Energy resources and systems: 2 Renewable resources
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Dordrecht [u.a.]
Springer
2011
|
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XII, 727 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9789400714014 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 cc4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV040479772 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20130318 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 121012s2011 abd| |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 020 | |a 9789400714014 |c hbk. |9 978-94-007-1401-4 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)815952226 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV040479772 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 049 | |a DE-703 |a DE-1102 | ||
| 084 | |a ZP 3200 |0 (DE-625)157941: |2 rvk | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Ghosh, Tushar K. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Energy resources and systems |n 2 |p Renewable resources |c Tushar K. Ghosh ; Mark A. Prelas |
| 264 | 1 | |a Dordrecht [u.a.] |b Springer |c 2011 | |
| 300 | |a XII, 727 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 700 | 1 | |a Prelas, Mark A. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |w (DE-604)BV040479755 |g 2 |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe |z 978-94-007-1402-1 |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025327032&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025327032 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804149538958606336 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
1
WindEnergy
................................................................. 1
1.1
Introduction
............................................................ 1
1.2
Harvesting Energy from Wind
........................................ 6
1.3
Wind Resource Map
................................................... 8
1.4
Land Area Requirement
............................................... 16
1.5
Energy and Power from Wind
......................................... 20
1.5.1
Betz Limit
.................................................... 21
1.6
Capacity Factor for a Wind Turbine
.................................. 23
1.7
Energy Production
..................................................... 24
1.8
Turbine Types
.......................................................... 25
1.8.1
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTs)
................. 26
1.8.2
Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs)
..................... 32
1.9
Comparison Between Turbines
....................................... 35
1.10
Cost of Electricity from Wind Energy
................................ 38
1.10.1
Payback Time for Wind Energy Systems
................... 43
1.10.2
Cost Reduction Efforts
....................................... 45
1.11
Effect of Capacity Factor
.............................................. 47
1.12
Industrial Wind Turbines
.............................................. 48
1.13
Basic Principles of Wind Resource Evaluation
...................... 48
1.14
Wind Farm
............................................................. 51
1.14.1
Offshore Wind Farm
......................................... 53
1.15
Small Wind Systems
................................................... 58
1.16
Low Frequency Noise form Wind Turbines
.......................... 61
1.16.1
Sound Intensity
............................................... 63
1.16.2
Sound Pressure
............................................... 64
1.16.3
The Sound Pressure Level
................................... 64
1.17
Wind Energy and Intermittency
....................................... 66
1.18
Summary
............................................................... 67
References
..................................................................... 69
Contents
Solar Energy ................................................................. 79
2.1 Energy
from the
Sun
................................................... 79
2.2 Energy Transfer
to the Earth
.......................................... 80
2.2.1
Seasonal Variation
........................................... 81
2.2.2
Height of the Sun in the Sky
................................. 83
2.3
Energy and the Sun
.................................................... 83
2.4
Use of Solar Energy
................................................... 85
2.4.1
Solar Thermal Energy
....................................... 87
2.5
Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)
.................................... 102
2.5.1
Trough Systems
.............................................. 102
2.5.2
Power Tower Systems
....................................... 104
2.5.3
Dish/Engine Systems
........................................ 104
2.6
Solar Thermal Molten Salt Technology
.............................. 107
2.7
Photovoltaics
........................................................... 110
2.7.1
PV Theory
.................................................... 112
2.7.2
The Efficiency of Photovoltaic Cells
........................ 120
2.7.3
The Sun Value
............................................. 129
2.7.4
Effect of Thickness of the Cell
.............................. 131
2.7.5
The Effect of Temperature
................................... 131
2.7.6
Effect of Dopant Concentration
............................. 134
2.8
From Cells to Arrays
.................................................. 136
2.9
Solar Cell Materials
................................................... 136
2.9.1
Semiconducting Materials for Solar Cell
................... 137
2.10
Multijunction Cells
.................................................... 140
2.11
Hybrid Power Systems
................................................ 141
2.12
Solar Lighting
.......................................................... 141
2.13
Summary
............................................................... 142
References
..................................................................... 144
Hydropower
.................................................................. 157
3.1
Introduction
............................................................ 157
3.2
Hydropower Systems
.................................................. 161
3.3
Hydropower System Construction Methods
.......................... 164
3.3.1
Impoundment
................................................. 164
3.4
Hydroturbine
........................................................... 168
3.4.1
Impulse Turbine
.............................................. 169
3.4.2
Reaction Turbine
............................................. 174
3.5
Selection of Turbines
.................................................. 185
3.6
Run-of-the-River Hydropower Systems
.............................. 185
3.7
Small Hydroelectric Power System
................................... 186
3.7.1
Components of a Small Hydro Power System
.............. 188
3.8
Micro-Head Hydropower Systems
.................................... 190
3.8.1
Selection of Turbine for Small or Micro Head Systems
