Mineral exploration: principles and applications
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Amsterdam [u.a.]
Elsevier
2013
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XVII, 334 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9780124160057 |
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| adam_text | IMAGE 1
CONTENTS
PREFACE - V ^ . ~ J - R X 111
LIST OF ACRONYMS USED IN THIS BOOK XV
ABOUT THE AUTHOR XVII
1. MINERAL EXPLORATION 1
1.1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1.1. WHY MINERAL EXPLORATION? 1
1.2. DEFINITION 2
1.2.1. MINERAL AND ROCK 2
1.2.2. ORE 2
1.2.3. ORE DEPOSIT 7
1.2.4. PRIME COMMODITY, ASSOCIATED COMMODITY AND TRACE ELEMENT 7 1.2.5.
PROTORE 7
1.2.6. GANGUE MINERALS AND TAILING 8 1.2.7. DELETERIOUS SUBSTANCES 8
1.3. EXPLORATION 8
1.3.1. DISCOVERY TYPE 8
1.3.2. STAGES OF EXPLORATION 8
1.4. MINERAL POLICY AND ACT 12
1.4.1. AUSTRALIA 12
1.4.2. CANADA 13
1.4.3. CHILE 14
1.4.4. INDIA 15
1.4.5. PORTUGAL 17
1.4.6. SOUTH AFRICA 18
1.4.7. TUNISIA 18
1.4.8. ROYALTIES AND TAXATION 20
1.4.9. LEASE APPLICATION 20
1.5. MINERAL TO METAL-A FULL CIRCLE 21
FURTHER READING 21
2. ECONOMIC MINERAL DEPOSITS
AND HOST ROCKS 23
2.1. DEFINITION 23
2.2. COMMON ECONOMIC MINERALS 24
2.3. CLASSIFICATION OF MINERAL DEPOSITS 24 2.3.1. GEOGRAPHICAL
LOCALIZATION 24
2.3.2. DEPTH OF OCCURRENCE 28
23.3. RELATION TO HOST ROCKS 28
2.3.4. STRUCTURAL CONTROL 29
2.3.5. NATURE OF MINERALIZATION 31
2.3.6. MORPHOLOGY 32
2.3.7. GENETIC MODEL 2.3.8. CONTAINED METAL 2.4. HOST ROCKS 2.5.
INDUSTRY SPECIFICATIONS
FURTHER READING
3. EXPLORATION GEOLOGY
3.1. DEFINITION 3.2. REGIONAL PLANNING AND ORGANIZATION 3.2.1. BUREAU OF
MINES 3.2.2. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
3.2.3. STATE/REGIONAL DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND GEOLOGY 3.2.4. PUBLIC
SECTORS UNDERTAKINGS 3.2.5. PRIVATE SECTORS
3.2.6. MULTINATIONAL LIMITED COMPANIES 3.3. SURFACE GUIDE 3.3.1.
FAVORABLE STRATIGRAPHY AND HOST ROCKS
3.3.2. WEATHERING 3.3.3. ANCIENT MINING AND SMELTING 3.3.4. SHEAR 3.3.5.
LINEAMENT 3.4. TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY 3.5. GEOLOGICAL MAPPING
3.5.1. SURFACE MAP 3.5.2. UNDERGROUND MAPPING 3.6. STRATIGRAPHIC
CORRELATION 3.7. EXPLORATION ACTIVITY 3.7.1. REGIONAL SCALE 3.7.2.
DISTRICT SCALE 3.7.3. LOCAL SCALE 3.7.4. EXPLORATION COMPONENTS 3.8.
