Autism spectrum disorders through the life span:
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London [u.a.]
Kingsley
2013
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XXVI, 550 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 9781849053440 1849053448 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Autism spectrum disorders through the life span |c Digby Tantum |
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| 300 | |a XXVI, 550 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. |c 25 cm | ||
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| 653 | |a Autism spectrum disorders. | ||
| 653 | |a Autism spectrum disorders--Diagnosis. | ||
| 653 | |a Autism spectrum disorders--Treatment. | ||
| 653 | |a Autism spectrum disorders--Patients--Services for. | ||
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| adam_text | Titel: Autism spectrum disorders through the life span
Autor: Tantam, Digby
Jahr: 2013
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS XXI
PREFACE XXIII
Why this book xxiii; Plan of the book xxiv; Stigma xxv; Biological
versus experiential xxv; Limits xxvi
INTRODUCTION
Future enlargement of the ASDs 3; The challenge of the ASDs for
all mental health professionals 4; Challenge and opportunity 5;
Coverage of the book 6; The brain and developmental disorders 7;
ASD 7; ADHD 7; Swedenborg s hypothesis 8; Could some kinds of
ASD be purely psychogenic? 9; Emotional isolation caused by ASD I I
Can experience sculpt the brain? Epigenesis and learning 12; The limits
of neuroimaging 13; How clinically useful is a study of the brain? 14;
Networks 15; Emergent properties 15; Neurodiversity 17; Other
social considerations 17; Scope and plan of the book 18
PART I SCIENCES BASIC TO ASD
I NEUROLOGY OF THE SUPERFICIAL STRUCTURES OF
THE BRAIN 24
Right hemisphere 24; Anatomy 24; Normal function 25; Functional effect
of lesions in adulthood 25; Functional effect of lesions in childhood 25;
Structural and functional changes in the ASDs 25; Parietal cortex 26;
Inferior parietal lobule 26; Normal function 26; Structural and functional
changes in the ASDs 27; Temporal cortex 28; Anatomy 28; Normal
function 28; Functional effect of lesions in animals 30; Functional effect
of lesions in adulthood 30; Functional effect of lesions in childhood 3 I;
Structural and functional changes in ADHD and the ASDs 3 I; Autism and
the language areas 31; Face processing and the fusiform gyrus 31; ADHD 32;
Temporoparietal junction and parietal operculum 32; Frontal cortex 32;
Anatomy 32; Normal function 33; Prefrontal cortex 33; Anatomy 33;
Normal function 34; Case example 35; ASDs and related conditions 36;
Dorsomedial PFC 37; Anatomy 37; Normal function 37; Functional
effect of lesions in animals 38; Functional changes in the ASDs 38;
Ventromedial PFC 38; Normal function 38; Functional effect of lesions
in adulthood 39; Structural and functional changes in the ASDs 39;
Functional changes in other disorders 40; Ventrolateral PFC 41; Normal
function 41; Structural and functional changes in the ASDs 42; ASD 42;
ADHD 42; Dorsolateral PFC 42; Anatomy 42; Normal function 42;
Working memory 43; Procedural learning 43; Deliberate self-control 43;
Mental effort, volition or willpower 44; Perspective taking 44; Functional effect
of lesions in adulthood 45; Structural and functional changes in the
ASDs and related conditions 45; ASD 45; ADHD 47; Orbitofrontal
PFC 47; Anatomy 47; Normal function 48; Functional effect of lesions in
adulthood 49; Structural and functional changes in the ASDs 50
THE CEREBELLUM AND DEEP STRUCTURES IN THE
FOREBRAIN 51
Cerebellum 51; Anatomy 51; Normal function 52; Functional effect
of lesions in animals 53; Functional effect of lesions in adulthood 54;
Functional effect of lesions in childhood 54; Structural and functional
changes in the ASDs and related conditions 55; ASD 55; ADHD 57;
Williams syndrome 58; Amygdalae 58; Anatomy 58; Normal function 58;
Functional effect of lesions in animals 60; Functional effect of lesions in
