |
| title_full | Stanovlenie oficialʹnoj ideologii principata imperatora Avgusta A. N. Tokarev |
| title_fullStr | Stanovlenie oficialʹnoj ideologii principata imperatora Avgusta A. N. Tokarev |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stanovlenie oficialʹnoj ideologii principata imperatora Avgusta A. N. Tokarev |
| title_short | Stanovlenie oficialʹnoj ideologii principata imperatora Avgusta |
| title_sort | stanovlenie oficialʹnoj ideologii principata imperatora avgusta |
| topic | Augustus Römisches Reich, Kaiser v63-14 (DE-588)118505122 gnd Prinzipat (DE-588)4047276-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Augustus Römisches Reich, Kaiser v63-14 Prinzipat |
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