EXPLORATION OF COAL AND COAL BED METHANE FURTHER READING
4. EXPLORATION GEOCHEMISTRY
4.1. DEFINITION 4.1.1. ELEMENTAL DISPERSION 4.1.2. PATHFINDER ELEMENTS
4.1.3. BACKGROUND AND THRESHOLD VALUE
4.1.4. ORIENTATION SURVEY
34 36 37 37 39
41
41 41 42 42
4:; 43 44 * I -I
44
44 44 44 46 47
47 47 47 49 50 50 50 51 51 51
52 53
55
55 55 56 56
56
IMAGE 2
CONTENTS
6.4..3. CAPABILITIES 6.4.4. DATA INPUT 6.4.5. PROJECTION AND
REGISTRATION 6.4.6. TOPOLOGY BUILDING 6.4.7. OVERLAY DATA ANALYSIS
AND MODELING
6.4.8. G1S APPLICATION IN MINERAL EXPLORATION 6.5. GLOBAL POSITIONING
SYSTEM 6.5.1. SPACE SEGMENT
6.5.2. GROUND CS 6.5.3. USER SEGMENT 6.5.4. SIGNALS 6.5.5. TYPES OF GPS
6.5.6. APPLICATIONS 6.6. SOFTWARE IN RS-GIS
6.6.1. ARCGIS 6.6.2. AUTOCAD 6.6.3. IDRISI 6.6.4. INTEGRATED LAND AND
WATER
INFORMATION SYSTEM 6.6.5. MAPLNFO 6.6.6. MICROSTATION 6.6.7. PAMAP
6.6.8. SPANS FURTHER READING
7. SAMPLING METHODS
7.1. DEFINITION 7.2. SAMPLING EQUIPMENT 7.2.1. CONVENTIONAL EQUIPMENT
7.2.2. DRILLING TECHNIQUES
7.3. SAMPLING METHODS 7.3.1. SOIL SAMPLING 7.3.2. PITTING 7.3.3.
TRENCHING 7.3.4. STACK SAMPLING
7.3.5. ALLUVIAL PLACER SAMPLING 7.3.6. CHANNEL SAMPLING 7.3.7. CHIP
SAMPLING
7.3.8. DIAMOND DRILL CORE SAMPLING 7.3.9. SLUDGE SAMPLING 7.3.10. RC
DRILL SAMPLING 7.3.11. GRAB SAMPLING 7.3.12. MUCK SAMPLING 7.3.13. CAR
SAMPLING 7.3.14. BULK SAMPLING 7.3.15. OCEAN BED SAMPLING 7.4. SAMPLE
REDUCTION FOR CHEMICAL
ANALYSIS
7.5. ACCURACY AND DUE DILIGENCE IN SAMPLING 7.6. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND
QUALITY CONTROL 7.7. OPTIMIZATION OF SAMPLES
FURTHER READING
108 108 109 110
11 0
111 112 112 112 112 113 113 113
114 114 114 114
114 114 115 115 115
115
117 I I /
117
117 117 118
127 127 127 128 128 129 129 129
129 130 131 131 131 131 131 131
132
133 134 135 135
8. MINERAL RESOURCE AND ORE RESERVE ESTIMATION 8.1. DEFINITION 8.1.1.
ESTIMATION OF RESOURCE AND
RESERVE
8.1,2. MINERAL RESOURCE 8.1.3. ORE RESERVE 8.1.4. MINEABLE RESERVE 8.2.
ESTIMATION OF QUALITY 8.2.1. CUTOFF GRADE 8.2.2. MINIMUM WIDTH 8.2,3.
CUTTING FACTORS 8.2.4. AVERAGE GRADE 8.2.5. MINEABLE GRADE 8.2.6. ROM
GRADE 8.2.7. MILL FEED AND TAILING GRADE 8.3. CONVENTIONAL
RESOURCE/RESERVE
ESTIMATION 8.3,1. OLD STYLE 8.3.2. TRIANGULAR 83.3. SQUARE AND RECTANGLE
8.3,4. POLYGONAL 8.3.5. ISOGRADE/LSOPACH 8.3.6. CROSS-SECTION 8.3.7.
LONGITUDINAL VERTICAL SECTION 8.3.8. LEVEL PLAN 8.3.9. INVERSE POWER OF
DISTANCE 8.4. MINERAL RESOURCE AND ORE RESERVE
CLASSIFICATION 8.4.1. CONVENTIONAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM 8.4.2.
