Labor Market Distortions, Rural-Urban Inequality, and the Opening of China's Economy:
Hertel and Zhai evaluate the impact of two key factor market distortions in China on rural-urban inequality and income distribution. They find that creation of a fully functioning land market has a significant impact on rural-urban inequality. This reform permits agricultural households to focus sol...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Washington, D.C
The World Bank
2004
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Zusammenfassung: | Hertel and Zhai evaluate the impact of two key factor market distortions in China on rural-urban inequality and income distribution. They find that creation of a fully functioning land market has a significant impact on rural-urban inequality. This reform permits agricultural households to focus solely on the differential between farm and nonfarm returns to labor in determining whether to work on or off-farm. This gives rise to an additional 10 million people moving out of agriculture by 2007 and lends a significant boost to the incomes of those remaining in agriculture. This off-farm migration also contributes to a significant rise in rural-urban migration, thereby lowering urban wages, particularly for unskilled workers. As a consequence, rural-urban inequality declines significantly. The authors find that reform of the Hukou system has the most significant impact on aggregate economic activity, as well as income distribution. Whereas the land market reform primarily benefits the agricultural households, this reform's primary beneficiaries are the rural households currently sending temporary migrants to the city. By reducing the implicit tax on temporary migrants, Hukou reform boosts their welfare and contributes to increased rural-urban migration. The combined effect of both factor market reforms is to reduce the urban-rural income ratio dramatically, from 2.59 in 2007 under the authors' baseline scenario to 2.27. When viewed as a combined policy package, along with WTO accession, rather than increasing inequality in China, the combined impact of product and factor market reforms significantly reduces rural-urban income inequality. This is an important outcome in an economy currently experiencing historic levels of rural-urban inequality. This paper—a product of the Trade Team, Development Research Group—is part of a larger effort in the group to evaluate the poverty impacts of trade policy reforms. |
| Beschreibung: | Weitere Ausgabe: Zhai, Fan ---> Labor: Market Distortions, Rural-Urban Inequality, and the Opening of China's Economy |
| Beschreibung: | 1 Online-Ressource (41 Seiten) |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV040618060 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20241113 | ||
| 007 | cr|uuu---uuuuu | ||
| 008 | 121206s2004 xxu o|||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 035 | |a (ZDB-1-WBA)093220073 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)874232773 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)GBVNLM005456223 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e aacr | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 044 | |a xxu |c XD-US | ||
| 049 | |a DE-12 |a DE-1102 |a DE-1051 |a DE-521 |a DE-863 |a DE-862 |a DE-522 |a DE-858 |a DE-573 |a DE-860 |a DE-1046 |a DE-1047 |a DE-Aug4 |a DE-2070s |a DE-M347 |a DE-1049 |a DE-898 |a DE-128 |a DE-M352 |a DE-70 |a DE-92 |a DE-150 |a DE-155 |a DE-22 |a DE-91 |a DE-384 |a DE-473 |a DE-19 |a DE-739 |a DE-20 |a DE-703 |a DE-706 |a DE-355 |a DE-29 |a DE-859 |a DE-Re13 |a DE-523 | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Zhai, Fan |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Labor Market Distortions, Rural-Urban Inequality, and the Opening of China's Economy |c Zhai, Fan |
| 264 | 1 | |a Washington, D.C |b The World Bank |c 2004 | |
| 300 | |a 1 Online-Ressource (41 Seiten) | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Weitere Ausgabe: Zhai, Fan ---> Labor: Market Distortions, Rural-Urban Inequality, and the Opening of China's Economy | ||
| 520 | 1 | |a Hertel and Zhai evaluate the impact of two key factor market distortions in China on rural-urban inequality and income distribution. They find that creation of a fully functioning land market has a significant impact on rural-urban inequality. This reform permits agricultural households to focus solely on the differential between farm and nonfarm returns to labor in determining whether to work on or off-farm. This gives rise to an additional 10 million people moving out of agriculture by 2007 and lends a significant boost to the incomes of those remaining in agriculture. This off-farm migration also contributes to a significant rise in rural-urban migration, thereby lowering urban wages, particularly for unskilled workers. As a consequence, rural-urban inequality declines significantly. The authors find that reform of the Hukou system has the most significant impact on aggregate economic activity, as well as income distribution. Whereas the land market reform primarily benefits the agricultural households, this reform's primary beneficiaries are the rural households currently sending temporary migrants to the city. By reducing the implicit tax on temporary migrants, Hukou reform boosts their welfare and contributes to increased rural-urban migration. The combined effect of both factor market reforms is to reduce the urban-rural income ratio dramatically, from 2.59 in 2007 under the authors' baseline scenario to 2.27. When viewed as a combined policy package, along with WTO accession, rather than increasing inequality in China, the combined impact of product and factor market reforms significantly reduces rural-urban income inequality. This is an important outcome in an economy currently experiencing historic levels of rural-urban inequality. This paper—a product of the Trade Team, Development Research Group—is part of a larger effort in the group to evaluate the poverty impacts of trade policy reforms. | |
| 534 | |c 2004 | ||
| 653 | |a Debt Markets | ||
| 653 | |a Economic Theory and Research | ||
| 653 | |a Factor Markets | ||
| 653 | |a Finance and Financial Sector Development | ||
| 653 | |a Financial Literacy | ||
| 653 | |a Household Survey | ||
| 653 | |a Income Distribution | ||
| 653 | |a Income Inequality | ||
| 653 | |a International Economics & Trade | ||
