Acids and bases: solvent effects on acid-base strength
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Oxford
Oxford Univ. Press
2013
|
| Edition: | 1. ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Physical Description: | XII, 143 S. graph. Darst. 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 9780199670512 019967051X 9780199670529 0199670528 |
Staff View
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Cox, Brian G. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Acids and bases |b solvent effects on acid-base strength |c Brian G. Cox |
| 250 | |a 1. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford |b Oxford Univ. Press |c 2013 | |
| 300 | |a XII, 143 S. |b graph. Darst. |c 25 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804150158981595136 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
1
Introduction
ι
1.1
Why are non-aqueous solvents important?
3
1.1.1
Range of accessible
pH-
values
3
1.1.2
Reactivity of acids and bases
5
1.1.3
Ionizable compounds and high-performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC)
5
1.2
Classification of solvents and their properties
5
1.2.1
Electron donor—acceptor properties of solvents
6
References
9
2
Acid-Base Equilibria: Quantitative Treatment
ю
2.1
Definitions
10
2.2 pH
and acid—base ratios
11
2.3
pH-dependence of species distribution
12
2.4
Acid strengths and molecular structure: dissociation constants
in water
15
2.4.1
The strength of the
Х
-H
bond
15
2.4.2
Charge dispersion on anions, A~, or cations, BH 1
16
2.4.3
The nature of X in R-X-H
17
2.5
Carbon acids
17
2.6
Acid-base equilibria
19
Appendix
2.1
Species distribution in acid-base systems
19
References
20
3
Solvation and Acid-Base Strength
21
3.1
Solvation and acid dissociation constants:
free energies of transfer
21
3.1.1
Sol vent-transfer activity coefficients
23
3.2
Determination of free energies of transfer
23
3.2.1
Non-electrolytes
23
3.2.2
Electrolytes
25
3.3
Free energies of ion solvation
27
3.3.1 Hydration
of ions
27
3.3.2
Solvation in pure solvents
28
3.3.3
Solvation in mixed solvents
31
3.4
Solvation of non-electrolytes
32
x
Contents
3.5 Solvation
energies and solvent properties
33
3.6
Solvation and acid strength
34
3.7
Summary
Appendix
3.1
Composition of mixed solvents
36
References
4
Determination of Dissociation Constants
4.1
pH-scales
39
4.1.1 pH
in aqueous media
4.1.2 pH
in non-aqueous media
41
4.2
Influence of solution concentration: activity coefficients
41
4.3
Ion association
43
4.4
Homohydrogen-bond formation
44
4.5
Experimental methods for the determination of
dissociation constants
46
4.5.1
Potentiometric titration using a glass electrode
47
4.5.2
Acid-base indicators
50
4.6
Autoionization constants of solvents
Appendix
4.
1 Dissociation of acetic acid in the presence of
sodium chloride
54
Appendix
4.2
Ion-pair formation and
pKa-determm¡ilion
54
Appendix
4.3
Determination of homohydrogen-bond association
constants,
КднА
55
References
57
5
Protic Solvents
59
5.1
Autoionization constants
59
5.2 Methanol 60
5.2.1
Neutral acids: carboxylic acids, phenols
61
5.2.2
Cationic acids: protonated anilines, amines, /V-heterocycles
64
5.2.3
Summary
66
5.3
Higher alcohols
66
5.4
Alcohol-water mixtures
68
5.5
Salt formation in alcohols and aqueous-alcohol mixtures
5.6
Formamide, acetamide, /V-methylpropionamidc
5.7
Formic acid
74
References
75
6
High-Basicity Polar Aprotic Solvents
76
6.1
Dimethylsulphoxide
77
6.1.1
Neutral acids: carboxylic acids, phenols and thiophenols,
water and
methanol,
anilines and amides, carbon acids
78
6.1.2
Cationic acids (neutral bases)
86
6.1.3
Amino
acids g7
Contents xi
6.2 /V-methylpyrrolidin-2-one,
Ν,
N-dimethylformamide,
Ν,
/V-dimethylacetamide 89
6.2.1 Neutral
acids
89
6.2.2 Cationic
acids
(neutral
bases)
92
6.3 Liquid
ammonia
93
6.4
Summary
95
6.5
Estimation of dissociation constants in basic aprotic solvents
96
References
97
7
Low-Basicity and Low-Polarity Aprotic Solvents
99
7.1
Acetonitrile
100
7.1.1
Neutral acids: carboxylic acids and phenols, carbon acids
100
7.1.2
Cationic acids (neutral bases)
105
7.2
Propylene carbonate, sulpholane, acetone, methyl
íso-butyl ketone,