USGS/USBM CLASSIFICATION SCHEME
8.4.3. UNFC SCHEME 8.4.4. JORC CLASSIFICATION CODE 8.4.5. CANADIAN
RESOURCE CLASSIFICATION SCHEME 8.4.6. COMPARISON OF RESERVE
CLASSIFICATION
8.5. ORE MONITORING SYSTEM 8.5.1. REPRESENTATION OF MINE STATUS 8.5.2.
FORECAST, GRADE CONTROL AND MONITORING SYSTEM FURTHER READING
9. STATISTICAL AND GEOSTATISTICAL
APPLICATIONS IN GEOLOGY
9.1. WHY GEOSTATISTICS? 9.2. STATISTICAL APPLICATIONS 9.2.1. UNIVERSE
9.2.2. POPULATION, SAMPLE AND
SAMPLING UNIT
9.2,3. PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION 9.2.4. FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION 9.2.5.
NORMAL OR GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION
137
137
138 138 138 138
139 139 139 139 140 141 141 141
141 141 142 142 142 142 143 144 144 145
147 148
149 150 151
152
153 154 154
154 155
157
157 158 158
158 158 159 159
IMAGE 3
CONTENTS
6.4.3. CAPABILITIES 6.4.4. DATA INPUT 6.4.5. PROJECTION AND REGISTRATION
6.4.6. TOPOLOGY BUILDING 6.4.7. OVERLAY DATA ANALYSIS
AND MODELING
6.4.8. GIS APPLICATION IN MINERAL EXPLORATION 6.5. GLOBAL POSITIONING
SYSTEM 6.5.1. SPACE SEGMENT
6.5.2. GROUND CS 6.5.3. USER SEGMENT 6.5.4. SIGNALS 6.5.5. TYPES OF GPS
6.5.6. APPLICATIONS 6.6. SOFTWARE IN RS-GIS
6.6.1. ARCGIS 6.6.2. AUTOCAD 6.6.3. IDRISI 6.6.4. INTEGRATED LAND AND
WATER
INFORMATION SYSTEM 6.6.5. MAPLNFO 6.6.6. MICROSTATION 6.6.7. PAMAP
6.6.8. SPANS FURTHER READING
7. SAMPLING METHODS
7.1. DEFINITION 7.2. SAMPLING EQUIPMENT 7.2.1. CONVENTIONAL EQUIPMENT
7.2.2. DRILLING TECHNIQUES
7.3. SAMPLING METHODS 7.3.1. SOIL SAMPLING 7.3.2. PITTING 7.3.3.
TRENCHING 7.3.4. STACK SAMPLING 7.3.5. ALLUVIAL PLACER SAMPLING 7.3.6.
CHANNEL SAMPLING 7.3.7. CHIP SAMPLING 7.3.8. DIAMOND DRILL CORE SAMPLING
7.3.9. SLUDGE SAMPLING 7.3.10. RC DRILL SAMPLING 7.3.11. GRAB SAMPLING
7.3.12. MUCK SAMPLING 7.3.13. CAR SAMPLING 7.3.14. BULK SAMPLING 7.3.15.
OCEAN BED SAMPLING
7.4. SAMPLE REDUCTION FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS 7.5. ACCURACY AND DUE
DILIGENCE IN SAMPLING 7.6. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL
7.7. OPTIMIZATION OF SAMPLES FURTHER READING
108 108 109 110
110
111 112 112 112 112 113 113 113
114 114 114 114
114 114 115 115 115
115
117 I I / 117
117 117 118
127 127 127 128 128 129 129 129 129 130 131 131 131 131 131 131
132
133 134 135
8. MINERAL RESOURCE AND ORE RESERVE ESTIMATION 8.1. DEFINITION 8.1.1.
ESTIMATION OF RESOURCE AND
RESERVE
8.1.2. MINERAL RESOURCE 8.1.3. ORE RESERVE 8.1.4. MINEABLE RESERVE 8.2.
ESTIMATION OF QUALITY 8.2.1. CUTOFF GRADE 8,2.2, MINIMUM WIDTH 8.2.3.
CUTTING FACTORS 8.2.4. AVERAGE GRADE 8.2.5. MINEABLE GRADE. 1 8.2.6. ROM
GRADE
8.2.7. MILL FEED AND TAILING GRADE 8.3. CONVENTIONAL RESOURCE/RE SERVE
ESTIMATION
8.3.1. OLD STYLE 8.3.2. TRIANGULAR 8.3.3. SQUARE AND RECTANGLE 8.3.4.
POLYGONAL 8.3.5. ISOGRADE/LSOPACH 8.3.6, CROSS-SECTION 8.3.7.
