Kosovo i Metohija od Berlinskog kongresa do raspada SFRJ: istorijski, etnički i bezbednosni aspekti
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Book |
| Published: |
Priština [tj.] Leposavić
Inst. za Srpsku Kulturu
2012
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Item Description: | In kyrill. Schr., serb. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Physical Description: | 170 S. |
| ISBN: | 9788682797999 |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | САДРЖАЈ
Предговор
.............................................................9
Уводна
излагања
...................................................... 11
I
Део
КОСОВО И
МЕТОХИЈА
ОД ПРИЗРЕНСКЕ ЛИГЕ
ДО ПОМЕТКА ПРВОГ СВЕТСКОГ
PATA
1.
Политичке, етничке и безбедносне прилике на Косову
и
Метохији
пре
стварања Призренске
лиге
1878.
године
.............. 19
1.1.
Реформе
Османлиіског
царства на Косову и
Метохији
од почетка
XIX
века до Берлинског
конгреса
......................23
1.2.
Политичко-правни развитак Косова и
Метохије
од
образовања
Призренске лиге до Првог светског рата
............29
1.2.1.
Нова
етапа
у
развоју
Лиге
..................................32
1.2.2.
Положај српског
становништва на Косову и
Метохији
и образована
Пећке
лиге
...................................33
1.3.
Стварање независне државе Албаније
28.
новембра
1912.
године
___42
2.
Стара
Србија
од Берлинског
конгреса
до
ослобођења
.................43
II
Део
КОСОВО И
МЕТОХИЈА
ОД ПРВОГ СВЕТСКОГ
PATA
ДО ЗАВРШЕТКА ДРУГОГ СВЕТСКОГ
PATA
3.
Косово и
Метохија
и проблем безбедности за
време
Првог светског рата
................................................67
6
С.
Словић
/
В.
Зарковић
-
КОСОВО И
МЕТОХИЈА
ОД БЕРЛИНСКОГ
КОНГРЕСА
ДО РАСПАДА
СФРЈ
4.
Безбедносни
услови
на Косову и
Метохији између
два
светска рата
-----72
4.1.
Побуна Албанаца и колонизациони
процес
.......................77
4.2.
Влада
Ахмед-бега Зогуа и
италијанска анексија Албаније
...........81
5.
Косово и
Метохија између
два
окупатора
............................86
5.1.
Особености четничког и партизанског покрета
на Косову и
Метохији
...........................................91
5.2.
Стање
на Косову и
Метохији након капитулације Италије
..........94
5.3.
Ослобођење
Косова и
Метохије
и устанак у Дреници
..............99
III
Део
БЕЗБЕДНОСНИ ИДЕНТИТЕТ КОСОВА И
МЕТОХИЈЕ
У
СОЦИЈАЛИСТИЧКОЈ ЈУГОСЛАВИЈИ
ОД
1945.
ДО
1990.
ГОДИНЕ
6.
Стање
на Косову и
Метохији непосредно
после завршетка
Другог светског рата
...............................................109
6.1.
Односи
између Југославије
и
Албаније
...........................
Ill
6.2.
Уставни, економски и политички
развој
Косова и
Метохије
до Титове смрти
...............................................114
6.3.
Косово и
Метохија
у
првој деценији
након
Титове
смрти
..........119
6.4.
Успон
Слободана
Милошевића..................................
122
Закључна разматрања
................................................125
Final conclusions
...................................................... 133
Прилози из
необјављених
извора
-
архивска
грађа......................
143
Прилози из
објављених
извора
........................................151
Речник турцизама
....................................................161
Литература
..........................................................165
Изводи из
рецензија
..................................................169
CONTENT
Foreword
...............................................................9
Introductory remarks
................................................... 11
I Part
KOSOVO AND METOHIA FROM PRIZREN S LEAGUE
TO THE BEGINNING OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR
1.
Political, ethnical and security circumstances in Kosovo and Metohia
before the creation of Prizren s League in
1878 .......................... 19
1.1.
Reforms within Osman s Empire in Kosovo and Metohia
from the beginning of the
XIX
century to the Berlins Congress
.........23
1.2.
Political-legal development of Kosovo and Metohia from the formation
of Prizrens League to the First World War
...........................29
1.2.1.
New phase in the development of the League
...................32
1.2.2.