... 191
3.9
Pumped Storage Hydropower System
................................ 192
Contents
3.10
Calculation of Power from Water Flow
............................... 194
3.10.1
Local Head Losses
........................................... 200
3.10.2
Head Losses in Open Channels
............................. 202
3.11
Hydropower System Efficiency
....................................... 205
3.12
Fish Ladder and Fish Passage in Hydropower Systems
............. 205
3.13
Summary
............................................................... 207
References
..................................................................... 210
Geothermal Energy
......................................................... 217
4.1
Introduction
............................................................ 217
4.2
Resource Identification
................................................ 219
4.3
Geothermal Systems
................................................... 223
4.4
Applications
............................................................ 224
4.4.1
Electricity Generation
........................................ 227
4.4.2
Direct Use of Geothermal Energy
........................... 238
4.4.3
Ambient Ground Heat/Geothermal Heat Pump
............ 243
4.5
Summary
............................................................... 256
References
..................................................................... 258
Ocean Energy
................................................................ 267
5.1
Introduction
............................................................ 267
5.2
Wave Power
............................................................ 268
5.3
Theory
.................................................................. 271
5.3.1
Linear Wave Theory
......................................... 273
5.3.2
Energy Transport and Power
................................ 276
5.3.3
Applicability of Linear Wave Theory
....................... 280
5.3.4
Significant Wave Height
..................................... 280
5.4
Wave Power
............................................................ 282
5.4.1
Tapered Channel (TAPCHAN)
.............................. 282
5.4.2
Terminator Device/Oscillating Water Column
.............. 283
5.4.3
Point Absorber
............................................... 284
5.4.4
Attenuator
.................................................... 285
5.4.5
Overtopping Devices
......................................... 289
5.5
Tidal Current Energy
.................................................. 292
5.5.1
Tidal Barrage Method
........................................ 296
5.5.2
Principles of Operation
...................................... 296
5.5.3
Tidal Lagoons
................................................ 301
5.5.4
Tidal Fence
................................................... 302
5.5.5
Tidal Turbine Method
........................................ 302
5.5.6
Linear Lift Mechanism or Oscillating
Hydroplane Systems
......................................... 307
5.5.7
Venture Based Systems
...................................... 307
5.6
TidalFarm
............................................................. 309
Contents
5.7
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
(OTEC)
......................... 309
5.7.1
Closed-Cycle
OTEC
System
................................ 312
5.7.2
Open-Cycle
OTEC
System
.................................. 315
5.7.3
Hybrid
OTEC
System
........................................ 317
5.7.4
Components of an
OTEC
System
........................... 317
5.7.5
Byproducts of
OTEC
System
................................ 318
5.8
Summary
............................................................... 318
References
..................................................................... 320
Bioenergy
..................................................................... 327
6.1
Introduction
............................................................ 327
6.2
Energy Source of Biomass
............................................ 333
6.3
Composition of Biomass
.............................................. 335
6.3.1
Lignocellulosic Biomass
..................................... 336
6.3.2
Hemicellulose
................................................ 338
6.3.3
Lignin
......................................................... 338
6.4
Types of Biomass
...................................................... 338
6.5
Biomass Resources, Land Requirement, and Production
............ 341
6.5.1
Energy Crops Production Area
.............................. 344
6.5.2
Lignocellulosic Based Biomass
............................. 345
6.5.3
Land for Biomass
............................................ 347
6.6
Wood Fuel
.............................................................. 356
6.6.1
Unit of Wood
................................................. 360
6.6.2
Wood Burning
................................................ 362
6.7
Use of Biomass
........................................................ 362
6.7.1
Process Heat and Steam Generation
........................ 363
6.7.2
Electric Power Generation
................................... 369
6.8
Biomethane
............................................................ 378
6.9
BioFuels
................................................................ 381
6.9.1
Biodiesel
...................................................... 385
6.9.2
Biofuel
Production Method
.................................. 386
6.10
Biofeedstock for Industrial Chemicals
................................ 389
6.11
Summary
............................................................... 393
References
..................................................................... 396
Ethanol
....................................................................... 419
7.1
Introduction
............................................................ 419
7.2
Ethanol
Production from Corn
........................................ 424
7.2.1
Structure, Types, and Composition of Corn
................ 425
7.2.2
Processing of Corn
........................................... 430
7.2.3
Fermentation Process
........................................ 435
7.2.4
Byproducts from Corn Processing
.......................... 436
7.2.5
Comparison Between Dry Mill and Wet Mill Processes
... 436
7.3
Sugar Crop Fermentation
.............................................. 442
7.4
Corn Versus Sugarcane
................................................ 443
Contents
7.5
Production of Ethanol
from Cellulosic Biomass
..................... 443
7.5.1
Pretreatment
.................................................. 445
7.5.2
Hydrolysis
.................................................... 449
7.5.3
Fermentation and Process Integration
....................... 454
7.6
Energy Balance
........................................................ 458
7.7
DDGS Market
.......................................................... 464
7.8
Water Requirements for Corn Growing
.............................. 464
7.9
Fuel
Ethanol
Quality Comparison
.................................... 465
7.10
Е
-Diesel
................................................................