adulthood 60; Functional effect of lesions in childhood 60; Structure and
function in the ASDs 6 I; Structural changes in the ASDs 61; Functional
changes in the ASDs 61; ADHD 61; Cingulate 62; Anatomy 62; Normal
function 62; Anterior cingulate 63; Mood 63; Emotional flavour 63;
Posterior cingulate 63; Functional effect of lesions in adulthood 64;
Structural and functional changes in the ASDs and related conditions 64;
Insula 65; Anatomy 65; Normal function 65; Functional effect of lesions
in adulthood 65; Structural and functional changes in the ASDs 66;
ADHD 66; Fusiform gyrus 66; Anatomy 66; Normal function 67;
Functional effect of lesions in adulthood 67; Structural and functional
changes in the ASDs 67
INTERACTIONS IN GENES AND NEURONS 68
Introduction to genomics and to genetic interactions 68; Genes,
chromosomes and DNA 69; Genes and the genome 71; Expression,
inactivation and imprinting 71; Epigenesis 72; Penetrance 72; Mapping
the human genome 73; Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs,
snips ) 74; Expression maps 75; Copy number variants 75; Tandem
repeats 77; Epistasis 78; Networks in the brain 78; Local area networks:
minicolumns 78; Anatomy 78; Normal function 79; Functional effect of
lesions 79; Structural and functional changes in the ASDs 79; The cortical
excitability hypothesis 79; Conclusion 79; Working memory networks 79;
Functional networks and fibre tracts 80; Anatomy 81; Corpus callosum 82;
Developmental anatomy 83; Normal function 83; Functional effect of lesions in
childhood 83; Functional effect of lesions in adulthood 84; Structural and
functional changes in the ASDs 84; ASD 84; Case example 84; ADHD 85;
Functional aggregates, modules or systems 85; The default network 85;
Normal anatomy 86; Normal function 86; Functional impairment in default
network in ASD and ADHD 87; ASD 87; ADHD «7; The anti-correlated,
task focused network 87; Attention disorders and the anti-correlated
networks 87; Functional disorders of anti-correlated networks and the
ASDs 88
DEVELOPMENTAL, SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL
CONSIDERATIONS 89
Social factors 89; Social factors in determining whether or not there
is a disorder 89; The social construction of the ASDs 89; Tipping the
balance 90; A two factor model 91; Advantages to society in ASD and
ADHD 91; ASD 91; ADHD 92; Socioeconomic factors and ASD 92;
Ethnic factors and ASD 93; Social factors affecting the symptom profile
of ASD 93; Pathoplastic effects of temperament 93; Schizoid personality
disorder and ASD 93; Social and familial influences on the expression of
ASD 94; Peer influences on the expression of AS or ADHD 95; Social
dominance, power and authority 95; Anger, aggression and violence 95;
Anger and status 96; Assertion and anger 97; How is anger switched
off? 97; Anger and fear, dominance and submission 97; When submission
fails in dealing with someone with an ASD 98; Case examples 98; When
submission fails in dealing with neurotypicals 99; Placation 99; When
placation fails in dealing with someone with an ASD 100; When placation
fails in dealing with neurotypicals 100; Dialogue 100; Anticipation 100;
Violence inhibition 101; Social factors affecting the quality of life of people
with ASD 101; Marginalization 101; Loneliness 102; Friendship 102;
Bullying 103; Cultural factors 104; The construction of deviant
identities 104; Cultural explanations of the causes of ASD 105;
Normalization 105; Deviancy theory 106; Adopting a pathological
identity 106; Acquiring an identity 106; Sexual identity 107; Off the peg
identity 107; Family interaction 108
SOCIAL ORIENTATION, COMMUNICATION AND LANGUAGE 110
Social orientation I 10; Eye orientation I 10; Gaze following III;
Inference from gaze or movement direction III; Gaze direction 111;
Case history: Roger 112; Orientation and ASD I 12; Imitation I 13;
Imitation and ASD I 14; Chunking I 15; Chunking and ASD I I 6;
Communication 11 7; Classical approaches to communication I 17;