The position of Serbian population in Kosovo and Metohia
in Kosovo and Metohia and formation of Pecs League
...........33
1.3.
The creation of the independent state of Albania
on the 28th of November
1912.....................................42
2.
Old Serbia from the Berlin s Congress to the unification
..................43
II Part
KOSOVO AND METOHIA FROM THE FIRST WORLD WAR
TO THE END OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR
3.
Kosovo and Metohia and security-related problems
during the First World War
...........................................67
8
С.
Словић
/
В.
Зарковић
-
КОСОВО И
МЕТОХИЈА
ОД БЕРЛИНСКОГ
КОНГРЕСА
ДО РАСПАДА
СФРЈ
4.
Security-related conditions in Kosovo and Metohia
between the two World Wars
..........................................72
4.1.
The mutiny of Albanians and colonization process
....................77
4.2.
The government of Ahmed -bey Zogu
and Italian annexing of Albania
....................................81
5.
Political-legal development of Kosovo and Metohia
during the Second World War
.........................................86
5.1.
Features of chetnic s and partisan s movement in Kosovo and Metohia
... 91
5.2.
Condition in Kosovo and Metohia upon the capitulation of Italy
........94
5.3.
Liberation of Kosovo and Metohia and uprising in Drenica
............99
III Part
SECURITY IDENTITY OF KOSOVO AND METOHIA
IN SOCIALIST YUGOSLAVIA FROM
1945.
TO
1990
6.
Condition in Kosovo and Metohia immediately upon the termination
of the Second World War
............................................ 109
6.1.
Relationships between Yugoslavia and Albania
......................
Ill
6.2.
Constitutional, economic and political development
of Kosovo and Metohia until the death of Tito
....................... 114
6.3.
Kosovo and Metohia in the first decade after the death of Tito
.........119
6.4.
The rise of Slobodan Milosevic
.................................... 122
Final Conclusions in Serbian
............................................ 125
Final Conclusions in English
............................................ 133
Dictionary of Turkish words
............................................ 143
Enclosures from the unpublished sources
-
archives material
................ 151
Enclosures from the published sources
................................... 161
Literature
............................................................ 165
Extracts from the reviews
............................................... 169
FINAL
CONCLUSIONS
The research field has been marked chronologically from the second half of the
19th century until the disintegration ofSFRY. The reason of such marking lies in the
fact that cultural, political and revolutionary ideas started making a breakthrough
into this area due to the isolation of this part of Europe. This statement especially
relates to the Albanian population since their consciousness appears later on due to
patriarchal way of life, tribal organization and autonomy, non-existence of political
organizations and continuity in cultural development. We can also add the islamiza-
tion of the Albanian population
-
their connection to Turkish and Oriental culture.
From the beginning of the 19th century Porte insisted on the implementation of
reforms process among its subjects in the Balkan. Kosovo was also the subject of re¬
forms. There were great oppositions to reforms among local masters and the subjects
themselves
-
either of Moslem or Christian confession. No matter how reforms had
been radical and unpopular, they contributed to the formation of national consciou¬
sness of the subjects. In the measure in which capitalism started its own destruction
based on the production forces it had created, the same was done by the Ottoman
Empire itself. The modernization itself led to the process of national consciousness
creation, independently of the low level of development. The ultimate aim was the
formation of independent states.
At the end of the 19th century Eastern Question is approaching to its final phase.
Liberation movements of South-Slavic peoples are beginning to undermine Ottoman
Empire, and great powers are beginning with pressure pn-jt to pass and carry out re¬
form programmes in order to improve the unbearable position of Christian popula¬
tion. The first national-liberation war of Serbia and Montenegro against Turkey from
1876
to
1878
meant the first serious contact between Serbs and Albanians. It was
about „violent contact of different entities (Wright). Wars had not been of success
for Slavic peoples, but fortunately, there were Austria-Hungary and Russia, which
approached the policy of sphere of interests division in the Balkan should Christians
win. The possibility of creation of independent or autonomous states was foreseen by
Reihstadts Agreement and Budapest s Convention
- 1876
and
1877.
Independently
1 34
ССловић/В. Зарковић
-КОСОВО
И
МЕТОХИЈА
ОД
БЕРЛИНСКО! КОНГРЕСА
ДО РАСПАДА
СФРЈ
of Turkish defeat, Austria-Hungary did not allow the enlargement of Serbia toward
Bosnia. Russia was searching for the compensation for its defeat in the Crimean war,
while Bulgaria, Rumelia and Albania were given autonomy. Greece was allowed to
annex Thessaly and Crete. Tsarigrad became a free city.