| 653 | |a Labor | ||
| 653 | |a Labor Force | ||
| 653 | |a Labor Market | ||
| 653 | |a Labor Markets | ||
| 653 | |a Labor Mobility | ||
| 653 | |a Labor Policies | ||
| 653 | |a Macroeconomics and Economic Growth | ||
| 653 | |a Markets and Market Access | ||
| 653 | |a Poverty Reduction | ||
| 653 | |a Product Market | ||
| 653 | |a Product Market Reform | ||
| 653 | |a Rural Development | ||
| 653 | |a Rural Poverty Reduction | ||
| 653 | |a Social Protections and Labor | ||
| 653 | |a Urban Development Policy | ||
| 653 | |a Urban Housing and Land | ||
| 700 | 1 | |a Hertel, Thomas W. |d 1953- |e Sonstige |0 (DE-588)129313637 |4 oth | |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Reproduktion von |a Zhai, Fan |t Labor Market Distortions, Rural-Urban Inequality, and the Opening of China's Economy |d 2004 |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u https://hdl.handle.net/10986/14199 |x Verlag |z kostenfrei |3 Volltext |
| 912 | |a ZDB-1-WBA | ||
| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025445559 | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| DE-BY-FWS_katkey | 460769 |
|---|---|
| _version_ | 1819651825479974912 |
| adam_text | |
| any_adam_object | |
| author | Zhai, Fan |
| author_GND | (DE-588)129313637 |
| author_facet | Zhai, Fan |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Zhai, Fan |
| author_variant | f z fz |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV040618060 |
| collection | ZDB-1-WBA |
| ctrlnum | (ZDB-1-WBA)093220073 (OCoLC)874232773 (DE-599)GBVNLM005456223 |
| discipline | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| format | Electronic eBook |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>00000nam a2200000 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV040618060</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20241113</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr|uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">121206s2004 xxu o|||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(ZDB-1-WBA)093220073</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)874232773</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)GBVNLM005456223</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">aacr</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="044" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">xxu</subfield><subfield code="c">XD-US</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-1102</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-1051</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-521</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-863</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-862</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-522</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-858</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-573</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-860</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-1046</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-1047</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-Aug4</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-2070s</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-M347</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-1049</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-898</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-128</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-M352</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-70</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-92</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-150</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-155</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-22</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-91</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-384</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-473</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-19</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-739</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-20</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-703</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-706</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-355</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-29</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-859</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-Re13</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-523</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Zhai, Fan</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Labor Market Distortions, Rural-Urban Inequality, and the Opening of China's Economy</subfield><subfield code="c">Zhai, Fan</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Washington, D.C</subfield><subfield code="b">The World Bank</subfield><subfield code="c">2004</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1 Online-Ressource (41 Seiten)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Weitere Ausgabe: Zhai, Fan ---> Labor: Market Distortions, Rural-Urban Inequality, and the Opening of China's Economy</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Hertel and Zhai evaluate the impact of two key factor market distortions in China on rural-urban inequality and income distribution. They find that creation of a fully functioning land market has a significant impact on rural-urban inequality. This reform permits agricultural households to focus solely on the differential between farm and nonfarm returns to labor in determining whether to work on or off-farm. This gives rise to an additional 10 million people moving out of agriculture by 2007 and lends a significant boost to the incomes of those remaining in agriculture. This off-farm migration also contributes to a significant rise in rural-urban migration, thereby lowering urban wages, particularly for unskilled workers. As a consequence, rural-urban inequality declines significantly. The authors find that reform of the Hukou system has the most significant impact on aggregate economic activity, as well as income distribution. Whereas the land market reform primarily benefits the agricultural households, this reform's primary beneficiaries are the rural households currently sending temporary migrants to the city. By reducing the implicit tax on temporary migrants, Hukou reform boosts their welfare and contributes to increased rural-urban migration. The combined effect of both factor market reforms is to reduce the urban-rural income ratio dramatically, from 2.59 in 2007 under the authors' baseline scenario to 2.27. When viewed as a combined policy package, along with WTO accession, rather than increasing inequality in China, the combined impact of product and factor market reforms significantly reduces rural-urban income inequality. This is an important outcome in an economy currently experiencing historic levels of rural-urban inequality. This paper—a product of the Trade Team, Development Research Group—is part of a larger effort in the group to evaluate the poverty impacts of trade policy reforms.