Holdings: The African-American odyssey

The African-American odyssey:

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Hine, Darlene Clark (Author), Hine, William C. (Author), Harrold, Stanley (Author)
Format:	Book
Language:	English
Published:	Boston [u.a.] Prentice Hall 2011
Edition:	Combined vol., 5. ed.
Subjects:	Geschichte Schwarze. USA African Americans African Americans > History Schwarze USA
Online Access:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Physical Description:	Getr. Zählung Ill., graph. Darst.
ISBN:	9780205728817 0205728812

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adam_text	PART I Becoming African American 2 1 Africa, ca. 6000 BCE-ca. 16000 CE 4 2 Middle Passage, ca. 1450-1809 30 3 Black People in Colonial North America, 1526-1763 58 4 Rising Expectations: African Americans and the Struggle for Independence, 1763-1783 86 5 African Americans in the New Nation, 1783-1820 110 PART II Slavery, Abolition, and the Quest for Freedom: The Coming of the Civil War, 1793-1861 138 6 Life in the Cotton Kingdom, 1793-1861 140 7 Free Black People in Antebellum America, 1820-1861 166 8 Opposition to Slavery, 1730-1833 194 Ç^ 9 Let Your Motto Be Resistance, 1833-1850 216 ( ) 10 And Black People Were at the Heart of It, 1846-1861 240 PART III The Civil War, Emancipation, and Black Reconstruction: The Second American Revolution 266 11 Liberation: African Americans and the Civil War, 1861-1865 268 12 The Meaning of Freedom: The Promise of Reconstruction, 1865-1868 298 13 The Meaning of Freedom: The Failure of Reconstruction, 1868-1877 324 PART IV Searching for Safe Spaces 348 14 White Supremacy Triumphant: African Americans in the Late Nineteenth Century, 1877-1895 350 15 African Americans Challenge White Supremacy, 1877-1918 380 16 Conciliation, Agitation, and Migration: African Americans in the Early Twentieth Century, 1895-1928 412 17 African Americans and the 1920s, 1918-1929 450 PART V The Great Depression and World War II 476 18 Black Protest, the Great Depression, and the New Deal, 1929-1940 478 19 Meanings of Freedom: Culture and Society in the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s, 1930-1950 508 20 The World War II Era and the Seeds of a Revolution, 1936-1948 538 PART VI The Black Revolution 568 21 The Freedom Movement, 1950-1965 570 22 Black Nationalism, Black Power, Black Arts, 1965-1980 606 23 African Americans at the Millennium, 1980-2010 642 24 The Triumph of Black Politics: 1980 to the Present, 1980-2010 670 Epilogue: A Nation within a Nation 698 vii 4-í Preface xxii part i Becoming African American 2 Й О (1) Жіса, ca. 6000 всЕ-са. 1600 ce 4 A Huge and Diverse Land 6 The Birthplace of Humanity 6 Ancient Civilizations and Old Arguments 8 Egyptian Civilization 9 Kush, Meroë, and Axum 10 West Africa 12 Ancient Ghana 13 ШїШІІйЇІІІ Al Bakri Describes Kumbi Saleh and Ghana s Royal Court 14 The Empire of Mali, 1230-1468 14 The Empire of Songhai, 1464—1591 15 The West African Forest Region 16 Kongo and Angola 1 g West African Society and Culture 19 Families and Villages 1 g АЯі A Dutch Visitor Describes Benin City 20 PROFILE: Nzinga Mbemba (Affonso I) of Kongo 21 Women 2 2 Class and Slavery 22 Religion 22 Art and Music 23 Literature: Oral Histories, Poetry, and Tales 23 Technology 24 Conclusion 25 Recommended Reading 26 Additional Bibliography 26 Retracing the Odyssey 27 Review Questions 27 myhistorylab Connections 27 Roots of Culture M The Ancient Manuscripts of Timbuktu 28 3o J Wddle Passage, ca. 1450-1809 Vlil The European Age of Exploration and Colonization 32 The Slave Trade in Africa 33 The Origins of the Atlantic Slave Trade 33 Growth of the Atlantic Slave Trade 36 CONTENTS ЇХ The African-American Ordeal from Capture to Destination 37 The Crossing 39 The Slavers and Their Technology 40 A Slave s Story 41 A Captain s Story 41 P R O F 1 L Ľ : Olaudah Equiano 42 Provisions for the Middle Passage 43 Sanitation, Disease, and Death 44 ШШЕШЅШШ- The Journal of a Dutch Slaver 45 Resistance and Revolt at Sea 45 Cruelty 46 P R О F I I. E : Ayuba Suleiman Diaüo of Bandu 47 ШШШШШЖ Dysentery (or the Bloody Flux) 48 African Women on Slave Ships 48 Landing and Sale in the West Indies 48 Seasoning 49 The End of die Journey: Masters and Slaves in the Americas 51 The Ending of die Adantic Slave Trade 5 2 Conclusion 53 Recommended Reading 53 Additional Bibliography 54 Retracing the Odyssey 54 Review Questions 54 myhistorylab Connections 55 Visualizing the Past ■4 The Voyage to Slavery 