Linguistics I 18; Digital communication I I 9; Design features of a
language 120; The medium and the message I 20; Combinatorial
approaches to communication 120; Two fundamental types of
communication 121; Anatomical approaches to communication 123;
Language, speech and writing 124; Anatomy 124; Neuroanatomy and
language 124; Development 126; Normal function 126; Impairment:
speech and language disorder 127; Adult onset speech and language
disorder 127; Anterior dysphasia 127; Posterior dysphasia 127; Developmental
speech and language disorder 128; Predominantly expressive disorders
( speech sound disorders ) 128; Articulation disorders 128; Speech dyspraxia
( phonological disorder ) 129; Phonological disorders 129; Specific
reading and writing impairment (dyslexia) 129; Relation to ASD 130;
Receptive language disorders ( specific language impairment ) I 30;
Syntactic errors 130; Semantic errors 131; Pragmatic errors 131; Semantic-
pragmatic disorder 132; Selective mutism 132; Is the language impairment in
ASD a specific language impairment? 132; Patterns of speech and language
impairment in the ASDs 133; Prevalence of types of speech and language
disorders 134; Management of speech and language disorders 134
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION, EMPATHY AND
THEORY OF MIND 135
Nonverbal communication 135; Are all nonverbal communication
channels affected in ASD? 135; Orienting attention, salience and
interpersonal communication 136; Recognition of emotional
expression 137; Empathy 138; Affective empathy 138; Emotional
contagion 138; Emotional contagion and ASD 139; Emotional
contagion and affective empathy 139; Self-recognition 140; Self- and
other-judgements in ASD 140; Modulating affective empathy 141;
Modulating affective empathy by orientation 141; Modulating affective
empathy by emotional sensitivity 141; Emotional sensitivity and ASD 141;
Cognitive empathy 141; Theory of mind 142; Testing theory of
mind 142; False belief and other narrative tests 143; Spontaneous narrative
and theory of mind 144; Social intelligence and theory of mind 145; Cartoon
tests of theory of mind 145; Simulation theory or theory theory? 145;
Perspective-taking and theory of mind 146; Inferences about intention and
agency from biological motion 146; The Reading the Mind in the Eyes test 147;
When theory of mind and empathy conflict 149; Empathy has to
be merited 149; Empathy modulation 150; Tribalism 150; Affective
reactivity 150; Fear 150; Rules trump empathy 150; Case example 151; Read my
lips 151; Implications for ASD 151
NEUROPSYCHOLOGY OF ASD 152
Introduction 152; Intelligence 153; Testing I 55; Network
dysfunction 155; Nonverbal learning difficulty 155; Relation to ASD 156;
Memory 157; Testing 158; Relation to ASD I 59; Case example 159;
Autobiographical memory I 60; Executive function 160; Relation to
ASD I 61; Working memory 161; Case example 162; Testing 162;
Treatment 162; Relation to ASD 163; Relation to ADHD 163;
Inhibition of prepotent responses 163; Network dysfunction 164;
Testing 164; Treatment 165; Relation to ASD and ADHD 165; Attention
shifting and attentional maintenance 166; Treatment 167; Relation
to ASD and ADHD 167; Repetition and pursuit of sameness: tics,
stereotypies, obsessions and compulsions 167; Motor coordination
and topographical orientation 169; Ataxia 169; Dystonias and
dyskinesias 169; Dyspraxia 170; Ideomotor and ideational dyspraxia 171;
Testing 171; Treatment 171; Relation to ASD 171; Topographical
disorientation 172
PART 2 CLINICAL ASPECTS OF ASD
8 THE AUTISTIC SYNDROME 174
Case history: Ben 174; Differentiating developmental disorder
and mental illness 178; Diagnostic criteria 179; Setting the
scene 179; Historical preoccupation with language 181; Practically
useful criteria for ASD 181; External validity of an ASD diagnosis 182;
Autistic syndrome 183; Dimensions of disorder in ASD 184; Early
recognition of the autistic syndrome 185; Screening for the autistic
syndrome 185; Red flags 187; Is screening currently worthwhile? 188;
