Sunspots and starspots:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
2012
|
| Edition: | 1. paperback ed. |
| Series: | Cambridge astrophysics series
46 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Item Description: | Originally published: 2008 |
| Physical Description: | XVI, 275 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9781107410558 110741055X 9780521860031 |
Staff View
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Sunspots and starspots |c John H. Thomas, Nigel O. Weiss |
| 250 | |a 1. paperback ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Cambridge [u.a.] |b Cambridge Univ. Press |c 2012 | |
| 300 | |a XVI, 275 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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| 490 | 1 | |a Cambridge astrophysics series |v 46 | |
| 500 | |a Originally published: 2008 | ||
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804150173847257088 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface
page
xv
1
The Sun among the stars
1
1.1
Sunspots and solar magnetic activity
1
1.2
The Sun as a star
5
1.2.1
Solar structure
5
1.2.2
Properties and classification of stars
7
1.3 Starspots
and stellar magnetic activity
10
1.3.1
The solar-stellar connection
10
1.3.2
Spots on stars
11
1.4
Plan of the book
13
1.5
References for background reading
13
2
Sunspots and starspots: a historical introduction
15
2.1
Early observations of sunspots
15
2.2
The sunspot cycle
20
2.2.1
The Maunder Minimum
22
2.2.2
Photographic studies of sunspots
22
2.3
Fine structure in sunspots
23
2.4
Spectroscopy and the sunspot magnetic field
26
2.4.1
Hale s discovery of the sunspot magnetic field
26
2.4.2
The Evershed effect
27
2.5
Solar granulation and
supergranulation
28
2.6
Theoretical advances
29
2.6.1
The development of magnetohydrodynamics
29
2.6.2
Magnetoconvection
30
2.6.3
Dynamo theory
31
2.6.4
The solar wind
31
2.7
Recent progress on sunspots
32
2.8
Starspots
33
2.9
Chronology of key developments
(1610-1964) 36
ix
χ
Contents
3 Overall
structure
of
a sunspot
38
3.1
Morphology of sunspots
38
3.2
Thermal
properties of
sunspots
41
3.2.1
The cooling of
sunspots
41
3.2.2
Brightness of the umbra and penumbra
42
3.2.3
The weak bright ring around a sunspot
45
3.2.4
The Wilson depression
46
3.3
Spectroscopy and atmospheric models
47
3.3.1
Spectral analysis of the umbra and penumbra
47
3.3.2
Semi-empirical models of
umbral
and penumbral atmospheres
48
3.3.3
The chromospheric superpenumbra
50
3.3.4
The transition region and corona above a sunspot
52
3.4
Observations of the magnetic field in sunspots
54
3.4.1
The
Zeeman
effect
54
3.4.2
The magnetic field in a pore
57
3.4.3
Magnetic fields in sunspots
58
3.5
Modelling the overall magnetic structure of a sunspot
60
3.5.1
Static axisymmetric models
62
3.5.2
Stability of static models
65
3.6
The moat flow
65
4
Fine structure of the umbra
68
4.1
Umbral
dots
68
4.2
Convection in the umbra
70
4.2.1
Idealized model calculations
71
4.2.2
Realistic simulations
73
4.2.3
Magnetic structure of the umbra
74
4.3
Light bridges
75
5
Fine structure of the penumbra
78
5.1