LONGITUDINAL VERTICAL SECTION 8.3.8. LEVEL PLAN 8.3.9. INVERSE POWER OF
DISTANCE 8.4. MINERAL RESOURCE AND ORE RESERVE
CLASSIFICATION 8.4.1. CONVENTIONAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM 8.4.2.
USGS/USBM CLASSIFICATION SCHEME
8.4.3. UNFC SCHEME 8.4.4. JORC CLASSIFICATION CODE 8.4.5. CANADIAN
RESOURCE CLASSIFICATION SCHEME
8.4.6. COMPARISON OF RESERVE CLASSIFICATION 8.5. ORE MONITORING SYSTEM
8.5.1. REPRESENTATION OF MINE STATUS
8.5.2. FORECAST, GRADE CONTROL AND MONITORING SYSTEM FURTHER READING
9. STATISTICAL AND GEOSTATISTICAL
APPLICATIONS IN GEOLOGY
9.1. WHY GEOSTATISTICS? 9.2. STATISTICAL APPLICATIONS 9.2.1. UNIVERSE
9.2.2. POPULATION, SAMPLE AND
SAMPLING UNIT
9.2.3. PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION 9.2.4. FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
137
137
138 138 138 138
139 139 139 139 140
141 141 141
141 141 142
142 142 142
143 144 144 145
147 148
149 150 151
152
153 154 154
154 155
157
157 158 158
158 158 159
135 9.2.5. NORMAL OR GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION 159
IMAGE 4
CONTENTS
9.2.6. MINIMUM, MAXIMUM, RANGE, MEDIAN, MODE AND MEAN 9.2.7. SAMPLE
VARIANCE AND STANDARD DEVIATION 9.2.8. PROBABILITY PLOT
9.2.9. LOGNORMAL OR PARETO DISTRIBUTION 9.2.10. COVARIANCE 9.2.11.
CORRELATION COEFFICIENT 9.2.12. SCATTER DIAGRAM 9.2.13. REGRESSION
9.2.14. THE NULL HYPOTHESIS 9.2.15. THE T-TEST 9.2.16. THE F-TEST
9.2.17. THE CHI-SQUARE TEST 9.2.18. ANALYSIS OT VARIANCE 9.2.19. TREND
SURFACES ANALYSIS 9.2.20. MOVING AVERAGE 9.3. MISCLASSIFIED TONNAGE 9.4.