56 Mâck People in Colonial North America, 1526-1763 58 The Peoples of Nordi America 6 1 American Indians 61 The Spanish Empire 62 The British and Jamestown 62 Africans Arrive in the Chesapeake 63 Black Servitude in die Chesapeake 63 Race and the Origins of Black Slavery 64 The Emergence of Chattel Slaven 65 Bacon s Rebellion and American Slavery 65 Plantation Slavery, 1700-1750 66 Tobacco Colonies 66 P R O F 1 L E : Anthonyjohnson 66 Low-Country Slavery 68 ШЕЕіЕШЕШШ A Description of an Eighteenth-Century Virginia Plantation 69 Plantation Technology 70 Slave life in Early America 70 Miscegenation and Creolization 71 The Origins of African-American Culture 7 2 The Great Awakening 73 Language, Music, and Folk Literature 74 The African-American Impact on Colonial Culture 75 ■Џ:Ѓ<&}1-.Ф.Ш$; A Poem by Jupiter Hammon 75 Slavery in the Northern Colonies 76 Slavery in Spanish Florida and French Louisiana 77 African Americans in New Spain s Northern Borderlands 78 Black Women in Colonial America 79 Black Resistance and Rebellion 80 Conclusion 81 Recommended Reading 81 Additional Bibliography 82 Retracing the Odyssey 84 Review Questions 84 myhistorylab Connections 85 Mšing Expectations: African Americans and the Struggle for Independence, 1763-1783 86 The Crisis of die British Empire 88 The Declaration of Independence and African Americans 90 ľ R O E ! I. E : Crispus Attacks 91 The Impact of the Enlightenment 92 African Americans in the Revolutionary Debate 92 Ц Q -ЏШ Ш S; Boston s Slaves Link Their Freedom to American Liberty 94 Black Enlightenment 95 Phillis Wheatley and Poetry 95 fó<Sł C E S Phillis Wheatley on Liberty and Natural Rights 96 Benjamin Banneker and Science д6 African Americans in the War for Independence 97 Black Loyalists 98 Black Patriots 99 The Revolution and Emancipation 1 ο ι The Revolutionär) Impact 102 The Revolutionaiy Promise і 04 Conclusion юг, Recommended Reading ioti Additional Bibliography 107 Retracing the Odyssey 108 Revieui Questions 108 imhistorylab Connections 109 5 Mrican Americans in the New Nation, 1783-1820 Forces for Freedom 1 12 Northern Emancipation 113 The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 110 1 10 χ CONTENTS Ρ R O 1 1 L E : Elizabeth Freeman 116 Antislavery Societies in the North and the Upper South 117 Manumission and Self-Purchase 117 The Emergence of a Free Black Class in the South 118 Forces for Slavery 118 The U.S. Constitution 119 Cotton 120 The Louisiana Purchase and African Americans in the Lower Mississippi Valley 120 Conservatism and Racism 121 The Emergence of Free Black Communities 122 The Origins of Independent Black Churches 123 V. Ö ϊ β Ε iS Richard Allen on the Break with St. George s Church 124 The First Black Schools 125 VOICES Absalom Jones Petitions Congress on Behalf of Fugitives Facing Reenslavement 126 Black Leaders and Choices 127 ľ R O Y I I. К James Forten 128 Migration 129 Slave Uprisings 129 The White Southern Reaction 130 The War of 1812 131 The Missouri Compromise 132 Conclusion 134 Recommended Reading 134 Additional Bibliography 135 Retracing the Odyssey 136 Review Questions 136 myhislorylab Connections 137 PART II Slavery, Abolition, and the Quest for Freedom: The Coming of the Civil War, 1793-1861 138 6) Life in the Cotton Kingdom, 1793-1861 140 The Expansion of Slavery 142 Slave Population Growth 142 ľ R <) l· I I К : Solomon Northup 143 Ownership of Slaves in the Old South 144 Slave Labor in Agriculture 145 Tobacco 145 Rice 145 Sugar 146 Cotton 147 Cotton and Technology 149 Other Crops 14g House Servants and Skilled Slaves 150 Urban and Industrial Slavery 150 ШІЙіїШіЯІЇЇ Frederick Douglass on the Readiness of Masters to Use the Whip 152 Punishment 152 The Domestic Slave Trade 153 Slave Families 153 P R O F 1 1. К : William Ellison 154 Children 155 ШИІІИИВ A Slaveholder Describes a New Purchase 156 Sexual Exploitation 156 Diet 157 Clothing 157 Health 158 The Socialization of Slaves 159 Religion 159 The Character of Slavery and Slaves 160 Conclusion 161 Recommended Reading 161 Additional Bibliography 162 Retracing the Odyssey 164 Review Questions 164 myhistorylab Connections 165 І Pree Black People in Antebellum America, 1820-1861 166 Demographics of Freedom 168 The Jacksonian Era 170 Limited Freedom in the North 172 Black Laws 172 Disfranchisement 173 Segregation 174 Black Communities in the Urban North 176 The Black Family 176 The Struggle For Employment 176 The Northern Black Elite 177 МШЙІ^Ш&Ш Maria W. Stewart on the Condition