Great powers were for the policy of status-quo in the Balkan. Since sultan re¬
jected London s protocol, which tackled the approach to the reforms in the Euro¬
pean part of Ottoman Empire, he decided in favour of war. Great Britain was giving
the incentive to this war, but Russia made a quick victory, and managed to come to
Tsarigrad via Romania and Bulgaria. Turkey would be forced to accept a prelimi¬
nary peace in San Stefan, on the 3rd of March
1878,
by which it had been foreseen
the creation of the Great Bulgaria under the Russian protectorate. Nevertheless,
Germany, Austria-Hungary and Great Britain were against the Great Bulgaria un¬
der the Russian protectorate. From the fear of the Russian breakthrough toward
Mediterranean area, the three powers forced Russia to revise of San Stefan s Con¬
tract, by forcing it to accept to convene the Berlin s congress. Serbia partly managed
to make use of its acquisition in Berlin s congress. Serbian people would be exposed
later on to revenge terror, which had been given its organized frame in the newly
founded Prizrens League.
In the mentioned political circumstances, the Board of the Albanian literary-po¬
litical circle in Tsarigrad started extending pleas for territorial-political autonomy of
Albanians within Turkey. The plea was accepted by the League for the defence of Al¬
banian people rights, which was given name Prizrens League on the I51 of June
1878.
Its primordial aim was „the distance from each power besides
Portes ,
„preservation
of tsar s rights of His Majesty of sultan
.....
based on the height law sheriat . In early
years in its activity, a great animosity was expressed toward Slavic peoples. Since then
the idea of Great Albania has been developed, and which is present until now. It was
an important moment in the constitution of the Albanian national ideology. The Le¬
ague itself, although it was at the beginning of its activity of pro-Turkish orientation,
was marking its weakness as well. The aim of the idea of Great Albania was the san¬
ctioning of the former ethnic changes and invasion on the account of Balkans Chri¬
stians. The programme of the League was directed against Balkan s states, and indi¬
rectly against European powers which, at least stingily, met the liberation aspiration
of Serbia, Montenegro and Greece. It was latently against Turkey, should its weakness
become dangerous for the anticipated integrity of Great Albania.
Serbs and Albanians were put into violent contact after Serbian-Turkish wars
1876-1878,
since the plan of the liberation of Old Serbia anticipated the possession
of wide Serbian areas which Albanians had already inhabited. The League itself had
different meaning for Albanians and Serbs. For Albanians, it represented an authen¬
tic national-liberation movement, and for Serbs, it represented „Ottoman creation ,
arisen from the need that in the function of the Berlins congress Ottoman territories
should be defended, and as the outcome of the policy offeree directed toward the di¬
sability of Russian claims of the outing at Aegean or Adriatic sea.
FINAL
CONCLUSIONS
135
League experienced an internal transformation later on from Pan-Turkish or¬
ganization into a military-political alliance for the defence of Albanian rights at the
territories which its ideal leaders considered as „Albanian land . Due to the menti¬
oned, it was banned in
1881.
A majority of the League s leaders was of Pro-Turkish
orientation, while a minority was for independence. At the end of the century the
League finds a new protector incarnated in the policy of Vienna. Despite the great ex¬
position of the movement, Tsarigrad put down the League by military action. In such
circumstances Albanians from Kosovo and Metohia did not pay attention to Turkish
power. They had personal fights with Serbs, and were subject to Italian and Austria-
Hungarian propaganda. Austria-Hungarian propaganda was based on the interests
of Vienna to prepare annexing of Bosnia and Herzegovina and develop its presence
and influence in so called Novopazarski
sandžak,
in order to prevent connection of
Serbia and Montenegro and create possibility of breakthrough toward Macedonia
and Greece. Italian propaganda had for the basis its claims toward Albania, which
were in collision with the interests of Vienna, but had common anti-Slavic policy at
the same time.
