Svatyně za hradbami měst: Křížová hora u Českého Krumlova v jihočeských a středoevropských souvislostech
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Czech |
| Published: |
České Budějovice
Národní Památkový Ústav, Územní Odborné Pracoviště
2012
|
| Edition: | Vyd. 1. |
| Series: | Ediční řada Miscellanea
6 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Item Description: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: A shrine beyond the town walls: Cross Hill (Křížová Hora) outside Český Krumlov in South Bohemian and Central European contexts |
| Physical Description: | 367 S. zahlr. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9788085033403 |
Staff View
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804149801409839104 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Obsah
OTAZNÍKY NAD SKŘETOVÝM OBRAZEM, VINICEMI,
JEVIŠTI BAROKNÍCH MĚST A LADOVSKOU
IDYLOU V
NÁS
[9]
PŘÍMĚSTSKÉ SVATYNĚ:
PERSPEKTIVA STŘEDOEVROPSKÁ A ZEMSKÁ
[25]
•
Město: prostor identity a bezpečí
[25]
•
„Fuori le mura :
středověké hroby a kláštery za zdí
[35]
•
„Campi sancti :
práh proměny duchovního statutu krajiny za hradbou
[49]
•
Od utilitarity ke kultu: poustevníci, zbožná individua,
„vynalezitelé krásných položení
[76]
•
Zbožné adopce: trojí lid barokním městům
[ 101 ]
•
„Teatri montani :
svaté hory na dohled raně novověkých měst
[116]
SIGNA
BELLI,
FONTES
AQUAE, PATRONAE MONTUM:
„SILNÉ ŠANCE MĚST ČESKÉHO JIHU
[137]
„MĚSTA OCHRANNÝ ŠTÍT :
KŘÍŽOVÁ HORA NAD ČESKÝM KRUMLOVEM
[ 191 ]
•
Poutnička hůl, literární brky a mikro(historio)skop
[191]
• „Vera
Crux
nad znesvářeným Krumlovem: prolog ke zrození kalvárie
[198]
•
Spiritus
agens:
městský písař Tschernichen
[214]
•
„K veřejné zbožnosti : stavba a vybavení kaple
[219]
•
Místo „živoucí útěchy : liturgický provoz kaple v letech
1710-1717 [241]
•
Kříž
s
kalvárií
[247]
•
Bez podpory vrchnosti: vleklá stavba ambitu a křížové cesty
[253]
•
Sakristan,
kostelní otec a poustevník:
služba za odměnu v životě věčném?
[276]
•
Kdo „k tomu místu hořel větší a větší zbožností ?
Odkazy a dary Křížové hoře
[283]
•
Aura Křížové hory
[288]
VAN ÚDOLÍM SUCHÝCH KOSTÍ:
NĚKOLIK SLOV ZÁVĚREM
[301]
PŘÍLOHY
[305]
BIBLIOGRAFIE
[339]
SUMMARY
[362]
REJSTŘÍK
[364]
362
SUMMARY
A SHRINE BEYOND THE TOWN WALLS
CROSS HILL
(KŘÍŽOVÁ HORA)
OUTSIDE
ČESKÝ KRUMLOV
IN SOUTH BOHEMIAN AND CENTRAL EUROPEAN CONTEXTS
The book attempts to interpret the gradual changes in the relationship between the residents
of Central European towns and the land beyond their walls and the phenomenon of suburban
churches and chapels. In the case of non-standard types of urban structures (especially those with
several settlement centres), the relationship between citizens and the area in the vicinity of the
town wall was highly reserved up until the 16th century. If sacred buildings were built in these
spaces they were either connected with the utilitarian function of suburban hospitals or with the
neighbourhood of nearby parishes and, in particular, monasteries. In European contexts the graves
of saints or the sites of their ordeals are also found in these locations. Typically, if a place of worship
was built outside the walls on the initiative of a medieval town, it was necessary to justify this highly
rare location with stories that document the will of the heavens (especially the miraculous return
of the Communion Host or a romantic image to the given location, or a vision of the Virgin Mary
or an angel). However, this did not occur very often.
The gradual change in this long-term stereotype of suburban cemetery churches and the li¬
turgical spaces of religious minorities starting in the Wh century marked the beginning of the
transformation of the spiritual statute of the land beyond the town walls. Also contributing to this
change was an awareness of a parallel between Central European space in the vicinity of towns and
the holiest sites of the Christian world outside of Jerusalem (Golgotha, the Holy Sepulchre). At the
end of the 16th century, but mainly during the 17th century and the first half of the
ie 1
century, this
change in the urban mentality led to the development of a new type of suburban shrine that was re¬
gularly visited in religious processions. These chapels and churches were mostly built in prominent
sites (the founders themselves emphasised their beautiful locations more than once in their own
texts), either on hills above the town as a guardian against all types of danger (war, epidemics, fire,
inclement weather) or at springs famous for curing a variety of diseases. Fear of the plague and faith
in protection from saints known as plague guardians played a key role in changing the mentality
of Early Modern period townspeople.
