The socialized agriculture of the USSR: plans and performance
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Stanford, Calif.
Univ. Press
1967
|
| Edition: | Repr. |
| Series: | Grain economics series
5 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XV, 837 S. graph. Darst. |
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|---|---|
| adam_text | THE SOCIALIZED AGRICULTURE
OF THE USSR
PLANS AND PERFORMANCE
By
NAUM JASNY
STANFORDUNIVERSITYPRESS
Stanford , Cal i fornia
CONTENTS
CHAPTER PACE
I INTRODUCTION 3
Aims of this study, 3—The approach, 5—Handicaps,
6—Character of the results, 15—The USSR vs the United
States, 16—Plan of the book, 17
PART I A SUMMARY VIEW
II THE SOCIALIZATION DRIVE AND THE PROCUREMENT
SYSTEM 23
Conditions leading to collectivization, 23—Faith in the big
enterprise, 26—Compulsion, 30—The results, 33—A glance
into the future, 37-—Five-Year Plans in operation, 38
III THE SOCIALIZED FARMS 43
Sovkhozy, 43—Kolkhozy, 49—The new territories, 59
IV PRODUCTION AND INCOME: GOALS AND RESULTS 61
Investment, 61—Mechanization, 62—Output, 64—Produc
tion by commodities, 70—Income, 73
V MARKETINGS AND CONSUMPTION 77
Marketings, 77—Consumption, 84
PART II BACKGROUND
VI NATURAL RESOURCES AND POPULATION 103
A general view, 103—Climate, 108—Soils, 112—Natural
conditions of the USSR and the United States, 113—Land
utilization, 115—Land reserves, 118—Agricultural regions,
122—Land resources and population, 129
VII LAND TENURE AND DE-STRATIFICATION 133
Pre-Revolution land tenure, 134—-The Russian way, 139
—The Stolypin reform, 141—Pre-Revolution drift in land
tenure, 143-—Stratification in agriculture, 146—Post-Revo
lution land tenure, 151
VIII PRE-COLLECTIVIZATION PEASANT FARMING 161
Class composition: an over-all view, 161—The 1927 sur
vey of peasant economy, 163—-Family size, 165—Means of
production, 166—Land tenure, 171—Sale and hire of labor,
173—Income and wealth, 176—Per capita data, 177—Re
gional variations, 179
xii THE SOCIALIZED AGRICULTURE OF THE USSR
CHAPTER PACE
IX PRE-REVOLUTION INCOME AND PRODUCTION 183
Incomes, 183—Farm machinery and fertilizer, 184—Pro
duction, 187—Marketings, 191—Exports, 193—Rigidity of
production, 196—World War I, 198
X DECLINE AND RECOVERY AFTER THE REVOLUTION 200
Decline, 200—Recovery, 202—Technical factors, 203—
Price relationships, 205—Production, 213—Marketings and
peasant consumption, 222—Exports, 231
PART III SOCIALIZED ORGANIZATION AND CONTROL
XI SOVKHOZY 235
Before the drive, 235—1st Plan Period: goals, 237—1st
Plan Period: failure and its causes, 246—2d Plan Period,
252—3d Plan Period, 259—The prewar status, 261—War
time and postwar developments, 267
XII MACHINE-TRACTOR STATIONS 269
Forerunners of the MTS, 269—Early experience with MTS,
273—The MTS as mature institutions, 280
XIII EARLY KOLKHOZY AND THE BIG DRIVE 296
The early period, 298—The drive, 304—Kulaki and indi
vidual peasants, 311—Kolkhoz enlargement, 315—Kolkhoz
specialization, 319—The end of the commune and TOZ,
320—The cost of collectivization, 322
XIV KOLKHOZY: ORGANIZATION 325
The charter, 327—Membership, 327—Management, 329
—Labor force, 334
XV KOLKHOZY: PROPERTY COLLECTIVIZED AND
OPERATIONS 338
Land, 339—Machinery, 342—Livestock, 343—Operations,
XVI OBLIGATORY DELIVERIES AND KOLKHOZ MARKETS 363
The first commandment, 363—Delivery techniques in gen