In the struggle for the Great Albania concept realization a great role was played
by the Albanian committee in Skopje. As per this committee, Macedonia,
Epir
and
Old Serbia would belong to this creation. This had been a cause for the conflict with
Youth Turks, and which created a turning point in the relationships between Albania
and Turkey. Albanian nationalism and chauvinism particularly expressed itself in
the rebellious performances in the Eve of Balkan s wars. Serbia wanted discretely and
tactically to support Albanian side, so that Nicola
Pašić
had made projections of the
Contract on the Community of Albanians and Serbs in Kosovo Villayet, which was
turned down by Albanian side. From the point of view of European relationships,
Italy and Russia had had anti-Turkish performances and in
1909
made an agreement
on the policy of status quo in the Balkan, support to the principle of nationality in
Balkan s relationships and the one of intervention. For Albania, a preservation of the
previous state was foreseen.
Balkan wars were led by Montenegro, Bulgaria, Greece and Serbia in
1912
for
the liberation and creation of such circumstances in which peoples could develop
themselves politically, economically and culturally. By the provisions of London s
Treaty from the 30th of May
1913,
Turkey is eliminated from Balkan s areas lea¬
ving the issue of division among those territories unsolved due to the misunder¬
standings among allies. Those misunderstandings led to the Second Balkan War
in which Serbia defeated Bulgaria resulting in the division of Macedonia among
Serbia, Greece and Bulgaria. The division was based on factual principle and san¬
ctioned by Bucharest s peace agreement. Serbia is given Kosovo that is
Vardarska
Macedonia; part of
Sandžak,
Montenegro is given Metohia and second part of
San¬
džak,
while Shkodra belongs to the new Albanian state. Independent Albanian sta¬
te was proclaimed in
Valona
on the 28th of November
1912
as parliamentary mo¬
narchy. It was guaranteed by great powers and suzerainty of sultan. Borders with
1 36
С.
Словић
/
В,
Зарковић
-
КОСОВО И
МЕТОХИЈА
ОД БЕРЛИНСКОГ
КОНГРЕСА
ДО РАСПАДА
СФРЈ
adjacent countries were settled definitely in April
1913.
It is interesting to say that
great powers were not unified against this issue. Austria-Hungary, Germany and
Italy were confronting France and Russia which was defended the interests of Ser¬
bia and Montenegro. In October
1913,
Serbia and Montenegro were doing delimi¬
tation process with
Sandžak
and Kosovo and Metohia.
It generally appears that Serbia, after the Balkan wars, did not succeed in finding
a way to settle Albanian issue in a permanent and impartial manner. It was believed
„some combination for common life of Serbs and Albanians would be found as it had
been before Turkish rule . The idea of peaceful integration of Albanians fell at the
first exam: during the operation of Serbian and Montenegrin armies in Kosovo, that
is, Shkodras battlefield
(1912),
instead of the expected co-operation an open hostility
among Albanian tribes appeared. Despite many pressures, Serbian government was
decisive in its intention to preserve newly added area of Kosovo and Metohia.
During the First World War, after the occupation of Montenegrin and Serbian
territories, two occupation zones were formed: Austro-Hungarian with Montenegrin
and Serbian territories, and Bulgarian, with Macedonian and greater part of Kosovo
(Pristine, Prizren, Urosevac). This supported the fact occupation regimes counted
with the territorial projections of Albania only in accordance with their own mili¬
tary-political aims. Italy was anticipating during
1917
„the unification of Albania
under its protectorate, but successes of Serbia after the breach of Thessalonica s front
and latter capitulation of Central powers put that issue off from agenda.
Immediately after the retreat of Serbian army a pressure on Serbian people was
going on. It lasted until the liberation in
1918.
The first years after the liberation and
creation of Yugoslavia, the army battle in Kosovo and Metohia and Macedonia was
gone on, since Albanian
kaçaks
endeavoured to keep up the atmosphere of perma¬
nent rebel by relying on Albanian forces. Violence and loots were often creating a
state of anarchy in which „there is only one pace from the opposition to the demands
of the authority and its non-recognition
„.
Kaçaks
actions in Kosovo and Metohia
were led by Kosovo Committee, founded in November
1918
in Skoedre by political
emigrants. Real leaders were Hasan-beg Pristine and
Bayram Curi.
Kacalťs
terro¬
rism was liquidated in
1924,
but underground and semi-legal battle was continued
via party s leaders ( Xhemijet ) or
Ulegał
organizations (student s
„Bese
in Belgra¬
de). The status of Albanian national minority, and German, Italian, Hungarian and
Romanian, was regulated by Saint
Germens
Treaty of the Kingdom of Serbs Croats
and Slovenians with main powers(USA, England, France, Italy and Japan) the
10*
of
September
1919.