468
7.11
Summary
............................................................... 468
References
..................................................................... 471
Hydrogen Energy
............................................................ 495
8.1
Introduction
............................................................ 495
8.2
Hydrogen Economy
................................................... 497
8.3
Hydrogen Demand
..................................................... 497
8.4
Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine
............................... 500
8.5
Hydrogen Production Methods
....................................... 501
8.5.1
Reforming of Natural Gas
................................... 503
8.5.2
Biomass Gasification
........................................ 508
8.5.3
Reforming of Biofuel
........................................ 508
8.5.4
Hydrogen from Coal
......................................... 509
8.5.5
High-Temperature Water Splitting
.......................... 509
8.6
Nuclear Energy for Hydrogen Production
............................ 510
8.6.1
Water Electrolysis
............................................ 510
8.6.2
High Temperature Electrolysis (HTE) of Steam
............ 512
8.6.3
Thermochemical Water Splitting
............................ 515
8.7
Solar Energy for Hydrogen Production
............................... 543
8.7.1
High-Temperature Water Splitting-Solar Concentrators
... 544
8.7.2
Solar Reforming of Natural Gas
............................. 545
8.7.3
Thermochemical Solar Cycle
................................ 548
8.8
Electrolytic Process
.................................................... 555
8.8.1
Alkaline Electrolysis
......................................... 555
8.9
Thermochemical Hybrid Cycles
...................................... 555
8.10
Hydrogen from Wind Energy
......................................... 557
8.11
Hydrogen from Biomass
.............................................. 560
8.12
Photolytic Processes
................................................... 560
8.12.1
Photobiological Water Splitting
............................. 560
8.12.2
Photocatalytical Processes
................................... 563
8.13
Cost of Hydrogen Production
......................................... 566
8.14
Hydrogen Storage
...................................................... 566
8.14.1
High Pressure Cylinder
...................................... 568
8.14.2
Liquid Hydrogen Storage System
........................... 573
8.14.3
Carbon and Other High Surface Area Materials
............ 575
xii Contents
8.14.4 Clathrates..................................................... 576
8.14.5 Hydrides...................................................... 576
8.15
Comparison of Hydrogen Storage Capacity
.......................... 586
8.16
Hydrogen Delivery Methods
.......................................... 586
8.17
Summary
............................................................... 587
References
..................................................................... 590
Appendices
....................................................................... 631
Appendix
1 :
Wind Energy
.................................................... 631
Appendix
2:
Solar Energy
.................................................... 646
Appendix
3:
Hydropower
..................................................... 659
Appendix
4:
Geothermal Energy
............................................. 661
Appendix
5:
Ocean Energy
................................................... 667
Appendix
6:
Bioenergy
....................................................... 670
Appendix
7:
Ethanol
.......................................................... 711
Appendix
8:
Hydrogen
........................................................ 715
Index
.............................................................................. 719
|
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| id | DE-604.BV040479772 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:24:38Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789400714014 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025327032 |
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| physical | XII, 727 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2011 |
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| publishDateSort | 2011 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Ghosh, Tushar K. Verfasser aut Energy resources and systems 2 Renewable resources Tushar K. Ghosh ; Mark A. Prelas Dordrecht [u.a.] Springer 2011 XII, 727 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Prelas, Mark A. Verfasser aut (DE-604)BV040479755 2 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-94-007-1402-1 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025327032&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Ghosh, Tushar K. Prelas, Mark A. Energy resources and systems |
| title | Energy resources and systems |
| title_auth | Energy resources and systems |
| title_exact_search | Energy resources and systems |
| title_full | Energy resources and systems 2 Renewable resources Tushar K. Ghosh ; Mark A. Prelas |
| title_fullStr | Energy resources and systems 2 Renewable resources Tushar K. Ghosh ; Mark A. Prelas |
| title_full_unstemmed | Energy resources and systems 2 Renewable resources Tushar K. Ghosh ; Mark A. Prelas |
| title_short | Energy resources and systems |
| title_sort | energy resources and systems renewable resources |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025327032&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV040479755 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ghoshtushark energyresourcesandsystems2 AT prelasmarka energyresourcesandsystems2 |