Penumbral filaments
78
5.1.1
Bright grains in penumbral filaments
80
5.1.2
Dark cores within bright filaments
83
5.2
The intricate structure of the penumbral magnetic field
83
5.2.1
The interlocking-comb magnetic structure
84
5.2.2
Velocity structure
87
5.2.3
Hyperfine structure and dark cores
88
5.3
Convection in the penumbra
89
5.3.1
Travelling patterns in inclined magnetic fields
90
5.3.2
Convection in the inner penumbra
91
5.3.3
Buoyancy braking and the origin of dark cores
92
5.3.4
Dark filaments and convection in the outer penumbra
92
5.3.5
Thin flux tubes in the penumbra
93
5.4
The Evershed flow
93
5.4.1
Fine-scale organization of the Evershed flow
94
5.4.2
Theoretical models of the Evershed flow
95
Contents
x¡
5.5
Moving magnetic features in the moat
97
5.6
Formation and maintenance of the penumbra
99
5.6.1
Magnetic flux pumping and returning flux tubes
100
5.6.2
Formation of the penumbra
103
6
Oscillations in sunspots
106
6.1
Magneto-atmospheric waves
106
6.2
Umbral
oscillations
107
6.2.1
Five-minute
umbral
oscillations
108
6.2.2
Three-minute
umbral
oscillations and
umbral
flashes
110
6.2.3
Magnetic field variations
ИЗ
6.2.4
Theoretical interpretations of
umbral
oscillations
114
6.3
Penumbral waves
117
6.4
Sunspot seismology
118
6.4.1
Absorption of p-modes by a sunspot
1
1
8
6.4.2
Time-distance and holographic seismology of sunspots
121
6.4.3
Acoustic
halos
122
7
Sunspots and active regions
123
7.1
Description of active regions
123
7.1.1
Pores and their relation to sunspots
123
7.1.2
Faculae and plages
125
7.2
Birth and evolution of active regions
128
7.2.1
Magnetic flux emergence in active regions
129
7.2.2
Theoretical models of emerging magnetic flux
131
7.2.3
Intense magnetic elements
133
7.3
Formation, growth and decay of sunspots
136
7.3.1
Growth rates of sunspots
136
7.3.2
Lifetimes of sunspots
138
7.3.3
The decay of a sunspot
138
7.4
Sunspot groups
141
7.4.1
The magnetic configuration of active regions and sunspot
groups
141
7.4.2
Sunspots and solar rotation
142
7.5
Dissolution of active regions
143
7.6
Flux emergence in the quiet Sun
144
7.6.1
Ephemeral active regions
145
7.6.2
Intergranular magnetic fields and smaller-scale flux
emergence
147
8
Magnetic activity in stars
150
8.1
Stellar Ca II emission 1
50
8.2
Variation of activity with rotation rate and age
151
8.3
Vigorous activity in late-type stars
155
8.4
Other magnetic stars
156
xii Contents
9 Starspots 158
9.1
Observing
techniques
58
9.1.1
Photometry
158
9.1.2
Spectroscopy
160
9.1.3
Doppler
imaging
162
9.1.4
Zeeman-Doppler imaging
167
9.2
Case studies of starspots
168
9.2.1
EK Draconis and other solar analogues
169
9.2.2
RS
С
Vn binaries and FK Com stars
171
9.2.3
BY Draconis
172
9.2.4
ABDoradus
173
9.2.5
Τ
Tauri
stars
176
9.3
Starspots, differential rotation and dynamo patterns
177
9.3.1
Differential rotation
177
9.3.2
Starspots and surface patterns of activity
179
9.3.3 Starspot
cycles from long-term photometry
180
9.4
Properties of individual starspots
180
9.4.1
Temperatures and areas
180
9.4.2
Magnetic fields
181
9.4.3
Lifetimes
182
9.4.4
Sunspots as prototypes for starspots?