The government of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians tried through
agrarian reform and colonization programme to alter demographic image of Kosovo
and Metohia. Nevertheless, this action turned out to be bad, and non-organized with
the evident breach of legality principles.
The outcome of the colonization was the settlement of only
60.000
of Serbs and
other Yugoslavs on the mostly
non
cultivated and barren land, given by the liquidation
FINAL
CONCLUSIONS
137
of feudal lands, and in less in Albanian settlements and rural lands. The only advanta¬
ge of the agrarian reform and colonization was the elimination of feudal relationships.
Such measure confirmed our attitude it had been merely impossible to reach any agre¬
ement with Albanians
-
it was impossible by assimilation, negotiations, force, and it
is not surprising why international community at the beginning of the 21s1 century
proclaimed Kosovo as the
sui
generis case, and found the solution in the supervised
independence.
Regarding aspirations of great powers toward Albania and Kosovo and Metohia,
a special role was played by Italy. The closer relationships between Italy and Albania
are established in
1920,
which the government of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and
Slovenians opposed. After the Locarno s agreements
(1925),
and Italian-British clo¬
ser relationships establishment, Italy slowly turns to the Balkan and
Podunavlje.
The
king Ahmed-beg Zogu, who assumed the power by the assistance of the Kingdom of
Serbs, Croats and Slovenians, started the politics of closer relationships establishment
with Italy. The outcome
ofthat
policy was the Treaty of Friendship and Security bet¬
ween Italy and Albania agreed in Tirana in
1926.
By this Treaty Italy had established
a protectorate over Albania factually, and definitely strengthened its dominant posi¬
tion the next year, when a Defence Ally between two countries was established. Such
state influenced the deterioration of mutual relationships between Yugoslavia and
Italy. In order to realize its Eastern Mediterranean policy, Italy occupied Albania in
1939
and proclaimed it as its colony. At the beginning of the
1937,
Yugoslavia will
have fallen under Italian influence and will have stipulated the Agreement on the En¬
largement of Mutual Treaties to Albania, by which Yugoslavia
de ture
recognizes the
Italian annexing of Albania.
After the capitulation of Yugoslavia in
1941,
fascist s powers broke Kosovo in
smaller parts.
Peć,
Djakova and Prizren were given to Italian administration, while
Germans retained Pristine, districts along the railroad of
Kosovska Mitrovica
-
Uro-
sevac, and Mitrovica and part of Ibarski Kolasin with the deposits of asbestos until
the end of the war. Bulgarians, besides a larger part of Macedonia, were given
Kača-
nički
district and parts of Gnjilans, and
Uroševac
s
district from
Kačanik
to
Kame¬
nica.
In the areas which „fell to Germany and Italy, that is Great Albania, Albanian
population welcomed the occupation as liberation. They are allowed to show their
flag and other national features, opening of schools in Albanian language with cur¬
ricula pervaded with fascist s ideology, nationalism and non-tolerance toward other
peoples. In the struggle for power under the influence of Italy and Germany, qui¬
slings also took part in it. They were joined by the quislings from
Nedić s
Serbia, so
that the territory of Kosovo and Metohia was with the largest number of quislings
formations in Europe.
An especially important role in the struggle against Yugoslavia played Kosovo
Committee. After the capitulation of Italy, Germany carried out the
reoccupation
of its territories relying on its quisling s fraction among Albanian organizations.
The holders of this fraction founded the Second League of Prizren on the 19th of
1 38
С.
Словић
/
В,
Зарковић
-
КОСОВО И
МЕТОХИЈА
ОД БЕРЛИНСКОГ
КОНГРЕСА
ДО РАСПАДА
СФРЈ
September
1943.
The basic aim of it was the creation of Great Albania including
permanent extermination of Serbs and Montenegrins. Due to the mentioned, it
was very difficult to establish national liberation movement in these areas. The
state ameliorated just in the second half of
1944,
when the defeat of the Nazism
was evident. On the other hand, separatism and Great Albania-related aspirations
were present with the Albanian members of national liberation movement as well.
It was proved by the conclusions of Bujaris conference held on the 1st and 2nd Janu¬
ary
1944.