eral, 366—Delivery techniques for specified products, 371
—Kolkhoz markets and government commercial stores, 383
XVII MAN POWER: UTILIZATION 389
The central problem, 389—The obligation to work and the
work itself, 391—Trudoden, 401—Premiums, 405—Tru-
dodni statistics, 410—Trudodni and workdays related to
output, 413
CONTENTS xiii
CHAPTER PACE
XVIII MAN POWER: PRODUCTIVITY 415
Labor productivity before collectivization, 420—Kolkhozy,
423—Kolkhoznik enterprises, 433—Sovkhozy, 436—Social
ized agriculture as a whole, 438—The USSR and other
countries, 441
PART IV SOCIALIZED PRODUCTION: PLANS AND RESULTS
XIX MECHANIZATION 449
General: goals and attainments, 450—Total power, 455—
The tractor, 460—Rural electrification, 475—Grain harvest
ing, 475
XX TECHNIQUES OTHER THAN MECHANIZATION 483
Land improvements, 483—Various techniques, 485—Fer
tilizer, 494—Improvements in livestock, 501
XXI TOTAL CROP PRODUCTION 502
1st Plan Period, 502—2d Plan Period, 516—3d Plan
Period, 520—War, 522—4th Plan Period, 523—Changes in
regional distribution of cropped plowland, 526—Cropped
plowland by crop groups: recapitulation, 529
XXII GRAIN 532
Acreages, 532—Yields and outputs, 538—Utilization, 550
—Procurements, 561
XXIII TECHNICAL CROPS 562
Fibers, 562—Oilseeds, 573—Sugar beets, 580—Tobacco,
585—Rubber, 586
XXIV POTATOES, VEGETABLES, AND FRUITS 587
Potatoes, 587—Vegetables, 595—Potatoes and vegetables
for large cities, 603—Fruits and berries, 604
XXV FEED 607
TOTAL FEED, 607—HAY, 612—STRAW AND CHAFF, 618—FEED
ROOTS AND SILAGE, 618—PASTURE, 619
XXVI LIVESTOCK 620
1ST PLAN PERIOD, 620—2D PLAN PERIOD, 623—3D PLAN
PERIOD, 625—4TH PLAN PERIOD, 630—REGIONAL VARIATIONS,
XXVII ANIMAL PRODUCTS 638
Meat, 638—Milk, 648—Eggs, 652—Wool and Hides, 653
—Total Animal Products, 653
xiv THE SOCIALIZED AGRICULTURE OF THE USSR
PART V OVER-ALL PRODUCTION AND INCOME
CHAPTER PACE
XXVIII TOTAL PRODUCTION 657
The indexes: Soviet, 657:—Gross production: computed,
668—Production - for - sale - and - consumption index: com
puted, 674—Income from agriculture: computed, 676—
Addendum, 680
XXIX DISTRIBUTION OF KOLKHOZ OUTPUT AND
KOLKHOZNIK INCOMES 683
Receipts and outlays of the kolkhozy, 683—Kolkhoznik re
ceipts from the kolkhozy, 688—Kolkhoznik receipts from
own enterprises, 698—Kolkhoznik receipts from the two
major sources, 699—Income of the population engaged in
agriculture, 701
APPENDIX NOTES
NOTE
A POPULATION ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE, 1928 TO 1939 709
Before collectivization, 710—After collectivization, 711—1939
compared with 1926-27, 713
B INVESTMENT 714
C UNCHANGEABLE 1926-27 PRICES OF TRUCKS, AUTOMOBILES,
AND TRACTORS 717
TRUCKS AND AUTOMOBILES, 718—TRACTORS, 719—CONCLUDING RE
MARKS, 721
D AGRICULTURAL CO-OPERATIVES DURING THE NEP 721
E KONTRAKTATSIYA DURING THE NEP 722
F WHEAT IN THE NON-CHERNOZEM ZONE 723
G METHODS OF ESTIMATING CROPS 725
Pre-Revolutionary statistics, 725—1920 through 1932, 727—
Biological crop: early period, 728—Biological crop: mature sys
tem, 730
H ASCERTAINING THE BARN CROPS OF GRAIN, 1933-39 736
Reconstruction from statements of official analysts, 739—Mixed
approach, 744
I GRAIN YIELDS COMPARED WITH YIELDS OF OTHER
MAJOR CROPS 746
For 1933-36, 746—1937 and 1938, 748
J UTILIZATION OF GRAIN IN SPECIFIED PERIODS AND YEARS 748