Surveillance 188; Differential diagnosis 189; Investigation 189
PRESENTATION, PREVALENCE, TREATMENT AND
COURSE OF THE AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS 191
Presentation 191; Presenting symptoms of the ASDs 191; Attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder 192; Language impairment 193; Prevalence 193;
Rates of ASD I 93; Are there at risk populations? 194; Rates of specific AS
subtypes 194; Rates of ADHD 194; Rates in different age groups 195;
Gender differences in rates 196; Rates of Kanner syndrome in intellectual
disability I 96; Has there been an increase in prevalence? 196;
Treatment 197; Diagnosis 197; Information 198; Training 198; Early
intervention 198; Focused remediation 198; Enhancing imitation, social
orientation and communication 199; Behavioural interventions targeting
core symptoms 199; Early intensive behavioural interventions: applied behaviour
analysis 199; Other behavioural methods 200; Empathy training 200; Social
skills training 200; Social stories 201 ; Floortime 201; Work preparation and
interview training 201; Executive difficulties 202; Stimulant medication 202;
Training 203; Psychoeducation 203; Support for carers 203; Dealing with
anxiety 203; Family intervention and the EE model 204; Counselling or
psychotherapy 204; Group interventions 204; Enablement 204; Treatment
and Education of Autistic and related Children with a Communication
Handicap (TEACCH) 205; Sensory integration 205; Medication 206;
Other interventions that are mentioned in later chapters 207;
Course 207; False assumptions about the course of ASDs 207; Having an
ASD does not reduce life expectancy 208; ASD is lifelong 208; Intelligence
does not change 209; Social disability does not affect quality of life 209;
Quality of life in people with ASD and their carers 210; Burden 211;
Financial burden 213; Predictors of course 214; Language and 1Q_214;
Complex versus idiopathic 214; Conclusions 214
10 CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ASDs 216
The goal of clinical assessment 216; Guidelines 217; Who makes
the diagnosis? 218; The setting for the diagnosis 219; History
taking 219; Developmental history 220; Other aspects of family
history taking 222; Structured observation and examination 223;
Nonverbal expression 224; Nonverbal interpretation 224; Speech
and language 226; Assessing co-morbidity, associated conditions,
social responses and personal reactions 227; Social competence 228;
Empathy 228; Assessing empathy 229; Situational and dispositional
empathy 229; Measuring empathy 229; Report 229; Other informants 229;
Scales for dispositional empathy 230; Testing 231; Rating physiological
reactions 232; Neuroimaging 232; Clinical assessment 232; Nonverbal
inexpressiveness and prosocial competence 233; Other contributors
to prosocial competence 233; Cognitive style 233; Visuospatial
reasoning 233; Case example 233; Testing visuospatial reasoning 234;
Over-focused attention 234; Impulsivity 234; Systematizing 234;
Testing 235; Rigidity and inflexibility 236; Routines and rituals 236;
Sensory behaviour 237; Hypersensitivity 237; Hyposensitivity 239;
Sensory seeking 239; Specific developmental syndromes 239;
Testing 240; Temperament 240; Withdrawal 240; Anxiety 241;
Assessment of co-morbid disorder 241; Psychiatric disorder in the
context of ASD 242; Examples of concrete thinking and the diagnosis of
psychosis 242; Case examples 242; Hallucinoses 245; Delusions 245;
Thought disorder 245; Anxiety and depression 246; Anxiety-related
disorders 247; Social phobia 247; Obsessive compulsive disorder 249;
Panic disorder 249; Disorders specific to childhood 249; Oppositional and
conduct disorder 249; Attachment disorders 249; Security and ASD 249; Separation
anxiety and ASD 251; Reactive attachment disorder 251; Assessing parenting 251;
Assessment of relationship security 252; Intellectual disability 252;
Family or relationship factors 252; Physical assessment 253; Head
circumference 253; Skin examination 255; Dysmorphia fades 255;