So, missionary activity of Miladin
Popović
remained unfinished. He had
provided Albanian communists with help in establishing of the Communist Party
of Albania, but at the end of
1943
the ideas of Great Albania broke into it.
Popović
was killed at the end of the war. The decision of Bujans conference was in opposi¬
tion with the ones of the Second session of ACNLY.
In the aim to ensure the power of the League, there was frequent mutiny of
bal¬
lista
from the end of
1943
to the beginning of
1945.
At that time Urosevac, Gnjilane,
Trepča
and Mitrovica were attacked and the uprising in Drenica broke out, which
was put down by NLA and NLA of Albania. Due to the strength of the Albanian pe¬
ople resistance, Tito, as supreme commander of NLAY, on the 8th of February
1945
established a military administration. He appointed
Savo Drljević
for its commander.
Operative headquarter of NLA and
PU
for Kosovo and Metohia with the commander
Fadilj Hoxha was dismissed. Ballistic rebellion had for its aim, the same as the Lea¬
gue of Prizren, the creation of Great Albania. Ballistic rebellion lasted until the end
of
1952.
During the actions against these groups more than
1.000
soldiers were killed
and
70
members of state security, but rebels had over
9.000
killed, wounded and the
ones who surrendered themselves. A lot of rebels went abroad and lived in western
countries as emigrants, together with the prominent representatives of the Second
League of Prizren.
The post-war development of Kosovo and Metohia was also pervaded by the ha¬
bitual form of relationships between Serbs and Albanians
-
the ones of domination
and sub-ordination. Serbs dominated until the Brion s plenary session and dismiss of
the Ministry of the Interior at that time
-
Aleksandar Ranković
in
1966.
Although
Kosovo and Metohia begin with the period of intensified development, relationships
between Serbs and Albanians were at the edge of incidents. The post-war period it¬
self begins with the ban of Serbs and Montenegrins return who were forced to leave
their territories and by their moving in other parts of Serbia. In September
1945,
Na¬
tional Assembly of the Republic of Serbia had passed the Law on the establishment
and structure of the Autonomous Kosovo-Metohian District, which became Autono¬
mous Province by the Provisions of the Constitution from
1963.
The term nationality
was also introduced then instead of the previous one
-
national minority. Relation¬
ships between Serbs and Albanians had been influenced by the affair over Prizren s
process, where people having neither political influence were sentenced instead of
states and party s heads of Albanian communists. After the dismissal of
Ranković,
Albanian population slowly starts its domination over the province. Set free from the
alleged oppresses under
Ranković,
Albanian population starts to carry out the policy
FINAL
CONCLUSIONS
_________________________________________________________________________
Τ
39
of revenge against Slovenian one. Albanians start with the show of their flag, they are
given priority during employment and enrol the faculties. After the pass of amend¬
ments from
1968
to
1972,
and Constitution in
1974,
Kosovo is talked as the seventh
national republic
-
the famous amendment
18.
determines the title of Kosovo. Ko¬
sovo, as the territory with the majority of Albanian population who represented a
national minority in Yugoslavia, is equalized with the republic. Political unrests with
national motives were exposed during the demonstrations in
1968,
via
1981
and later
on. Identification of the Albanian population with the province was a basic assump¬
tion during a special development of Kosovo and Metohia, which national movement
was developed and relied on. The whole Albanian population takes part in it with the
high level of self-organization.
After the death of Tito, the homogenization process of Albanian political and
separatist movement was being developed speedily. It was a bit ambivalent: it moved
from the aspirations toward isolation to the ones toward internationalization. The
aspirations to create a state which will match Serbia were not given up any longer.
The agreement was hard to be reached. From
1987
Slobodan Milosevic has entered
political scene of Serbia, who gains the confidence of Serbian population in Kosovo
and Metohia by running a serial of meetings. By gradual suppress of Ivan Stambo-
lić,
who did not bestow himself to come to Gazimestan in
1989,
Milosevic started
assuming the power largely and immediately started with the voting of amendments
to the Constitution of
1989.
Provinces had been deprived from the right to veto on
constitutional changes, and part of legislative, judicial and administrative functions,
by which provinces were come back into the constitutional frameworks of the Re¬
public of Serbia.