The most common manner in which suburban pilgrimage places were created involved the ini¬
tiative of a prominent and influential member of society to build a sacred bulwark at a site that had
not yet been occupied in a spiritual sense. The individual founding act became an offer for the given
group and was perceived and respected by the local authority as
оле
dimension of the groups identity.
Town councils or other town groups (e.g. guilds or religious brotherhoods) were almost never the
actual initiators of pilgrimage sites; of course, if an individual primary mover did appear in a given
group, they could very effectively become involved in the process of the creation of the structure and,
in certain cases, also become an important sponsor of its operation. A hermit was very often installed
at the location to take care of the building and the operation of the chapel or church.
The book is divided into three main parts offering different perspectives on the studied social
phenomenon. Their respective views can be metaphorically compared to a telescope, spectacles
363
and a microscope. The first section is a comparative study that employs broad temporal and spa¬
tial contexts to examine the conditions for the creation, development and function of churches in
the vicinity of towns. The second section of the book deals with suburban pilgrimage sites of the
17th and 18th centuries in two historical regions in the southern part of the Bohemian Kingdom
-
the
Prácheň
and
Bechyně
regions. The third part of the book is a detailed micro-historical probe
into the specific social situation at the creation and early development of Holy Cross Church on
Cross Hill
(Křížová hora,
Kreutzberg or Kalvari-Berg) above the town of
Český Krumlov.
This suburban chapel was chosen on the basis of the varied composition of preserved written
sources that make it possible to follow its history in several different time periods and on a num¬
ber of levels. The first of these was the birth of religious interest among the townspeople in the
hill near the town in the middle of the 17th century, when the local Jesuits erected a Spanish
cross serving as
a
wetterkreuz
(weather cross) on the hill s peak in the middle of the town fields
and meadows. That an increasing number of town residents visited the cross and that shortly
after the year
1700
several citizens witnessed miracles or had prescient dreams was recorded
in the versed history of Cross Hill written in
1710
by town legal representative (syndic)
Johann
Franz Anton Tschernichen, who had arrived in
Český Krumlov
in
1706.
Tschernichen emerges
as the main creative spirit behind the birth of the local pilgrimage site in
1708,
when the town
council decided to build a masonry chapel with a cloister and Stations of the Cross on Cross
Hill. His name appears not only in the accounting but can also be sensed in correspondence
with representatives of neighbouring monasteries and with the
Eggenberg
nobility, which the
town council (in the middle of lengthy disputes) turned to for help with a certain amount of
success. The initial harmony of interests between town authorities and representatives of the
domain ended following the consecration of Holy Cross Church on
14
September
1710; Johann
Christian
von Eggenberg,
a supporter of the chapel, died three months later. His widow, Marie
Ernestine
von Eggenberg
(née Schwarzenberg),
expressed no interest in supporting the town
(albeit religious) enterprise promoted by the energetic Tschernichen, the instigator of a scathing
attack against her style of governing in the feudal town of
Český Krumlov.
Hence, the history of
the chapel on Cross Hill was connected with both the organisation of joint town activities and
a dispute between the town and its lords. Encumbered by significant financial problems, it took
several more years before the cloister was completed (1714-c. 1730s) with a cell for the hermit and
Stations of the Cross (despite the fact that the chapel on Cross Hill had become one of the most
popular recipients of bequests from townspeople). Nevertheless, this support was not enough
to realise Tschernichen s grand development plans for the pilgrimage site: officials were unable
to attract any religious order to the chapel; this would have been the best guarantee of spiritual
care and the blossoming of this site (the syndic had the
Servite
Order in mind), and no religious
brotherhood formed at the chapel. The chapel therefore remained
-
outside of a religious order
environment
-
with an unusual veneration to
Servite
saints and several prayers and hymns, the
compilation of a versed history of this site and a number of miraculous tales which, however, were
never published.
Although the chapel remained firmly attached to the spiritual spectrum of the town following
Tschernichen s departure from
Český Krumlov
in
1721,
it did not exceed the town s horizon in this
period either. With regard to the number, variety and detail of documents, this period pales in com¬
parison to the previous period of the emerging interest of townspeople in the chapel, which is repre¬
sented in the book by Czech translations of several important documents (the versed history of the
site, prayers, hymns, testaments, the record of the transfer of a miraculous relic of the Holy Cross).