nitrobenzene
108
7.3
Tetrahydrofuran
111
References
115
8
Acid-Base Equilibria and Salt Formation
117
8.1
Charge-neutral equilibria
118
8.2
Charge-forming equilibria
120
8.2.1
Alcohols and mixed-aqueous solvents
120
8.2.2
Polar aprotic solvents
124
8.2.3
Non-polar aprotic solvents
127
References
128
9
Appendices: Dissociation Constants in
Methanol
and Aprotic Solvents
ізо
9.1 Methanol 130
9.1.1
Carboxylic acids and phenols
130
9.1.2
Protonated nitrogen bases
131
9.2
Dimethylsulphoxide
132
9.2.1
Carboxylic acids, alcohols, phenols
132
9.2.2
Inorganic acids and miscellaneous
133
9.2.3
Anilines, anilides, amides (N-H-ionization)
133
9.2.4
Carbon acids: ketones, esters, nitroalkanes
133
9.2.5
Carbon acids: nitrites, sulphones
134
9.2.6
Carbon acids: fluorenes
134
9.2.7
Cationic acids: anilinium, ammonium, pyridinium ions
135
9.3
N, yV-Dimethylformamide
135
9.3.1
Neutral acids
135
9.3.2
Cationic acids
136
9.4
Acetonitrile
136
9.4.1
Neutral acids
136
xii
Contente
9.4.2
Inorganic acids and miscellaneous
137
9.4.3
Cationic acids: ammonium, anilinium, pyridinium ions
138
9.4.4
Phosphazene bases
138
9.5
Tetrahydrofuran
140
9.5.1
Neutral acids
140
9.5.2
Cationic acids
140
Index
141
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
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| author_sort | Cox, Brian G. |
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| dewey-ones | 546 - Inorganic chemistry |
| dewey-raw | 546.24 |
| dewey-search | 546.24 |
| dewey-sort | 3546.24 |
| dewey-tens | 540 - Chemistry and allied sciences |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Physik Chemie |
| edition | 1. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV040877490 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:34:29Z |
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| isbn | 9780199670512 019967051X 9780199670529 0199670528 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XII, 143 S. graph. Darst. 25 cm |
| publishDate | 2013 |
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| publisher | Oxford Univ. Press |
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| spelling | Cox, Brian G. Verfasser aut Acids and bases solvent effects on acid-base strength Brian G. Cox 1. ed. Oxford Oxford Univ. Press 2013 XII, 143 S. graph. Darst. 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Säure (DE-588)4051266-6 gnd rswk-swf Säure-Base-Gleichgewicht (DE-588)4051270-8 gnd rswk-swf Lösungsmittel (DE-588)4036160-3 gnd rswk-swf Base (DE-588)4144090-0 gnd rswk-swf Säure (DE-588)4051266-6 s Base (DE-588)4144090-0 s Lösungsmittel (DE-588)4036160-3 s Säure-Base-Gleichgewicht (DE-588)4051270-8 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025857326&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Cox, Brian G. Acids and bases solvent effects on acid-base strength Säure (DE-588)4051266-6 gnd Säure-Base-Gleichgewicht (DE-588)4051270-8 gnd Lösungsmittel (DE-588)4036160-3 gnd Base (DE-588)4144090-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4051266-6 (DE-588)4051270-8 (DE-588)4036160-3 (DE-588)4144090-0 |
| title | Acids and bases solvent effects on acid-base strength |
| title_auth | Acids and bases solvent effects on acid-base strength |
| title_exact_search | Acids and bases solvent effects on acid-base strength |
| title_full | Acids and bases solvent effects on acid-base strength Brian G. Cox |
| title_fullStr | Acids and bases solvent effects on acid-base strength Brian G. Cox |
| title_full_unstemmed | Acids and bases solvent effects on acid-base strength Brian G. Cox |
| title_short | Acids and bases |
| title_sort | acids and bases solvent effects on acid base strength |
| title_sub | solvent effects on acid-base strength |
| topic | Säure (DE-588)4051266-6 gnd Säure-Base-Gleichgewicht (DE-588)4051270-8 gnd Lösungsmittel (DE-588)4036160-3 gnd Base (DE-588)4144090-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Säure Säure-Base-Gleichgewicht Lösungsmittel Base |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025857326&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT coxbriang acidsandbasessolventeffectsonacidbasestrength |