Other dysmorphic non-facial features 255; Motor function: clumsiness and
topographical disorientation 256; Sensory abnormalities 256; Abnormal
sensory responses 256; Sleep problems 258; Impact on sleep of co-
morbid disorders 258; ADHD 258; Anxiety 259; Depression 259; Bipolar
disorder 259; Assessment 259; Coda: is there an alternative to clinical
assessment? 260
II AETIOLOGY OF THE AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS 261
Introduction 261; Factors present at conception 263; Biological
sex 263; Heritability 264; Genetic causes of ASD 265; Family history 265;
Bipolar disorder 266; Genetic association of ASD and ADHD 266; Wider ASD
phmotype 266; Sources of genetic variation 267; Chromosome disorders 267;
Chromosome 1 267; Chromosome 2 268; Chromosome 3 268; Chromosome 7 268;
Chromosome 8 269; Chromosome 10 269; Chromosome 11 269; Chromosome
12 270; Chromosome 13 270; Chromosome 14 270; Chromosome 15 270;
Chromosome 16 270; Chromosome 17 270; Chromosome 18 271; Chromosome
20 271; Chromosome 21 271; Chromosome 22 271; Chromosome 23 271; Rare
syndromes 272; Intra-uterine factors 273; Maternal stress 273; Placental
insufficiency 273; Hormones and brain development 273; Nonapeptide
hormones 273; Androgen 275; Infections 276; Teratology 276; Foetal
alcohol 276; Valproate and other antiepileptic drugs 276; Other factors 276;
Perinatal factors 277; Neonatal jaundice 277; Postnatal factors 277;
Psychological events 278; Evidence from orphans 278; Postnatal conditions
having a recognized predilection for the brain 279; Epilepsy 279;
Epileptoid personality 279; Electroencephalography 279; Classification of the
epilepsies 279; Course 280; Treatment 280; Relation to ASD 281; Meningitis and
encephalitis 281; Hypothalamic hamartoma 281; Tuberous sclerosis 282;
Frequency 282; Heredity 282; Genetic cause 282; Appearance 282; Intelligence 282;
Clinical features 282; Investigations 282; Psychiatric symptoms 282; Association
with the ASDs 282; Neurofibromatosis 283; Frequency 283; Heredity 283;
Genetic cause 283; Appearance 283; Intelligence 283; Clinical features 283;
Investigations 283; Association with the ASDs 283; Macrocephaly 284;
Hydrocephalus 284; Disorders affecting sensory function in early
childhood 284; Congenital blindness 285; Hearing impairment 285;
Disorders affecting mobility 285; Dystrophies 285; Leukodystrophy 286;
Mitochondrial disorders 286; Connective tissue disorders 286; Joint
hypermobility syndrome or ligamentous laxity 287; Metabolic disorders 287;
Endocrine disorders 288; Thyroid 288; Miscellaneous disorders 288;
Leaky gut and ASD 288; Gastrointestinal symptoms 289; Environmental
toxins 290; Mercury 290; Lead 290; E numbers 290; Organophosphorus
insecticides 290; Autoimmune disorder and ASD 290; Sydenham s
chorea 291
12 PRESENTATION IN INFANCY AND EARLY CHILDHOOD
(THE PRE-SCH00L YEARS) 292
Relevant developmental challenges 292; First suspicions of ASD 294;
Red flags 295; Diagnostic criteria 295; Case history: David 296;
Presenting symptoms 298; Primary impairment or difference 298;
Secondary disability or idiosyncrasy 298; Tertiary handicap or altered
life style 299; Differential diagnosis and associated conditions 299;
Speech and language disorder 299; Speech and language disorder as an
associated condition 299; Hyperlexia 300; Attachment disorder 300;
Attachment disorder as an associated condition 301; Distinction
from intellectual disability 301; Intellectual disability as an associated
condition 302; Recognized syndromes associated with ASD often
presenting in infancy 302; Genetic disorders 303; Sotos syndrome 303;
Frequency 303; Heredity 303; Genetic cause 303; Appearance 303; Intelligence 303;
Clinical features 303; Investigations 304; Association with the ASDs 304; Williams-
van Beuren syndrome 304; Frequency 304; Heredity 304; Genetic cause 304;
Appearance 304; Intelligence 305; Clinical features 305; Investigations 305;
Association with the ASDs 305; Prader-Willi syndrome 305; Frequency 305;