of Black Workers 178 Inventors 178 Professionals 179 Artists and Musicians 179 Authors 180 African-American Institutions 181 Churches 181 P R Ο Κ Ι Ι. Κ : Stephen Smith and William Whipper, Partners in Business and Reform 182 CONTENTS Xl ІВІІР: The Constitution of the Pittsburgh African Education Society 183 Schools 184 Voluntary Associations 184 Free African Americans in the Upper South 185 Free African Americans in the Deep South 187 Free African Americans in the Far West 188 Conclusion 1 8g Recommended Reading 189 Additional Bibliography 190 Retracing the Odyssey 192 Review Questions 192 myhistorylab Connections 193 8 Opposition to Slavery, 1730-1833 194 Abolitionism Begins in America 196 From Gabriel to Denmark Vesey 197 A Country in Turmoil 199 Political Paranoia 199 The Second Great Awakening 200 The Benevolent Empire 200 Colonization 201 Black Nationalism and Colonization 202 Black Opposition to Colonization 203 Black Abolitionist Women 203 ШШЯВЁШ William Watkins Opposes Colonization 204 The Baltimore Alliance 205 ľ R O FII, F. : Maria W. Stewart 205 ШЯШШШТ A Black Woman Speaks Out on the Right to Education 206 David Walker and Nat Turner 207 P R O F I L Ľ : David Walker 209 Conclusion 208 Recommended Reading 209 Additional Bibliography 210 Retracing the Odyssey 212 Reviexu Questions 212 myhistoiylab Connections 213 Roots of Culture · Freedom s Journal 214 9 tet Your Motto Be Resistance, 1833-1850 216 A Rising Tide of Racism and Violence 218 Antiblack and Antiabolitionist Riots 219 Texas and the War against Mexico 219 The Antislavery Movement 220 The American Anti-Slavery Society 220 Black and Women s Antislavery Societies 222 Moral Suasion 222 ľ R О F I I, 1 : Sqjourner Truth 223 Black Community Institutions 224 The Black Convention Movement 225 Black Churches in the Antislavery Cause 225 Black Newspapers 225 V О Ї G ES Frederick Douglass Describes an Awkward Situation 22(1 The American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society and the Liberty Party 226 ľ R () I I I I : Henry Highland Garnet 227 A More Aggressive Abolitionism 228 The Amistad and the Creole 228 The Underground Railroad 228 Technolog) and the Underground Railroad 230 Canada West 230 Black Militancy 2 31 V ÖÏ ĆJK S Martin R. Delany Describes His Vision of a Black Nation 232 Frederick Douglass 232 Revival of Black Nationalism 233 Conclusion 234 Recommended Reading 234 Additional Bibliography 235 Retracing the Odyssey 23!) Review Questions 236 myhistorylab Connections 237 Visualizing the Past -^ Spkakinc; Out agains t Slavery 238 Íl And Black People Were at the Heart of It , 1846-1861 що The Lure of the West 2 4 2 Free Labor versus Slave Labor 243 The Wilmot Proviso 243 African Americans and the Gold Rush 243 California and the Compromise of 1850 244 Fugitive Slave Laws 245 V O I Čí E S African Americans Respond to the Fugitive Slave Law 246 Fugitive Slaves 247 William and Ellen Craft 247 ľ R O Fl I F Mary Ellen Pleasant 248 Shadrach Minkins 249 The Battle At Christiana 249 Anthony Burns 249 Xli CONTENTS P R O F I L E : Thomas Sims, a Fugitive Stove 250 Margaret Garner 251 The Rochester Convention, 1853 251 Nativism and the Know-No things 252 Uncle Tom s Cabin 252 The Kansas-Nebraska Act 253 Preston Brooks Attacks Charles Sumner 254 The Dred Scott Decision 255 Questions for the Court 255 Reaction to the Dred Scott Decision 256 White Northerners and Black Americans 256 PROFIL E : Martin Deìany 257 The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 258 Abraham Lincoln and Black People 258 John Brown and the Raid on Harpers Ferry 258 Planning the Raid 259 The Raid 259 The Reaction 260 The Election of Abraham Lincoln 260 Black People Respond to Lincoln s Election 261 Disunion 261 Conclusion 262 Recommended Reading 263 Additional Bibliography 263 Retracing the Odyssey 264 Review Questions 264 myhistorylab Connections 265 PART III The Civil War, Emancipation, and Black Reconstruction: The Second American Revolution 266 11 Liberation: African Americans and the Civil War, 1861-1865 268 Lincoln s Aims 270 Black Men Volunteer and Are Rejected 271 Union Policies toward Confederate Slaves 271 Contraband 271 Lincoln s Initial Position 272 Lincoln Moves Toward Emancipation 273 Lincoln Delays Emancipation 273 Black People Reject Colonization 273 The Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation 274 Northern Reaction to Emancipation 275 Political Opposition to Emancipation 275 The Emancipation Proclamation 275 Limits of the