Quantum concepts in physics: an alternative approach to the understanding of quantum mechanics
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
2013
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| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Cover image Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | XVIII, 443 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9781107017092 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Quantum concepts in physics |b an alternative approach to the understanding of quantum mechanics |c Malcolm Longair |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Geschichte | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Quantentheorie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Quantum theory |x History | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804150178427437056 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Quantum concepts in physics
Autor: Longair, Malcolm S
Jahr: 2013
Preface page xü
Acknowledgements xvi
Part I The Discovery of Quanta
1 Physics and theoretical physics in 1895 3
1.1 The triumph of nineteenth Century physics 3
1.2 Atoms and molecules in the nineteenth Century 4
1.3 The kinetic theory of gases and Boltzmann s Statistical mechanics 6
1.4 Maxwell s equations for the electromagnetic field 11
1.5 The Michelson-Morley experiment and the theory of relativity 13
1.6 The origin of spectral lines 15
1.7 The spectrumofblack-body radiation 19
1.8 The gathering storm 23
2 Planck and black-body radiation 24
2.1 The key role of experimental technique 24
2.2 1895-1900: The changing landscapeof experimental physics 25
2.3 Planck and the spectrum of black-body radiation 29
2.4 Towards the spectrumofblack-body radiation 36
2.5 Comparison of the laws for black-body radiation with experiment 41
2.6 Planck s theory of black-body radiation 42
2.7 Planck and natural units 45
2.8 Planck and the physical significance of h 46
3 Einstein and quanta 1900-1911 48
3.1 Einstein in 1905 48
3.2 Einstein on Brownian motion 49
3.3 Ona heuristic viewpoint concerning theproduction and
transformation oflight (Einstein 1905a) 50
3.4 The quantum theory of solids 55
3.5 Debye s theory of specific heats 58
3.6 Fluctuations of particles and waves- Einstein (1909) 60
3.7 The First Solvay Conference 64
3.8 Theendofthebeginning 67
VII
Contents
Part II The Old Quantum Theory
4 The Bohr modelof the hydrogen atom 71
4.1 The Zeeman effect: Lorentz and Larmor s interpretations 71
4.2 The problems ofbuilding modeis ofatoms 74
4.3 Thomson and Rutherford 75
4.4 Haas s and Nicholson s modeis ofatoms 79
4.5 The Bohr model of the hydrogen atom 80
4.6 Moseley and the X-ray spectra of the chemical elements 83
4.7 The Franck-Hertz experiment 88
4.8 The receptionofBohr s theory of the atom 89
5 Sommerfeld and Ehrenfest - generalising the Bohr model 90
5.1 Introduction 90
5.2 Sommerfeld s extension of the Bohr model to elliptical orbits 91
5.3 Sommerfeld and the fine-structure constant 96
5.4 A mathematical interlude - from Newton to Hamilton-Jacobi 99
5.5 Sommerfeld s model of the atom in three dimensions 109
5.6 Ehrenfest and the adiabatic principle 113
5.7 The developing infrastructure of quantum theory 118
6 Einstein coefficients, Bohr s correspondence principle and the first selection rules 119
6.1 The problem of transitions between stationary states 119
6.2 On the quantum theory of radiation (Einstein 1916) 120
6.3 Bohr s correspondence principle 123
6.4 The first selection rules 127
6.5 The polarisation of quantised radiation and selection rules 129
6.6 The Rydberg series and the quantum defect 132
6.7 Towards a more complete quantum theory ofatoms 135
7 Understanding atomic spectra -additional quantum numbers 137
7.1 Optical spectroscopy, multiplets and the Splitting of spectral lines 13 7
7.2 The Stark effect 138
7.3 The Zeeman effect 142
7.4 The anomalous Zeeman effect 145
7.5 The Barnett, Einstein-de Haas and Stern-Gerlach experiments 151
8 Bohr s modelof the periodic table and the originofspin 155
8.1 Bohr s first model of the periodic table 155
8.2 The Wolfskehl lectures and Bohr s second theory of the periodic table 157
8.3 X-ray levels and Stoner s revised periodic table 164
8.4 Pauli s exclusion principle 168
8.5 Thespinoftheelectron 169
Contents
9 The wave-particle duality 172
9.1 The Compton effect 172
9.2 Bose-Einstein statistics 174
9.3 De Broglie waves 177
9.4 Electron diffraction 181
9.5 What had been achieved by the end of 1924 183
Part III The Discovery of Quantum Mechanics
10 The collapse of the old quantum theory and the seeds of its regeneration 189
10.1 Ladenburg, Kramers and the theory of dispersion 189
10.2 Slater and the Bohr-Kramers-Slater theory 194
10.3 Born and quantum mechanics 197
10.4 Mathematics and physics in Göttingen 200
11 The Heisenberg breakthrough 203
11.1 Heisenberg in Göttingen, Copenhagen and Helgoland 203
11.2 Quantum-theoretical re-interpretation ofkinematic and mechanical
relations (Heisenberg, 1925) 205
11.3 The radiation problem and the translation from classical
to quantum physics 207
11.4 The new dynamics 212
11.5 The nonlinear oscillator 214
11.6 The simple rotator 221
11.7 Reflections 222
12 Matrix mechanics 224
12.1 Born s reaction 224
12.2 Born and Jordan s matrix mechanics 226
12.3 Born, Heisenberg and Jordan (1926) - the Three-Man Paper 232
12.4 Pauli s theory of the hydrogen atom 241
12.5 The triumph of matrix mechanics and its incompleteness 245
13 Dirac s quantum mechanics 247
13.1 Dirac s approach to quantum mechanics 247
13.2 Dirac and The fundamental equations ofquantum mechanics (1925) 248
13.3 Quantum algebra, q- and onumbers and the hydrogen atom 255
13.4 Multi-electron atoms, On quantum algebra and a PhD dissertation 259
14 Schrödinger and wave mechanics 261
14.1 Schrödinger s background in physics and mathematics 261
14.2 Einstein, De Broglie and Schrödinger 263
14.3 The relativistic Schrödinger wave equation 267
14.4 Quantisation as an Eigenvalue Problem (Part 1) 269
Contents
14.5 Quantisation as an eigenvalue problem (Part 2) 274
14.6 Wave-packets 281
14.7 Quantisation as an eigenvalue problem (Part 3) 284
14.8 Quantisation as an eigenvalue problem (Part 4) 289
14.9 Reflections 291
15 Reconciling matrix and wave mechanics 292
15.1 Schrödinger (1926d) 293
15.2 Lanczos( 1926) 298
15.3 Born and Wiener s Operator formalism 299
15.4 Pauli s letterto Jordan 302
15.5 Eckart and the Operator calculus 304
15.6 Reconciling quantum mechanics and Bohr s quantisation of angular
momentum - the WKB approximation 307
15.7 Reflections 310
16 Spin and quantum statistics 312
16.1 Spin and the Lande g-factor 312
16.2 Heisenberg and the helium atom 315
16.3 Fermi-Dirac statistics - the Fermi approach 318
16.4 Fermi-Dirac statistics - the Dirac approach 320
16.5 Building spin into quantum mechanics - Pauli spin matrices 324
16.6 The Dirac equation and the theory of the electron 327
16.7 The discovery ofthepositron 338
17 The Interpretation of quantum mechanics 343
17.1 Schrödinger s Interpretation (1926) 343
17.2 Born s probabilistic Interpretation of the wavefunction ty (1926) 345
17.3 Dirac-Jordan transformation theory 349
17.4 The mathematical completion of quantum mechanics 355
17.5 Heisenberg s uncertainty principle 357
17.6 Ehrenfest s theorem 360
17.7 The Copenhagen Interpretation of quantum mechanics 362
18 Theaftermath 368
18.1 The development of theory 368
18.2 The theory of quantum tunnelling 372
18.3 The Splitting ofthe atom and the Cockcroft and Walton experiment 375
18.4 Discovery ofthe neutron 377
18.5 Discovery ofnuclearfission 378
18.6 Pauli, the neutrino and Fermi s theory ofweak interactions 379
18.7 Cosmic rays and the discovery of elementary particles 381
18.8 Astrophysical applications 383
Contents
Epilogue 388
Notes 389
References 405
Name index 432
Subject index 436
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| spelling | Longair, Malcolm 1941- Verfasser (DE-588)120637561 aut Quantum concepts in physics an alternative approach to the understanding of quantum mechanics Malcolm Longair 1. publ. Cambridge [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 2013 XVIII, 443 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke Includes bibliographical references and index Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Geschichte Quantentheorie Quantum theory History SCIENCE / Quantum Theory bisacsh Quantentheorie (DE-588)4047992-4 gnd rswk-swf Quantentheorie (DE-588)4047992-4 s Geschichte z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe Quantum concepts in physics http://assets.cambridge.org/97811070/17092/cover/9781107017092.jpg Cover image HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025874587&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Longair, Malcolm 1941- Quantum concepts in physics an alternative approach to the understanding of quantum mechanics Geschichte Quantentheorie Quantum theory History SCIENCE / Quantum Theory bisacsh Quantentheorie (DE-588)4047992-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4047992-4 |
| title | Quantum concepts in physics an alternative approach to the understanding of quantum mechanics |
| title_auth | Quantum concepts in physics an alternative approach to the understanding of quantum mechanics |
| title_exact_search | Quantum concepts in physics an alternative approach to the understanding of quantum mechanics |
| title_full | Quantum concepts in physics an alternative approach to the understanding of quantum mechanics Malcolm Longair |
| title_fullStr | Quantum concepts in physics an alternative approach to the understanding of quantum mechanics Malcolm Longair |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quantum concepts in physics an alternative approach to the understanding of quantum mechanics Malcolm Longair |
| title_short | Quantum concepts in physics |
| title_sort | quantum concepts in physics an alternative approach to the understanding of quantum mechanics |
| title_sub | an alternative approach to the understanding of quantum mechanics |
| topic | Geschichte Quantentheorie Quantum theory History SCIENCE / Quantum Theory bisacsh Quantentheorie (DE-588)4047992-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geschichte Quantentheorie Quantum theory History SCIENCE / Quantum Theory |
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