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="534" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="c">2004</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Debt Markets</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Economic Theory and Research</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Factor Markets</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Finance and Financial Sector Development</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Financial Literacy</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Household Survey</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Income Distribution</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Income Inequality</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">International Economics & Trade</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Labor</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Labor Force</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Labor Market</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Labor Markets</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Labor Mobility</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Labor Policies</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Macroeconomics and Economic Growth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Markets and Market Access</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Poverty Reduction</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Product Market</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Product Market Reform</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Rural Development</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Rural Poverty Reduction</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Social Protections and Labor</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Urban Development Policy</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Urban Housing and Land</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Hertel, Thomas W.</subfield><subfield code="d">1953-</subfield><subfield code="e">Sonstige</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)129313637</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Reproduktion von</subfield><subfield code="a">Zhai, Fan</subfield><subfield code="t">Labor Market Distortions, Rural-Urban Inequality, and the Opening of China's Economy</subfield><subfield code="d">2004</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://hdl.handle.net/10986/14199</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="z">kostenfrei</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ZDB-1-WBA</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="943" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025445559</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| id | DE-604.BV040618060 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-28T04:06:50Z |
| institution | BVB |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025445559 |
| oclc_num | 874232773 |
| open_access_boolean | 1 |
| owner | DE-12 DE-1102 DE-1051 DE-521 DE-863 DE-BY-FWS DE-862 DE-BY-FWS DE-522 DE-858 DE-573 DE-860 DE-1046 DE-1047 DE-Aug4 DE-2070s DE-M347 DE-1049 DE-898 DE-BY-UBR DE-128 DE-M352 DE-70 DE-92 DE-150 DE-155 DE-BY-UBR DE-22 DE-BY-UBG DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-384 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-739 DE-20 DE-703 DE-706 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-29 DE-859 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-523 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-1102 DE-1051 DE-521 DE-863 DE-BY-FWS DE-862 DE-BY-FWS DE-522 DE-858 DE-573 DE-860 DE-1046 DE-1047 DE-Aug4 DE-2070s DE-M347 DE-1049 DE-898 DE-BY-UBR DE-128 DE-M352 DE-70 DE-92 DE-150 DE-155 DE-BY-UBR DE-22 DE-BY-UBG DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-384 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-739 DE-20 DE-703 DE-706 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-29 DE-859 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-523 |
| physical | 1 Online-Ressource (41 Seiten) |
| psigel | ZDB-1-WBA |
| publishDate | 2004 |
| publishDateSearch | 2004 |
| publishDateSort | 2004 |
| publisher | The World Bank |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Zhai, Fan Labor Market Distortions, Rural-Urban Inequality, and the Opening of China's Economy |
| title | Labor Market Distortions, Rural-Urban Inequality, and the Opening of China's Economy |
| title_auth | Labor Market Distortions, Rural-Urban Inequality, and the Opening of China's Economy |
| title_exact_search | Labor Market Distortions, Rural-Urban Inequality, and the Opening of China's Economy |
| title_full | Labor Market Distortions, Rural-Urban Inequality, and the Opening of China's Economy Zhai, Fan |
| title_fullStr | Labor Market Distortions, Rural-Urban Inequality, and the Opening of China's Economy Zhai, Fan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Labor Market Distortions, Rural-Urban Inequality, and the Opening of China's Economy Zhai, Fan |
| title_short | Labor Market Distortions, Rural-Urban Inequality, and the Opening of China's Economy |
| title_sort | labor market distortions rural urban inequality and the opening of china s economy |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10986/14199 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zhaifan labormarketdistortionsruralurbaninequalityandtheopeningofchinaseconomy AT hertelthomasw labormarketdistortionsruralurbaninequalityandtheopeningofchinaseconomy |