Heredity 305; Genetic cause 306; Appearance 306; Intelligence 306; Clinical
features 306; Investigations 307; Association with the ASDs 307; Angelman
syndrome 307; 22q deletion syndromes 307; Velocardiofacial syndrome 307;
Phelan-McDermid syndrome 308; Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome 309; Smith-
Magenis syndrome 310; Down syndrome 311; X-linked disorders 312;
Rett syndrome 312; Turner syndrome 314; Klinefelter syndrome 316; Fragile
X syndrome 316; X-linked ichthyosis 318; Other rare genetic disorders
associated with autism 319; Disintegrative disorder 319; Multidisciplinary
involvement 321; Investigation 322; Supplementary assessment and
investigation 322; Facilitating collaboration between healthcare providers
and carers 323; Treatment 324; Psychological interventions 325; Child-
centred responding 325; Early start programmes 325; Increasing parents
responsiveness to children with ASD 326; Postdiagnostic support 326;
Home support 326; Diet 326; Drugs 327; Issues 327; The significance of
regression 327; Electrical status epilepticus during slow wave sleep 328; Does
epilepsy cause autism? 328
13 PRESENTATION OF ASPERGER SYNDROME IN MIDDLE
CHILDHOOD 329
Relevant developmental challenges 329; Play and socializing with
peers 330; What is play? 330; Development of play 330; How play
differs in autism 331; Learning challenges 33 I; Social demand 332;
First suspicions of ASDs presenting in middle childhood 333; Asperger
syndrome presenting in middle childhood 334; Red flags for Asperger
syndrome presenting in middle childhood 334; Screening 334; Case
history: Josh 334; Symptoms of Asperger syndrome presenting
in middle childhood 336; Primary impairment or difference 336;
Repetitiveness and routine 336; Secondary disability 337; Lost
development 337; Being out of dialogue 338; Anxiety 338; Tertiary
handicap 339; Bullying 339; Differential diagnosis for Asperger
syndrome presenting in middle childhood 339; Obsessive compulsive
disorder 339; Associated conditions 340; Sensitivity 340; Associated
conditions 341; Schizophrenia 341; As an associated condition 341; Other
associated conditions 341; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 342;
Dyspraxia 343; Dyslexia 344; Irlen s syndrome 344; Dyscalculia 344;
Visuospatial tasks 344; Savant skills 344; Anxiety disorders 344; Attachment
disorders and separation anxiety 345; Selective mutism 345; Encopresis 345;
Causes of ASD 346; Multidisciplinary involvement 346; Teachers 346;
Speech and language therapists 347; Educational psychologists 347;
Paediatricians 347; Child and adolescent psychiatry team members 347;
Child psychotherapists 348; Investigations 348; Interventions 348;
Home based 348; Health services 348; School based 349; Educational
strategies for dealing with specific study difficulties 350; Bullying
prevention 350; General principles for teaching children with an ASD 350;
Education to reduce the primary impairment in AS 350; Lack of empathic
responsiveness 351; Child based 352; Irritability and aggression 352;
Behavioural narrowing, inflexibility and rigidity 352; Sensory overload 353;
Sensory integration 353; Anxiety and ASD in middle childhood 354
14 PRESENTATION OF KANNER SYNDROME IN MIDDLE
CHILDHOOD 355
Kanner syndrome in the context of learning disability 355; Diagnostic
criteria for Kanner syndrome in the context of learning disability 355; Case
history: Derek 356; Presenting symptoms of Kanner syndrome 357;
Primary impairments of Kanner syndrome 357; Speech and language 357;
Nonverbal communication 358; Repetitive behaviour 358; Repetitive reward-
seeking behaviour 358; Secondary disabilities of Kanner syndrome 360; Social
approach 360; Treating people as objects 360; Treating objects as people 360;
Tertiary handicap with Kanner syndrome 361; Institutionalization 361;
Supported living at home 361; Investigations 362; Intervention 362;
Communication 362; Social behaviour 363; Challenging behaviour 363;
Repetitive challenging behaviour 364; Schooling 365; Parents opinions 365;
Issues 366; Abuse 366