Proclamation 276 Effects of the Proclamation on the South 276 Black Men Fight f or the Union 277 The First South Carolina Volunteers 277 P R O V ! L E : Elizabeth Keckley 279 The Second South Carolina Volunteers 280 The 54th Massachusetts Regiment 2 80 Black Soldiers Confront Discrimination 281 Black Men in Combat 281 The Assault on Battery Wagner 282 Olustee 283 The Crater 283 WÊOiIvaSilí Ш Leims Douglass Describes the Fighting at Battery Wagner 284 The Confederate Reaction to Black Soldiers 284 The Abuse and Murder of Black Troops 284 The Fort Pillow Massacre 285 ШЯІЇЯІВШ A Black Nurse on the Horrors of War and the Sacrifice of Black Soldiers 286 Black Men in the Union Navy 286 Liberators, Spies, and Guides 286 Violent Opposition to Black People 287 The New York City Draft Riot 287 Union Troops and Slaves 287 P R O F I L Ľ : Harriet Tubman 288 Refugees 289 Black People and the Confederacy 289 Skilled and Unskilled Slaves in Southern Industry 289 The Impressment of Black People 290 Confederates Enslave Free Black People 290 Black Confederates 290 Personal Servants 291 Black Men Fighting for the South 291 Black Opposition to the Confederacy 291 The Confederate Debate on Black Troops 292 Conclusion 293 Recommended Reading 294 Additional Bibliography 294 Retracing the Odyssey 296 Review Questions 296 myhistorylab Connections 297 Tifi? Meaning of Freedom: The Promise of Reconstruction, 1865-1868 298 The End of Slavery 300 Differing Reactions of Former Slaves Reuniting Black Families 301 Land 301 Special Field Order #15 302 The Port Royal Experiment 302 301 CONTENTS хш The Freedmen s Bureau 302 Southern Homestead Act 303 ^JlUfiBiBe A Freedmen s Bureau Commissioner Tells Freed People What Freedom Means 304 Sharecropping 304 The Black Church 304 Education 306 Black Teachers 307 Black Colleges 308 Response of White Southerners 308 Violence 309 P R О F 1 L F. : Charlotte E. Ray 309 The Crusade for Political and Civil Rights 310 Presidential Reconstruction under Andrew Johnson 311 Ш1в§1\|Й§Е8Е A Northern Black Woman on Teaching Freedmen 311 Black Codes 312 Black Conventions 312 P R O F ILE: Aaron A. Bradley 313 The Radical Republicans 314 Radical Proposals 314 The Freedmen s Bureau Bill and the Civil Rights Bill 315 Johnson s Vetoes 315 The Fourteenth Amendment 315 Radical Reconstruction 316 Universal Manhood Suffrage 316 Black Politics 316 Sit-ins and Strikes 317 The Reaction of White Southerners 317 Conclusion 317 Recommended Reading 318 Additional Bibliography 318 Retracing the Odyssey 320 Review Questions 320 myhistorylab Connections 321 Visualizing the Past Λ Higher Education for African Americans Begins 322 ПЗ) írre Meaning of Freedom: The Failure of Reconstruction, 1868-1877 324 Constitutional Conventions 326 Elections 327 Black Political Leaders 327 The Issues 329 Education and Social Welfare 329 Civil Rights 329 Economic Issues 330 P R O F I I F : The Gibbs Brothers 330 Land 331 Business and Industry 331 Black Politicians: An Evaluation 331 Republican Factionalism 331 Opposition 332 The Ku Klux Klan 332 P R O F I F F : The Rollin Sisters 333 The West 335 V ^Фії <ß Ш S An Appeal for Help against the Klan 335 The Fifteenth Amendment 336 The Enforcement Acts 336 The North and Reconstruction 337 #ШІ1ЙЩі Black Leaders Support the Passage of a Civil Rights Act 338 The Freedmen s Bank 338 The Civil Rights Act of 1875 339 The End of Reconstruction 339 Violent Redemption 339 The Shotgun Policy 340 The Hamburg Massacre 340 The Compromise of 1877 341 Conclusion 342 Recommended Reading 342 Additional Bibliography 343 Retracing the Odyssey 344 Review Questions 345 myhistorylab Connections 345 Roots of Culture ■4 Frances Ei.i.en Watkins Harper, Sketches of Southern Life 346 PART IV Searching for Safe Spaces 348 White Supremacy Triumphant: African Americans in the Late Nineteenth Century, 1877-1895 350 Politics 353 Black Congressmen 353 Democrats and Farmer Discontent 354 The Colored Farmers Alliance 355 The Populist Party 355 XIV CONTENTS Disfranchisement 356 Evading the Fifteenth Amendment 356 Mississippi 357 South Carolina 357 The Grandfather Clause 357 The Force Bill 358 Segregation 358 Jim Crow 358 Segregation on the Railroads 358 Plessy V. Ferguson 359 Streetcar Segregation 359 Segregation Proliferates 359 ЧРЗДШЙШШ Majority and Dissenting Opinions on Plessy v. Ferguson 360 Racial Etiquette 360 Violence 361 Washington County, Texas 361 The Phoenix Riot 361 The Wilmington Riot 361 The New Orleans Riot 362 Lynching 362 Rape 364 ľ R O lil 1 : Ida Weih Barnett 365 Migration 366 The Liberian Exodus 366 The Exodusters 366 Migration within the South 367 Black Farm Families 367 Cultivating Cotton 368 Sharecroppers 369 Renters 369 Crop Liens 36g Peonage 369 Black Landowners 370 White Resentment of Black Success 370 African Americans and Southern Courts 370 Segregated Justice 371 УЖІЖЧІЇІ Cash and Debt for the Black Cotton Farmer 371 ľ К о I· I t. ι· Johnson C. Whittaker 372 The Convict Lease System 373 Conclusion 374 Recommended Reading 375 Additional Bibliography 375 Retracing the Odyssey 376 Review Questions 377 myhistorylab Connections 377 Visualizing the Past < Going Back to Africa 378 Of African Americans Challenge White Supremacy, 1877-1918 380 Social Darwinism 382 Education and Schools 383 Segregated Schools 384 The Hampton Model 384 Booker T. Washington and the Tuskegee Model 385 ЩЯШІІИЇІ Thomas E. Miller and the Mission of the Black Land-Grant College 386 Critics of the Tuskegee Model 386 Church and Religion 387 The Church as Solace and Escape 388 The Holiness Movement and the Pentecostal Church 389 Roman Catholics and Episcopalians 389 P R O F 1 L E : Henry McNeał Turner 390 Red versus Black: The Buffalo Soldiers 391 Discrimination in the Army 392 The Buffalo Soldiers in Combat 392 Civilian Hostility to Black Soldiers 393 Brownsville 393 African Americans in the Navy 394 The Black Cowboys 394 The Spanish-American War 394 Black Officers 395 A Splendid Little War 395 ШвІіИ^Ш Black Men in Battle in Cuba 396 After the War 396 The Philippine Insurrection 397 Would Black Men Fight Brown Men? 397 African Americans and the World s Columbian Exposition 397 Black Businesspeople and Entrepreneurs 398 African Americans and Labor 399 Unions 399 PROFI L K : Maggie Lena Walker 400 Strikes 401 Black Professionals 401 Medicine 401 The Law 402 P R О 1 1 I Ľ : A Man and His Horse: Dr. William Key and Beautifidjim Key 403 Music 404 Ragtime 404 Jazz 404 The Blues 405 CONTENTS XV Sports 405 JackJohnson 405 Baseball 406 Basketball and Other Sports 406 College Athletics 406 Conclusion 407 Recommended Reading 407 Additional Bibliography 407 Retracing the Odyssey 409 Review Questions 410 myhistorylab Connections 411 m Conciliation, Agitation, and Migration: African Americans in the Early Twentieth Century, 1895-1928 4i2 Race and the Progressive Movement 415 Booker T. Washington s Approach 415 Washington s Influence 416 The Tuskegee Machine 416 Opposition to Washington 417 W. Е. В. Du Bois 417 ШШШШЕШ W. Е. В. Du Bois on Being Black in America 418 The SouL· qf Black Folk 419 The Talented Tenth 419 The Niagara Movement 419 The NAACP 420 Using the System 420 Du Bois and the Crisis 421 Washington versus the NAACP 421 ľ R O F I F F : Mary Church Тети 422 The Urban League 423 Black Women and the Club Movement 423 The NACW: Lifting as We Climb 423 Phillis Wheatley Clubs 424 Anna Julia Cooper and Black Feminism 424 Women s Suffrage 424 The Black Elite 424 P R O F I F K Jane Edna Hunter and the Phillis WheaÜey Association 425 The American Negro Academy 426 The Upper Class 426 Fraternities and Sororities 426 African-American Inventors 427 Presidential Politics 428 Frustrated by the Republicans 428 Woodrow Wilson 428 Black Men and the Military in World War I 428 The Punitive Expedition to Mexico 428 ľ R () 1 1 I F : George Washington Carver and Ernest Everettjust 429 World War I 430 Black Troops and Officers 430 Discrimination and Its Effects 431 Du Bois s Disappointment 432 Race Riots 432 Atlanta, 1906 433 Springfield, 1908 434 East St. Louis, 1917 434 Houston, 1917 434 Chicago, 1919 435 Elaine, 1919 436 Tulsa, 1921 436 Rosewood, 1923 437 The Great Migration 437 Why Migrate? 437 Destinations 439 ШЩ. ШІИРЇК A Migrant to the North Writes Home 440 Migration From the Caribbean 440 Northern Communities 440 Chicago 441 Harlem 441 Families 442 Conclusion 443 Recommended Reading 443 Additional Bibliography 444 Retracing the Odyssey 446 Revint) Questions 447 myhistorylab Connections 447 Roots of Сіл t íj rí; •4 The Photography okJames Van Der Zee 448 W African Americans and the 1920s, 1918-1929 453 45° Strikes and the Red Scare Varieties of Racism 453 Scientific Racism 453 The Birth of A Nation 453 The Ku Klux Klan 454 Protest, Pride, and Pan-Africanism: Black Organizations in the 1920s 455 The NAACP 455 The Negro National Anthem: Lift Every Voice and Sing 456 Up You Mighty Race : Marcus Garvey and the UNIA 456 ľ R O F I 1 F James Weldon Johnson 457 XVI CONTENTS The African Blood