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Gaži, Martin 1972- Hansová, Jarmila 1974- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)133348415 (DE-588)139329145 |
| author_facet | Gaži, Martin 1972- Hansová, Jarmila 1974- |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Gaži, Martin 1972- |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV040672831 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)828789350 (DE-599)BVBBV040672831 |
| edition | Vyd. 1. |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| geographic | Křížová Hora Krumau (DE-588)1032161701 gnd Südböhmen (DE-588)4078019-3 gnd Ostmitteleuropa (DE-588)4075753-5 gnd Český Krumlov (DE-588)1076138969 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Křížová Hora Krumau Südböhmen Ostmitteleuropa Český Krumlov |
| id | DE-604.BV040672831 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:28:48Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788085033403 |
| language | Czech |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025499360 |
| oclc_num | 828789350 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-255 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-255 |
| physical | 367 S. zahlr. Ill., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publishDateSearch | 2012 |
| publishDateSort | 2012 |
| publisher | Národní Památkový Ústav, Územní Odborné Pracoviště |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Ediční řada Miscellanea |
| series2 | Ediční řada Miscellanea |
| spelling | Gaži, Martin 1972- Verfasser (DE-588)133348415 aut Svatyně za hradbami měst Křížová hora u Českého Krumlova v jihočeských a středoevropských souvislostech Martin Gaži ; Jarmila Hansová Vyd. 1. České Budějovice Národní Památkový Ústav, Územní Odborné Pracoviště 2012 367 S. zahlr. Ill., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Ediční řada Miscellanea 6 Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: A shrine beyond the town walls: Cross Hill (Křížová Hora) outside Český Krumlov in South Bohemian and Central European contexts Kalvarienberg (DE-588)4201272-7 gnd rswk-swf Heiligtum (DE-588)4072395-1 gnd rswk-swf Umland (DE-588)4315899-7 gnd rswk-swf Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 gnd rswk-swf Sakralbau (DE-588)4178936-2 gnd rswk-swf Křížová Hora Krumau (DE-588)1032161701 gnd rswk-swf Südböhmen (DE-588)4078019-3 gnd rswk-swf Ostmitteleuropa (DE-588)4075753-5 gnd rswk-swf Český Krumlov (DE-588)1076138969 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Český Krumlov (DE-588)1076138969 g Kalvarienberg (DE-588)4201272-7 s DE-604 Křížová Hora Krumau (DE-588)1032161701 g Heiligtum (DE-588)4072395-1 s Ostmitteleuropa (DE-588)4075753-5 g Südböhmen (DE-588)4078019-3 g Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 s Umland (DE-588)4315899-7 s Sakralbau (DE-588)4178936-2 s Hansová, Jarmila 1974- Verfasser (DE-588)139329145 aut Ediční řada Miscellanea 6 (DE-604)BV037467606 6 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025499360&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025499360&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Gaži, Martin 1972- Hansová, Jarmila 1974- Svatyně za hradbami měst Křížová hora u Českého Krumlova v jihočeských a středoevropských souvislostech Ediční řada Miscellanea Kalvarienberg (DE-588)4201272-7 gnd Heiligtum (DE-588)4072395-1 gnd Umland (DE-588)4315899-7 gnd Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 gnd Sakralbau (DE-588)4178936-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4201272-7 (DE-588)4072395-1 (DE-588)4315899-7 (DE-588)4056723-0 (DE-588)4178936-2 (DE-588)1032161701 (DE-588)4078019-3 (DE-588)4075753-5 (DE-588)1076138969 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Svatyně za hradbami měst Křížová hora u Českého Krumlova v jihočeských a středoevropských souvislostech |
| title_auth | Svatyně za hradbami měst Křížová hora u Českého Krumlova v jihočeských a středoevropských souvislostech |
| title_exact_search | Svatyně za hradbami měst Křížová hora u Českého Krumlova v jihočeských a středoevropských souvislostech |
| title_full | Svatyně za hradbami měst Křížová hora u Českého Krumlova v jihočeských a středoevropských souvislostech Martin Gaži ; Jarmila Hansová |
| title_fullStr | Svatyně za hradbami měst Křížová hora u Českého Krumlova v jihočeských a středoevropských souvislostech Martin Gaži ; Jarmila Hansová |
| title_full_unstemmed | Svatyně za hradbami měst Křížová hora u Českého Krumlova v jihočeských a středoevropských souvislostech Martin Gaži ; Jarmila Hansová |
| title_short | Svatyně za hradbami měst |
| title_sort | svatyne za hradbami mest krizova hora u ceskeho krumlova v jihoceskych a stredoevropskych souvislostech |
| title_sub | Křížová hora u Českého Krumlova v jihočeských a středoevropských souvislostech |
| topic | Kalvarienberg (DE-588)4201272-7 gnd Heiligtum (DE-588)4072395-1 gnd Umland (DE-588)4315899-7 gnd Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 gnd Sakralbau (DE-588)4178936-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kalvarienberg Heiligtum Umland Stadt Sakralbau Křížová Hora Krumau Südböhmen Ostmitteleuropa Český Krumlov Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025499360&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025499360&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV037467606 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gazimartin svatynezahradbamimestkrizovahorauceskehokrumlovavjihoceskychastredoevropskychsouvislostech AT hansovajarmila svatynezahradbamimestkrizovahorauceskehokrumlovavjihoceskychastredoevropskychsouvislostech |