15 PRESENTATION OF ASPERGER SYNDROME IN LATER
CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE 368
Relevant developmental challenges 368; Agency 369; Agency and
capacity 369; False confession 370; Autonomy 370; Identity 371; Identity
and ASD 372; Social competence: self promotion and persuasion 373; Sexual
identity 373; Identity and theory of mind 374; Other people s identity 374;
Memorialization 375; Presenting symptoms 375; Primary impairment or
difference 375; Extreme reactions: to change or for no apparent reason 376;
Secondary disability or idiosyncrasy 376; Tertiary handicap or altered life
style 377; The effects of bullying: low self-esteem or shame proneness 377;
Stigma 377; The effects of parenting 377; Diagnosis 377; Differential
diagnosis 378; Differential diagnosis of communicative disorder 378;
Schizophrenia 378; Speech and language impairment 379; Case example 379;
Anxiety disorders 380; Distinction from neurodegenerative disorders 381;
Case example 381; Differential diagnosis of repetitive behaviour 381;
Differential diagnosis of social impairment 381; Schizoidia and
alexithymia 381; Associated problems 384; Psychiatric disorders 384;
Developmental staging of psychiatric disorder 386; Not fitting in 387;
Psychosis 387; Brief psychosis 387; Catatonia 388; Anxiety 388; Specific
anxiety disorders 388; Body dysmorphic disorder 388; Generalized anxiety
disorder 389; Panic disorder 389; Obsessive compulsive disorder 389; Hoarding,
obsessions and ruminations 390; Depression 391; Grief 391; Defeat 392;
Case examples 392; Hypomania and mania 392; Case example 393;
Caution 393; Treatment 393; Epilepsy 393; Drug misuse 393; Sleep
disorder 394; Eating disorders 394; Anger, aggression, violence and other
behavioural problems 394; Sexual disorders 394; Investigations 394;
Management 395; Primary impairment or difference 395; Impression
management 395; Interview skills training 395; Prosocial competence 395;
Empathy training 395; Physical treatment 396; Secondary disability or
idiosyncrasy 396; Emotional support 396; Social integration 396; Social
skills training 397; Academic support 397; Support for carers 397; Tertiary
handicap or altered life style 397; Transition planning 397; Issues 398;
Normalization and mainstream education 398
16 PRESENTATION OF ATYPICAL ASPERGER SYNDROME,
OFTEN WITH ADHD, IN LATE CHILDHOOD AND
ADOLESCENCE (SECONDARY SCHOOL AND COLLEGE) 399
Relevant developmental challenges 399; Belonging, giving
and taking 399; Self-control 400; Emotional regulation 400;
Consequences 400; Who are the atypical group? 400; Red flags 401;
Forensic considerations 402; Screening 402; Case example 403;
Diagnosis 403; Presenting symptoms 403; Primary impairment or
difference 403; Empathy and prosocial competence 404; Empathy and
aggression 404; Empathy and social gaffes 404; Effortful control and other
consequences of ADHD 405; The confounding effect of anxiety 405;
Cognitive persistence 405; Attention shifting 406; Lists, budgets and
plans 406; Case example 406; Problems with time budgeting 407; Secondary
disability or idiosyncrasy 407; Tertiary handicap or altered life style 407;
Differential diagnosis 408; Distinction from mixed educational
difficulties 408; Distinction from adjustment reactions 408; Distinction
from antisocial personality disorder 408; Distinction from frontal lobe
epilepsy 410; Case example 410; Turner syndrome 410; Associated
problems 41 I; ADHD 41 I; Tourette syndrome 4M; Case example 411;
Anxiety disorders 412; Shaming 412; Substance misuse 412; Specific
developmental disorders 412; Aetiology 413; Investigations 413;
Treatment 414; Medication 415; Long-term efficacy 416; Use in atypical
ASD 416; Issues 417; Forensic problems 417; Violence and threats
of violence 417; Predisposition 418; Risk assessment 418; Violence
and special interests 418; Case example 419; Fascination with fire 419;
Unreciprocated attachment to others 419; Stalking 420; Stranger
violence 420; Homicide and attempted homicide 420; Case example 421;