CEOSTATISTICAL APPLICATIONS
9.4.1. BLOCK VARIANCE 9.4.2. SEMI-VARIOGRAM 9.4.3. ESTIMATION VARIANCE
9.4.4. KRIGING
9.4.5. KRIGING ESTIMATION-AN EXAMPLE 9.4.6. BENEFITS OF GEOSTATISTICS
FURTHER READING
EXPLORATION MODELING
10.1. DEFINITION 10.2. TYPES OF MODEL 10.2.1. DESCRIPTIVE MODEL 10.2.2.
CONCEPTUAL MODEL
10.2.3. GENETIC MODEL 10.2.4. MINERAL DEPOSIT/BELT MODEL 10.2.5.
PREDICTIVE MODEL 10.2.6. STATISTICAL AND GEOSTATISTICAL
MODEL
10.2.7. OREBODY MODEL 10.2.8. GRADE-TONNAGE MODEL 10.2.9. EMPIRICAL
MODEL 10.2.10. EXPLORATION MODEL 10.3. MODELING: A HOLISTIC DYNAMIC
APPROACH
10.4. LIMITATIONS FURTHER READING
ELEMENTS OF MINING
11.1. DEFINITION 11.2. SURFACE MINING 11.2.1. PLACER MINING 11.2.2.
SHALLOW DEPOSITS
11.2.3. OPEN-PIT MINING FOR LARGE DEPOSITS 11.2.4. OCEAN BED MINING
159
161 161 162 164 165 165 165 166 167 168 168 169 170 171
173 174 174 174 179 179 180 182
182
183
183 183 183 184 184 184 184
185 185 186 189 190
190 192 192
193
193 194 194 195
196 198
11.3. UNDERGROUND MINING 11.3.1. MINE ACCESS
198 199
1 1.3.2. UNDERGROUND MINING OF BEDDED DEPOSITS 204
11.3.3. UNDERGROUND HARD ROCK MINING 208 11.4. MINE MACHINERY 11.4.1.
DRILLING
11.4.2. MUCKING 11.4.3. TRANSPORTING 11.5. MINE EXPLOSIVE 11.6. ROCK
MECHANICS AND SUPPORT SYSTEM 11.7. MINE VENTILATION 11.8. MINE CLOSURE
11.9. MINING SOFTWARE FURTHER READING
12. MINERAL PROCESSING
12.1. DEFINITION 12.2. ORE HANDLING 12.2.1. CLEANING 12.2.2.
TRANSPORTATION
12.2.3. STOCKPILE 12.2.4. WEIGHING, SAMPLING AND IN-STREAM ANALYZER
12.2.5. PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS 12.3. COMMINUTION
12,3.1. CRUSHING 12.3.2. GRINDING MIL! 12.4. SCREENING AND
CLASSIFICATION 12.4.1. SCREENING
12.4.2. CLASSIFICATION 12.5. CONCENTRATION 12.5.1. LEACHING
12.5.2. ORE SORTING 12.5.3. GRAVITY CONCENTRATION 12.5.4. MAGNETIC
SEPARATION 12.5.5. ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION 12.5.6. DENSE MEDIUM
SEPARATION
12.5.7. FLOTATION 12.5.8. DEWATERING 12.5.9. TAILING MANAGEMENT 12.6.
METALLURGICAL ACCOUNTING
12.6.1. PLANT RECOVERY 12.6.2. ORE TO CONCENTRATE RATIO 12.6.3.
ENRICHMENT RATIO 12.6.4. METAL BALANCING
12.6.5. MILLING COST 12.6.6. CONCENTRATE VALUATION 12.7. ORE TO
CONCENTRATE AND METAL FURTHER READING
13. MINERAL ECONOMICS
13.1. DEFINITION 13.2. INVESTMENT PHILOSOPHY
213 214 216 218
218 218 220 220 221 222
223
223 224 224 224 224
225 227 227 228 230
231 232 233
234 234 235 236 238 239 239 239 246 247
248 248 248 249
249 249 249 250
250
251
251 251
IMAGE 5
CONTENTS
13.3. STAGES OF INVESTMENT 252
13.4. INVESTMENT ANALYSIS 253
13.4.1. UNDISCOUNTED METHOD 253
13.4.2. DISCOUNTED METHOD 254
13.5. SOURCES OF INVESTMENT RISK 255
13.6. INVESTMENT RISK AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS 256
13.7. ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF MINERAL DEPOSITS 257
1:5.7.1. LVVJLU.ITION PROCESS 258
13.7.2. ORDER OF MAGNITUDE FEASIBILITY OR SCOPING STUDIES 260
13.7.3. PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY 260
13.7.4. FEASIBILITY STUDY 261
13.8. CASE STUDY OF ECONOMIC EVALUATION 261 13.8.1. A ZINC-LEAD PROJECT
261
13.8.2. A ZINC-LEAD-COPPER SILVER PROJECT 262
13.9. SUMMARY 265
FURTHER READING 266
14. ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEM MANAGEMENT OF
MINERAL RESOURCES AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 267
14.1. DEFINITION 267
14.2. ESM IN MINERAL INDUSTRY 268
14.2.1. EXPLORATION 268
14.2.2. MINING AND BENEFICIATION 268 14.2.3. SMELTING AND REFINING 280
14.2.4. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION 280