The data, 748—Food, 750—Feed, 752—Other items, 756—Total
utilization, 759
K BREAD-FLOUR MARGINS 760
CONTENTS xv
NOTE PACE
L SUGAR BEETS IN ALTAI KRAI 761
M LIVESTOCK NUMBERS, 1939-41 762
N DEDUCTIONS FROM THE VALUE OF GROSS AGRICULTURAL
PRODUCTION (SOVIET SENSE) TO OBTAIN THE VALUE OF
PRODUCTS AVAILABLE FOR SALE AND FOR CONSUMPTION
IN THE FARM HOME 764
O DEPRECIATION AND OUTLAY ON NON-AGRICULTURAL MATERIALS 766
DEPRECIATION, 766—MATERIALS OF NON-AGRICULTURAL ORIGIN, 769
APPENDIX TABLES FOR CHARTS
APPENDIX TABLES FOR CHARTS 773
SOURCES CITED
SOURCES CITED 801
INDEX
INDEX 817
LIST OF MAPS
MAP 1 SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS OF THE USSR AND PRINCIPAL
DIVISIONS OF THE RSFSR 104
MAP 2 NATURAL DIVISIONS OF THE USSR 105
MAP 3 AVERAGE ANNUAL PRECIPITATION IN THE USSR 106
MAP 4 SOILS OF THE USSR 107
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| spelling | Jasny, Naum 1883-1967 Verfasser (DE-588)101182562 aut The socialized agriculture of the USSR plans and performance by Naum Jasny Repr. Stanford, Calif. Univ. Press 1967 XV, 837 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Grain economics series 5 Agricultura (Aspectos Economicos) larpcal Agriculture - Aspect économique - Russie Agriculture - Aspect économique - URSS ram Ciencias Agrarias larpcal URSS. Agriculture bdic Landwirtschaft Agriculture Economic aspects Soviet Union Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 g Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 s DE-604 Grain economics series 5 (DE-604)BV005623679 5 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025786139&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Jasny, Naum 1883-1967 The socialized agriculture of the USSR plans and performance Grain economics series Agricultura (Aspectos Economicos) larpcal Agriculture - Aspect économique - Russie Agriculture - Aspect économique - URSS ram Ciencias Agrarias larpcal URSS. Agriculture bdic Landwirtschaft Agriculture Economic aspects Soviet Union Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4034402-2 (DE-588)4077548-3 |
| title | The socialized agriculture of the USSR plans and performance |
| title_auth | The socialized agriculture of the USSR plans and performance |
| title_exact_search | The socialized agriculture of the USSR plans and performance |
| title_full | The socialized agriculture of the USSR plans and performance by Naum Jasny |
| title_fullStr | The socialized agriculture of the USSR plans and performance by Naum Jasny |
| title_full_unstemmed | The socialized agriculture of the USSR plans and performance by Naum Jasny |
| title_short | The socialized agriculture of the USSR |
| title_sort | the socialized agriculture of the ussr plans and performance |
| title_sub | plans and performance |
| topic | Agricultura (Aspectos Economicos) larpcal Agriculture - Aspect économique - Russie Agriculture - Aspect économique - URSS ram Ciencias Agrarias larpcal URSS. Agriculture bdic Landwirtschaft Agriculture Economic aspects Soviet Union Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Agricultura (Aspectos Economicos) Agriculture - Aspect économique - Russie Agriculture - Aspect économique - URSS Ciencias Agrarias URSS. Agriculture Landwirtschaft Agriculture Economic aspects Soviet Union Sowjetunion |
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