Albanian delegates of the Assembly of Kosovo passed in July
1990
„Constitutio¬
nal Declaration by which the province was being proclaimed as Republic, during the
secret meeting in
Kačanik,
and in September of the same year they passed the „Con¬
stitution of the Republic of Kosovo . Serbia, by the provisions of its Constitution from
1990,
annulated the decisions of Albanian leadership and determined the existence
of two autonomous provinces „as the form of territorial autonomy . All rights to the
members of national minorities were guaranteed by the Constitution of Federal Re¬
public of Yugoslavia from
1992
(articles
11,13,
and
15).
So it came about we had had
two parallel authorities in Kosovo and Metohia
-
Serbian, which is to be legal, and
Albanian, which is to be illegal. Disintegration of SFRY, the latter conflicts between
Serbian security forces and new Albanian striving forces, Liberation Army of Kosovo,
contributes to the internationalization of Kosovo issue.
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Slović, Srđan Zarković, Vesna |
| author_facet | Slović, Srđan Zarković, Vesna |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Slović, Srđan |
| author_variant | s s ss v z vz |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV040601884 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)820435689 (DE-599)BVBBV040601884 |
| era | Geschichte 1878-1991 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1878-1991 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Serbien (DE-588)4054598-2 gnd Kosovo (DE-588)4032571-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Serbien Kosovo |
| id | DE-604.BV040601884 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:27:04Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788682797999 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025429621 |
| oclc_num | 820435689 |
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| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 170 S. |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publishDateSearch | 2012 |
| publishDateSort | 2012 |
| publisher | Inst. za Srpsku Kulturu |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Slović, Srđan Verfasser aut Kosovo i Metohija od Berlinskog kongresa do raspada SFRJ istorijski, etnički i bezbednosni aspekti Srđan Slović ; Vesna Zarković Priština [tj.] Leposavić Inst. za Srpsku Kulturu 2012 170 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier In kyrill. Schr., serb. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Geschichte 1878-1991 gnd rswk-swf Nationalitätenpolitik (DE-588)4041303-2 gnd rswk-swf Nationalitätenfrage (DE-588)4126113-6 gnd rswk-swf Serbien (DE-588)4054598-2 gnd rswk-swf Kosovo (DE-588)4032571-4 gnd rswk-swf Kosovo (DE-588)4032571-4 g Nationalitätenfrage (DE-588)4126113-6 s Nationalitätenpolitik (DE-588)4041303-2 s Serbien (DE-588)4054598-2 g Geschichte 1878-1991 z DE-604 Zarković, Vesna Verfasser aut Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025429621&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025429621&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Slović, Srđan Zarković, Vesna Kosovo i Metohija od Berlinskog kongresa do raspada SFRJ istorijski, etnički i bezbednosni aspekti Nationalitätenpolitik (DE-588)4041303-2 gnd Nationalitätenfrage (DE-588)4126113-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4041303-2 (DE-588)4126113-6 (DE-588)4054598-2 (DE-588)4032571-4 |
| title | Kosovo i Metohija od Berlinskog kongresa do raspada SFRJ istorijski, etnički i bezbednosni aspekti |
| title_auth | Kosovo i Metohija od Berlinskog kongresa do raspada SFRJ istorijski, etnički i bezbednosni aspekti |
| title_exact_search | Kosovo i Metohija od Berlinskog kongresa do raspada SFRJ istorijski, etnički i bezbednosni aspekti |
| title_full | Kosovo i Metohija od Berlinskog kongresa do raspada SFRJ istorijski, etnički i bezbednosni aspekti Srđan Slović ; Vesna Zarković |
| title_fullStr | Kosovo i Metohija od Berlinskog kongresa do raspada SFRJ istorijski, etnički i bezbednosni aspekti Srđan Slović ; Vesna Zarković |
| title_full_unstemmed | Kosovo i Metohija od Berlinskog kongresa do raspada SFRJ istorijski, etnički i bezbednosni aspekti Srđan Slović ; Vesna Zarković |
| title_short | Kosovo i Metohija od Berlinskog kongresa do raspada SFRJ |
| title_sort | kosovo i metohija od berlinskog kongresa do raspada sfrj istorijski etnicki i bezbednosni aspekti |
| title_sub | istorijski, etnički i bezbednosni aspekti |
| topic | Nationalitätenpolitik (DE-588)4041303-2 gnd Nationalitätenfrage (DE-588)4126113-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Nationalitätenpolitik Nationalitätenfrage Serbien Kosovo |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025429621&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025429621&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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