14.2.5. BENEFITS OF ESM 281
14.3. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN MINING 281 14.3.1. INDICATORS 282
14.3.2. MINERALS AND MINING AS MEANS OF ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT 284
FURTHER READING 285
15. MINERAL EXPLORATION-CASE HISTORIES 15.1. DEFINITION 15.2. ZAWAR
GROUP, INDIA: AN AGE-OLD
ANCIENT ZINC-LEAD-SILVER MINING-SMELTING TRADITION 15.2.1. AN ANCIENT
MINING TRADITION 15.2.2. LOCATION AND DISCOVERY
15.2.3. REGIONAL SETTING 15.2.4. HOST ROCK 15.2.5. MINERALIZATION
15.2.6. GENETIC MODEL 15.2.7. SIZE AND GRADE
15.2.8. SALIENT FEATURES OF THE MINE BLOCKS
287
288
288 288 288 289 289 289 289 289
290
15.3. BROKEN HILL, AUSTRALIA: THE LARGEST AND RICHEST ZINC-LEAD-SILVER
DEPOSIT IN THE WORLD 290
15.3.1. LOCATION AND DISCOVERY HISTORY 290 15.3.2. REGIONAL SETTING 290
15.3.3. HOST ROCKS 290
15.3.4. MINERALIZATION 292
15.3.5. GENETIC MODEL 292
15.3.6. SIZE AND GRADE 292
15.4. MALANJKHAND: THE SINGLE LARGEST PORPHYRY COPPER-MOLYBDENUM OREBODY
IN INDIA 293
15.4.1. LOCATION AND DISCOVERY 293
15.4.2. REGIONAL SETTING 293
15.4.3. MINERALIZATION 294
15.4.4. GENETIC MODELS 294
15.4.5. SIZE AND GRADE 294
15.5. SINDESAR-KHURD: ROUTINE DRILLING DISCOVERED CONCEALED ZN-PB-AG
DEPOSIT IN INDIA 294
15.5.1. LOCATION AND DISCOVERY 294
15.5.2. REGIONAL SETTING 295
15.5.3. HOST ROCKS 296
15.5.4. MINERALIZATION 296
15.5.5. GENETIC MODEL 296
15.5.6. SIZE AND GRADE 296
15.5.7. RAJPURA-DARIBA MINE BLOCK 296 1 5.5.8. SINDESAR-KHURD MINE BLOCK
297 15.5,9. SALIENT FEATURES OF THE LEASEHOLD BLOCKS 299
15.6. NEVES CORVO, PORTUGAL: DISCOVERY OF DEEP-SEATED ZN-CU-SN DEPOSIT:
A GEOPHYSICAL SUCCESS 299
15.6.1. LOCATION AND DISCOVERY 299
15.6.2. REGIONAL SETTING 301
15.6.3. EXPLORATION 301
15.6.4. MINERALIZATION 302
15.6.5. GENETIC MODEL 303
15.6.6. SIZE AND GRADE 303
15.7. BUSHVELD, SOUTH AFRICA: THE LARGEST PLATINUM-CHROMIUM DEPOSITS OF
THE WORLD 303
15.7.1. LOCATION AND DISCOVERY 303
15.7.2. EXPLORATION 303
15.7.3. REGIONAL SETTING 303
15.7.4. GENETIC MODEL 304
15.7.5. MINERALIZATION 305
15.7.6. SIZE AND GRADE 305
15.8. SUDBURY, CANADA: THE LARGEST NICKEL-PLATINUM-COPPER DEPOSITS OF
THE WORLD 305
15.8.1. LOCATION AND DISCOVERY 305
15.8.2. REGIONAL SETTING 306
15.8.3. EXPLORATION 306
15.8.4. MINERALIZATION 307
15.8.5. GENETIC MODEL 308
15.8.6. SIZE AND GRADE 308
IMAGE 6
XLT
CONTENTS
15.9. RAMPURA-AGUCHA: THE SINGLE LARGEST AND RICHEST ZN-PB-AG DEPOSIT IN
INDIA: GEOSTATISTICAL APPLICATIONS IN MINERAL EXPLORATION 308
15.9.1. LOCATION AND DISCOVERY 308
15.9.2. REGIONAL SETTING 309
15.9.3. MINERALIZATION W ~
15.9.4. GENETIC MODELS 309
15.9.5. SIZE AND GRADE 309
15.9.6. MINE OPERATION 309
15.9.7. GEOSTATISTICAL APPLICATIONS IN MINERAL EXPLORATION 309
15.9.8. EXPLORATION SCHEME 310
15.9.9. DATABASE 310
15.9.10. QCANDQA 310
15.9.11. GENERAL STATISTICAL APPLICATIONS 310 15.9.12. ISOGRADEMAPS 311
15.9.13. SEMI-VARIOGRAM 312
15.9.14. SEQUENTIAL EVALUATION MODEL 312 1 5.9.1 5. ESTIMATION VARIANCE
AND OPTIMIZATION OF DRILL HOLE SPACING 314
15.10. JHAMARKOTRA, INDIA: DISCOVERY OF THE LARGEST STROMATOLITIC
ROCK-PHOSPHATE DEPOSIT BY GEOLOGICAL MODELING AND EXPLORATION TO
ENVIRONMENT
MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: A HOLISTIC APPROACH 315
15.10.1. LOCATION AND DISCOVERY 316 15.10.2. REGIONAL SETTINGS 317
15.10.3. HOST ROCKS 317
15.10.4. MINERALIZATION 317
15.10.5. GENETIC MODEL 317
15.10.6. EXPLORATION 317
15.10.7. SIZE AND GRADE 317
15.10.8. MINING 317
15.10.9. BENEFICIATION 317