Brotherhood 459 Pan-Africanism 45g ЩЩ І ЖгІК S Marcus Garvey Appeals for a New African Nation 460 Labor 460 The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters 462 A. Philip Randolph 462 The Harlem Renaissance 463 Before Harlem 463 Writers and Artists 465 White People and the Harlem Renaissance 467 Harlem and the Jazz Age 468 Song, Dance, and Stage 469 P R O F I L f: : Bessie Smith 470 Sports 471 Rube Foster 471 College Sports 471 Conclusion 472 Recommended Reading 473 Additional Bibliography 47 3 Retracing the Odyssey 474 Revieiu Questions 475 myhistorylab Connections 475 PART V The Great Depression and World War II 476 08) Black Protest, the Great Depression, and the New Deal, 1929-1940 478 The Cataclysm, 1929-1933 480 Harder Times for Black America 481 Black Businesses in the Depression: Collapse and Survival 482 The Failure of Relief 484 Black Protest during the Great Depression 485 The NAACP and Civil Rights Straggles 485 Du Bois Ignites a Controversy 485 Challenging Racial Discrimination in the Courts 486 Black Women and Community Organizing 487 African Americans and the New Deal 489 Roosevelt and the First New Deal, 1933-1935 489 Black Officials in the New Deal 490 The Rise of Black Social Scientists 491 Social Scientists and the New Deal 492 ľ R O F 1 L E : RobertC. Weaver 492 African Americans and the Second New Deal 493 Ì ІІІІІІЩЯІІ A Black Sharecropper Details Abuse in the Administration of Agricultural Relief 494 F R O I I L E : Mary Mckod Bethune 495 Organized Labor and Black America 497 WiffÈÊÊÊHÊ A. Philip Randolph Inspires a Young Black Activist 497 The Communist Party and African Americans 498 The International Labor Defense and the Scottsboro Boys 498 P R O F ILE: Angelo Herndon 499 Debating Communist Leadership 500 The National Negro Congress 501 Misuses of Medical Science: The Tuskegee Study 501 Ш\|ЯїЯіІЇА Hoboing in Alabama 502 Conclusion 503 Recommended Reading 503 Additional Bibliography 503 Retracing the Odyssey 505 Review Questions 506 myhistorylab Connections 507 as Meanings of Freedom: Culture and Society in the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s, 1930-1950 5o8 Black Culture in a Midwestern City 511 The Black Culture Industry and American Racism 512 The Music Culture from Swing to Bebop 512 Popular Culture for the Masses: Comic Strips, Radio, and Movies 513 The Comics 513 P R O F I L F : Charlie Parker 514 Radio and Jazz Musicians and Technological Change 515 Radio and Black Disc Jockeys 515 Radio and Race 516 Radio and Destination Freedom 516 Race, Representation, and the Movies 517 The Black Chicago Renaissance 519 ľ R C) F 1 I. F : Langston Hughes 521 ШШШЕШЅЕЕЕЕе Margaret Walker on Black Culture 522 Gospel in Chicago: Thomas Dorsey 523 Chicago in Dance and Song: Katherine Dunham and Billie Holiday 523 Black Visual Art 524 Black Literature 525 Richard Wright s Native Son 525 CONTENTS XVII PRO F I I. E : Billie Holiday and Strange Fruit 526 James Baldwin Challenges Wright 528 Ralph Ellison and Invisible Man 528 African Americans in Sports 528 Jesse Owens and Joe Louis 528 Breaking the Color Barrier in Baseball 529 Black Religious Culture 530 The Nation of Islam 530 Father Divine and the Peace Mission Movement 530 Conclusion 531 Recommended Reading 531 Additional Bibliography 532 Retracing the Odyssey 534 Review Questions 535 myhistorylab Connections 535 Roots of Culture Λ Katherine Dunham 536 ТВё World War II Era and the Seeds of a Revolution, 1936-1948 538 On the Eve of War, 1936-1941 541 African Americans and the Emerging World Crisis 541 A. Philip Randolph and the March on Washington Movement 542 Executive Order 8802 543 Race and the U.S. Armed Forces 544 ľ R O F I I F : Steven Robinson and the Monţford Point Marines 545 Institutional Racism in the American Military 546 The Costs of Militar) Discrimination 546 Soldiers and Civilians Protest Military Discrimination 547 ШИЙЯЙ! William H. Hastie Resigns in Protest 548 Black Women in the Struggle to Desegregate the Militar) 549 The Beginning of Militar) Desegregation 549 ШЩЩ@ШШ Separate but Equal Training for Black Army Nurses? 