182
10
Solar and stellar activity cycles
184
10.1
Cyclic activity in the Sun
184
10.2
Modulation of cyclic activity and grand minima
185
10.3
Differential rotation in the Sun
189
10.4
Variable activity in stars
191
10.4.1
Stellar activity cycles
191
10.4.2
Cyclic behaviour in more active stars
193
11
Solar and stellar dynamos
194
11.1
Basic dynamo theory
194
11.1.1
Cowling s theorem
195
11.1.2
Mean-field magnetohydrodynamics and the
α
-effect
1
95
1
1
.2
Phenomenology of the solar dynamo
197
11.3
The solar dynamo
198
11.3.1
Physical mechanisms
199
1
1.3.2
Location
200
11.3.3
Models of the solar cycle
201
11.3.4
Modulation and grand minima
204
11.4
Stellar dynamos
205
11.4.1
Slow rotators
206
1
1.4.2
Rapid rotators and polar spots
206
11.4.3
Fully convective stars
207
11.5
Small-scale dynamo action
209
11.6
Numerical simulation of solar and stellar dynamos
210
Contents xiii
12 Solar
activity, space weather and climate change
211
12.1
The variable solar irradiance
211
12.1.1
Sunspots, faculae and the solar irradiance
213
12.1.2
Spectral variability
215
12.2
Interplanetary effects of solar activity
216
12.2.1
Solar flares and coronal mass ejections
216
12.2.2
Space weather
217
12.2.3
Variations in the open solar magnetic flux
220
12.3
Solar variability and the Earth s climate
221
12.3.1
Changes in the Earth s orbit
221
12.3.2
Effects of solar variability
222
12.4
Global warming
227
13
The way ahead
229
13.1
The structure and dynamics of a sunspot
229
13.2
Solar and stellar activity cycles
230
13.3 Starspots 230
13.4
Prospect for the future
231
Appendix
1
Observing techniques for sunspots
232
Appendix
2
Essentials of magnetohydrodynamic theory
238
References
246
Index
271
The past two decades have seen remarkable advances in observations of sunspots and their
magnetic fields, in imaging of spots and fields on distant stars, and in associated
theoretical models and numerical simulations.
This volume provides the first comprehensive combined account of the properties of sunspots
and starspots. It covers both observations and theory, and describes the intricate fine structure
of a sunspot s magnetic field and the prevalence of polar spots on stars. The book includes a
substantial historical introduction and treats solar and stellar magnetic activity, dynamo models
of magnetic cycles, and the influence of solar variability on the Earth s magnetosphere and
This book conveys the excitement of its subject to graduate students and specialists in solar and
stellar physics, and more broadly to astronomers, geophysicists, space physicists and experts
in fluid dynamics and plasma physics.
(courtesy of SOHO/EIT consortium,
ESA & NASA);
(back):
Doppler
image
showing starspots on the giant
star
HD 199178.
(Courtesy of K. G.
Strassmeier.)
UNIVERSITY PRESS
ISBN
978-1-107-41055-8
|
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| discipline | Physik |
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| id | DE-604.BV040891417 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:34:43Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781107410558 110741055X 9780521860031 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XVI, 275 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2012 |
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| series2 | Cambridge astrophysics series |
| spelling | Thomas, John H. 1941- Verfasser (DE-588)137355025 aut Sunspots and starspots John H. Thomas, Nigel O. Weiss 1. paperback ed. Cambridge [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 2012 XVI, 275 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Cambridge astrophysics series 46 Originally published: 2008 Sunspots Starspots Sternfleck (DE-588)4816787-3 gnd rswk-swf Sonnenfleck (DE-588)4181827-1 gnd rswk-swf Sonnenfleck (DE-588)4181827-1 s DE-604 Sternfleck (DE-588)4816787-3 s Weiss, Nigel O. Sonstige oth Cambridge astrophysics series 46 (DE-604)BV004154925 46 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025871068&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025871068&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Thomas, John H. 1941- Sunspots and starspots Cambridge astrophysics series Sunspots Starspots Sternfleck (DE-588)4816787-3 gnd Sonnenfleck (DE-588)4181827-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4816787-3 (DE-588)4181827-1 |
| title | Sunspots and starspots |
| title_auth | Sunspots and starspots |
| title_exact_search | Sunspots and starspots |
| title_full | Sunspots and starspots John H. Thomas, Nigel O. Weiss |
| title_fullStr | Sunspots and starspots John H. Thomas, Nigel O. Weiss |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sunspots and starspots John H. Thomas, Nigel O. Weiss |
| title_short | Sunspots and starspots |
| title_sort | sunspots and starspots |
| topic | Sunspots Starspots Sternfleck (DE-588)4816787-3 gnd Sonnenfleck (DE-588)4181827-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Sunspots Starspots Sternfleck Sonnenfleck |
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