15.10.10. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT 317 15.11. BASE METAL DISCOVERY TREND:
THE LAST 50 YEARS IN INDIA 318
1 5.1 1 .1 . SIGNIFICANCE OF INVESTMENT FRAMEWORK 319
15.11.2. RESERVE/RESOURCES 319
15.11.3. RESERVE ADEQUACY 320
15.11.4. RESOURCE REQUIREMENT 320 15.11.5. DISCOVERY TREND 320
15.11.6. A NEW BEGINNING 321
15.11.7. CONCLUSIONS 322
FURTHER READING 322
REFERENCES INDEX
323 325
|
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| author | Haldar, S. K. |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1032661038 |
| author_facet | Haldar, S. K. |
| author_role | aut |
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| author_variant | s k h sk skh |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV040911759 |
| classification_rvk | TY 1000 TZ 1000 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)846339084 (DE-599)BVBBV040911759 |
| discipline | Geologie / Paläontologie |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV040911759 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:35:11Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780124160057 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025891069 |
| oclc_num | 846339084 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-29 DE-20 DE-83 |
| owner_facet | DE-29 DE-20 DE-83 |
| physical | XVII, 334 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publishDateSearch | 2013 |
| publishDateSort | 2013 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Haldar, S. K. Verfasser (DE-588)1032661038 aut Mineral exploration principles and applications S. K. Haldar Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier 2013 XVII, 334 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Mineral (DE-588)4074836-4 gnd rswk-swf Mineralischer Rohstoff (DE-588)4039441-4 gnd rswk-swf Prospektion (DE-588)4047505-0 gnd rswk-swf Exploration (DE-588)4153373-2 gnd rswk-swf Mineral (DE-588)4074836-4 s Mineralischer Rohstoff (DE-588)4039441-4 s Prospektion (DE-588)4047505-0 s Exploration (DE-588)4153373-2 s DE-604 SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025891069&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Haldar, S. K. Mineral exploration principles and applications Mineral (DE-588)4074836-4 gnd Mineralischer Rohstoff (DE-588)4039441-4 gnd Prospektion (DE-588)4047505-0 gnd Exploration (DE-588)4153373-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4074836-4 (DE-588)4039441-4 (DE-588)4047505-0 (DE-588)4153373-2 |
| title | Mineral exploration principles and applications |
| title_auth | Mineral exploration principles and applications |
| title_exact_search | Mineral exploration principles and applications |
| title_full | Mineral exploration principles and applications S. K. Haldar |
| title_fullStr | Mineral exploration principles and applications S. K. Haldar |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mineral exploration principles and applications S. K. Haldar |
| title_short | Mineral exploration |
| title_sort | mineral exploration principles and applications |
| title_sub | principles and applications |
| topic | Mineral (DE-588)4074836-4 gnd Mineralischer Rohstoff (DE-588)4039441-4 gnd Prospektion (DE-588)4047505-0 gnd Exploration (DE-588)4153373-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Mineral Mineralischer Rohstoff Prospektion Exploration |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025891069&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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