550 P R О F I I E : Mabel К. Staupers 551 ИЕЯЯвМШ A Tuskegee Airman Remembers 552 The Tuskegee Airmen 552 Technology: The Tuskegee Planes 552 The Transformation of Black Soldiers 553 Black People on the Home Front 554 Black Workers: From Farm to Factory 554 The Fepc during the War 555 Anatomy of a Race Riot: Detroit, 1943 555 The G.I. Bill of Rights and Black Veterans 556 Old and New Protest Groups on the Home Front 556 ľ RO F I L F. : Bayard Rustin 557 The Transition to Peace 558 The Cold War and International Politics 558 African Americans in World Affairs: W. E. B. Du Bois and Ralph Bunche 559 Anticommunism at Home 560 Paul Robeson 560 Henry Wallace and the 1948 Presidential Election 560 Desegregating the Armed Forces 561 Conclusion 562 Recommended Reading 562 Additional Bibliography 563 Retraf ing the Odyssey 565 Revieiu Questions 565 myhistorylab Connections 565 Visualizing the Past < AiRican-American Soldiers in World War ii 566 PART VI The Black Revolution 568 Trie Freedom Movement, 1950-1965 570 The 1950s: Prosperity and Prejudice 573 The Road to Brown 573 Constance Baker Motley and Black Lawyers in the South 573 Brown and the Coming Revolution 575 Broun II 577 Massive White Resistance 577 The Lynching of Emmett Till 577 ^ШЕШВШШ Letter of the Montgomery Women s Political Council to Mayor W. A. Gayle 578 New Forms of Protest: The Montgomery Bus Boycott 579 The Roots of Revolution 579 Rosa Parks 579 Montgomery Improvement Association 580 Martin Luther Kingjr. 580 PROFILI-: Rosa Louise McCauley Parks 581 Walking For Freedom 582 Friends in the North 582 Victor) 583 XVIII CONTENTS No Easy Road to Freedom: 1957-1960 583 Martin Luther King and the SCLC 583 Civil Rights Act of 1957 583 Little Rock, Arkansas 584 Black Youth Stand Up by Sitting Down 584 Sit-ins: Greensboro, Nashville, Atlanta 584 The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee 586 Freedom Rides 586 ľ R Ο 1· i L F. : Robert Parris Moses 587 A Sight to Be Seen: The Movement at High Tide 588 The Election of 1960 588 The Kennedy Administration and the Chil Rights Movement 588 Voter Registration Projects 589 The Albany Movement 589 ľ R í ) 1 · і 1 1 : Fannie Lou Hamer 589 The Birmingham Confrontation 590 A Hard Victory 591 The March on Washington 591 The Civil Rights Act of 1964 593 Mississippi Freedom Summer 593 The Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party 594 Selma and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 595 ¡ К О I I 1 1 Dorothy Irene Hei^t 596 Conclusio?! 597 Recommended Reading 598 Additional Bibliography 599 Retracing the Odyssey 601 Review (¿uestions 602 myliistorylab Connections 603 Roots of Culture < Freedom Singf.rs 604 Slack Nationalism, Black Power, Black Arts, 1965-1980 боб The Fading Dream of Racial Integration: Black Nationalism 608 Malcolm X 609 Malcolm X s New Departure 610 Stokely Carmichael and Black Power 610 The National Council of Churches 611 The Black Panther Party 6 1 s> Police Repression and the FBI s Cointelpro 613 ДШЯШЯ^Ш The Black Panther Party Platform 613 Prisoners Rights 614 The Inner-City Rebellions 615 Watts 615 Newark 615 Detroit 615 The Kerner Commission 616 Difficulties in Creating the Great Society 617 Johnson and the War in Vietnam 618 Black Americans and the Vietnam War 618 Project 100,000 618 Johnson: Vietnam Destroys the Great Society 618 ШЩШШШШ They Called Each Other Bloods 620 King: Searching for a New Strategy 620 ľ R O I i L K : Muhammad Ali 621 King on the Vietnam War 622 King s Murder 622 The Black Arts Movement and Black Consciousness 622 Poetry and Theater 624 ľ R О F 1 1 E : Lorraine Hansberry 625 Music 626 The Second Phase of the Black Student Movement 626 The Orangeburg Massacre 627 Black Studies 627 The Election of 1968 628 The Nixon Presidency 629 The Moynihan Report and FAP 629 Busing 629 Nixon and the War 630 Nixon s Downfall 630 The Rise of Black Elected Officials 631 The Gary Convention and the Black Political Agenda 631 Shirley Chisholm: I Am the People s Politician 632 Black People Gain Local Offices 632 Economic Downturn 633 Black Americans and the Carter Presidency 633 Black Appointees 633 ШІИШ Shirley Chhholm s Speech to the U.S. House of Representatives 633 Carter s Domestic Policies 634 Conclusion 634 Recommended Reading 635 Additional Bibliography 635 Retracing the Odyssey 638 Review Qiiestions 638 myhistorylab Connections 639 Visualizing the Past ■4 Signs of Protest in the Struggle for Equality 640 CONTENTS XIX ÃFrican Americans at the Millennium, 1980-2010 642 Progress and Poverty: Income, Education, and Health 645 High-Achieving African Americans 645 African Americans Growing Economic Security 646 ľ R O ľ I I. К : Mark Dean s Computer Inventions 646 The Persistence of Black Poverty 647 Impact of the 2008-2010 Economic Recession on Employed Black Women 648 Racial Incarceration 649 Education One-Half Century After Broiun 649 Challenging