Violence at home 421; Justice versus understanding 421; Case
example 421; Harassment 421; Protest 422; Offences against property 422;
Paraphilias and sexual offending 422; Paraphilias 422; Sexual fetishes 423;
Sexual identity 423; Paedophilia 423; Case example 423; Sexual
regression 424; Cries for help 424; Victimization 424; Case examples 424
17 THE PRESENTATION AND CONSEQUENCES OF
ASPERGER SYNDROME IN ADULTHOOD 426
Challenges in assessing adults 426; Relevant developmental
challenges 427; Adaptation 427; Case example 429; Fulfilment
of duties 429; Independence 430; Executive skills 430; Personal
care skills 430; Case example 431; Other obstacles to work 43 I;
Interview skills 431; Exploitation and bullying 431; Accidents 432;
Independent living and emotional resilience 432; Transport 432; Case
examples 432; Driving 433; Fulfilment of personal goals 434; Health 434;
Happiness 434; Loss 434; Case example 434; Relationships 435; Spiritual
wellbeing 435; Ethics of diagnosis 436; Case example 436; Asperger
syndrome in adulthood 438; Case history: Mr A 438; Case history:
Miss G 439; Gender differences 440; Presenting symptoms 440;
Primary impairment or difference 440; Communication 440; Social
interaction 441; Imagination 441; Repetition 441; Secondary disability
or idiosyncrasy 442; Intimacy and power 442; Tertiary handicap or
altered life style 443; Independence in adults with AS 443; Enablement by
society 444; Differential diagnosis 444; Frontotemporal dementia 444;
Prosopagnosia 444; Personality disorder 444; Personality disorder in
men 445; Schizoid personality, shame proneness and low self-esteem 445;
Case history: Harold 446; Borderline and histrionic personality 447;
Amphetamine misuse 448; Paranoid states 448; Case example 448;
Covert positive schizophrenia 449; Associated problems 449;
Developmental prosopagnosia 449; Cognitive impairment 449;
Psychiatric disorder 449; Health problems 449; Aetiology 450;
Investigations 450; Interventions 450; Recognition 450; Advocacy and
self-advocacy 451; Advocates 451; Peers 451; Assertiveness training 451;
Care management 451; Sheltered or supported accommodation 452;
Employment 452; Crisis intervention 452; Treatment of associated
conditions 453; ADHD 453; Other psychiatric disorders 453;
Counselling 453; Independent living and employment of carers 453;
Work 454; Sexual satisfaction 455; Genetic counselling 456; Relationships
and therapeutic counselling or psychotherapy 456; issues 457; Science 457;
Values 457; Strengths 458
APPENDIX: ETHICS AND ASD 460
NOTES 461
REFERENCES 484
INDEX 546
|
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:26:50Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781849053440 1849053448 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Tantam, Digby Verfasser aut Autism spectrum disorders through the life span Digby Tantum London [u.a.] Kingsley 2013 XXVI, 550 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Autism spectrum disorders. Autism spectrum disorders--Diagnosis. Autism spectrum disorders--Treatment. Autism spectrum disorders--Patients--Services for. HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025419709&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Tantam, Digby Autism spectrum disorders through the life span |
| title | Autism spectrum disorders through the life span |
| title_auth | Autism spectrum disorders through the life span |
| title_exact_search | Autism spectrum disorders through the life span |
| title_full | Autism spectrum disorders through the life span Digby Tantum |
| title_fullStr | Autism spectrum disorders through the life span Digby Tantum |
| title_full_unstemmed | Autism spectrum disorders through the life span Digby Tantum |
| title_short | Autism spectrum disorders through the life span |
| title_sort | autism spectrum disorders through the life span |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025419709&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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