Brown 649 The Health Gap 650 African Americans at the Center of Art and Culture 651 ľ R <) 1 I 1 1 : Michael Jackson: Man in the Mirror 653 The Hip-Hop Nation 654 Origins of a New Music: A Generation Defines Itself 654 Rap Music Goes Mainstream 655 Gangsta Rap 655 African-American Intellectuals 655 Afrocentricity 656 African-American Studies Matures 657 Black Religion at the Dawn of the Millennium 657 Black Christians on the Front Line 658 Tensions in the Black Church 658 Black Muslims 659 Louis Farrakhan and the Nation of Islam 660 Millennium Marches 661 Complicating Black Identity in the Twenty-First Century 661 Immigration and African Americans 663 Black Feminism 663 тШШШШЕ. Lynn Harris 664 Gay and Lesbian African Americans 665 Conclusion 666 Recommended Reading 666 Additional Bibliography 667 Retracing the Odyssey 668 Review Questions 668 myhistorylab Connections 669 ïFtriumph of Black Politics: 1980 to the Present, 1980-2010 670 Ronald Reagan and the Conservative Reaction 673 Dismantling the Great Societ) 673 Black Conservatives 674 The Thomas-Hill Controversy 674 Debating the Old and the New Civil Rights 675 ШШЕШШШ Black Women in Defense of Themselves 676 Affirmative Action 677 The Backlash 677 Black Political Activism in the Age of Conservative Reaction 67g The King Holiday 679 Transafrica and the Antiapartheid Movement 679 Jesse Jackson and the Rainbow Coalition 680 Policing the Black Community 68 1 Human Rights in America 682 The Clinton Presidency 683 It s the Economy, Stupid! 684 Clinton Signs the Welfare Reform Act 684 Republicans Challenge Clinton 685 Black Politics in the New Millennium: The Contested 2000 Presidential Election 686 Gore v. Bush 686 Republican Triumph 68(5 George W. Bush s Black Cabinet 687 Education Reform: No Child Left Behind 687 Reparations 687 September 11,2001 688 War 688 The 2004 Presidential Election 689 Bush s Second Term 689 The Iraq War 689 Hurricane Katrina and the Destruction of Black New Orleans 690 Barack Obama, President of the United States (З9 1 Obama versus McCain 69) ľ R n I I 1 I Barack Obama (ky¿ 2008 Election Results 693 ľ K o K I I. 1. ■ MichelleLavaughnRobinson Obama ľny, Conclusion 694 Recommended Rending 695 Additional Bibliography 695 Retracing the Odwsey 696 Review Questions 697 nrshistorylah Connections 69- Epilogue: A Nation within a Nation 698 Appendix A- 1 Glossary of Key Terms and Concepts G- 1 Presidents and Vice Presidents of the United States P- 1 Historially Black Four-Year Colleges and Universities I- 1 Photo and Text Credits C- 1 Index I- 1
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spelling	Hine, Darlene Clark Verfasser aut The African-American odyssey Darlene Clark Hine ; William C. Hine ; Stanley Harrold Combined vol., 5. ed. Boston [u.a.] Prentice Hall 2011 Getr. Zählung Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte Schwarze. USA African Americans African Americans History Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd rswk-swf Schwarze (DE-588)4116433-7 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Schwarze (DE-588)4116433-7 s Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 s DE-604 Hine, William C. Verfasser aut Harrold, Stanley Verfasser aut Digitalisierung UB Bamberg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025705849&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Hine, Darlene Clark Hine, William C. Harrold, Stanley The African-American odyssey Geschichte Schwarze. USA African Americans African Americans History Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd Schwarze (DE-588)4116433-7 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4020517-4 (DE-588)4116433-7 (DE-588)4078704-7
title	The African-American odyssey
title_auth	The African-American odyssey
title_exact_search	The African-American odyssey
title_full	The African-American odyssey Darlene Clark Hine ; William C. Hine ; Stanley Harrold
title_fullStr	The African-American odyssey Darlene Clark Hine ; William C. Hine ; Stanley Harrold
title_full_unstemmed	The African-American odyssey Darlene Clark Hine ; William C. Hine ; Stanley Harrold
title_short	The African-American odyssey
title_sort	the african american odyssey
topic	Geschichte Schwarze. USA African Americans African Americans History Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd Schwarze (DE-588)4116433-7 gnd
topic_facet	Geschichte Schwarze. USA African Americans African Americans History Schwarze USA
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