Filosofija jazyka:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Russian |
| Published: |
Moskva
Azbukovnik
2012
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | 786 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9785911720605 |
Staff View
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV040449293 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20121219 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 121001s2012 a||| |||| 00||| rus d | ||
| 020 | |a 9785911720605 |c hbk |9 978-5-91172-060-5 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)815939671 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV040449293 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a rus | |
| 049 | |a DE-29 | ||
| 084 | |a CC 4800 |0 (DE-625)17631: |2 rvk | ||
| 084 | |a 5,1 |2 ssgn | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Krivonosov, Aleksej Timofeevič |d 1925- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)141457759 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Filosofija jazyka |c A. T. Krivonosov |
| 264 | 1 | |a Moskva |b Azbukovnik |c 2012 | |
| 300 | |a 786 S. |b Ill. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Sprachphilosophie |0 (DE-588)4056486-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Sprachphilosophie |0 (DE-588)4056486-1 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m V:DE-604 |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025296985&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025296985 | ||
Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804149509454823424 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | IMAGE 1
ORJIABJIEHHE
SSPE~HCJLOBHE 5
RJLABA 1
O NPHPOE H3LIKOBORO 3HAKA
§ 1. QETBLPEXYPOBHEBAH CTPYKRYPA H3BIKOBORO 3HAKA 14
I. 513BIKOBOH 3HAK CNOC06CTBOBAJI CTAHOBJIEMNO
QEJIOBEKA........................ 14
11. MOEJIB JL3BIKOBORO 3HAKA
..............................................*.........................
20
III. CBOHCTBA JL3BIKOBORO 3HAKA 39
1) CYMHOCTB 3HAKA - 3AMEMEHHE ~PYRORO NPE~META ....*....................
39
2) 513BIKOBBIE 3HAKH - NPOYKT 06MECTBEHHOH NPAKTHKH QEJIOBEKA .. 41
3) PA3JIHQHM PEAJIH3AIIHH MATEPHH 3HAKA YHHLPHIIPYETCJI ERD HEAJIBHOH
POPMOH 42
4) PA3JIHQHM NPOTJI)I(EHHOCTB 3HAKA. TEKCT KAK PACIIIHPEHHBIH 3HAK 43
5) 3HAKOBOE OTHOILLEHHE K 06BEKTAM B BHE HEAJIBHORO 06PA3A B
C03HAHHH ( POHEMA, RPA PEMA, MOP POHEMA, NOSSJ{THE) - TO)L(E 3HAK 46
6) 513BIKOBOH 3HAK Y~06EH MJI XPAHEHSSJ{ H LLEPE~AQH ERD NOKOJIEHSSJ{M
6JIARO~APJL ERD HEAJIBHOMY 06PA3Y, OTNEQATAHHOMY B M03RY 51
7) ACHMMETPHJI 3HAKA MEY 3BYKOM H ERO ACCOIIHATHBHBIM 3HAQEHHEM -
CJIE~CTBHE NPOH3BOJIBHOCTH 3HAKA 51
8) 3HAK ECTB HE TOJIBKO CPE~CTBO PHKCAIIHH MBICJIH, HO H CPE~CTBO
BBIPA)L(EHSSJ{ OTHOILLEHHH ME)L(Y 3HAKAMH: RPAMMATHQECKAJL
CHCTEMA - TO)L(E CHCTEMA 3HAKOB 52
§ 2. 3HAKOBAH TEOPHH H3BIKA B COBPEMEHHOM H3LIK03HAHHH 53
1) 513BIKOBOH 3HAK - ~BYXCTOPOHHHH: B MATEPHH 3HAKA OTPA)L(EHA CYMHOCTB
BHEILLHERO 06BEKTA 53
2) 513BIKOBOH 3HAK - :NO BHEIIIHJIJI P0PMA MBICJIH, NPEBPAMEHHAJL
P0PMA HEAJIBHORO 61
3) 513BIKOBOH 3HAK - O~HOCTOPOHHHH: B MATEPHH 3HAKA HE OTPA)L(EHA
CYMHOCTB OMEKTA 75
4) 3HAK YCJIOBEH, NPOH3BOJIEH HJIH, HANPOTHB, MOTHBHPOBAH? 89
5) J1EAJIBHOE B 3HAKE NO~06HO EHCTBHTEJIBHOCTH, HE NPOH3BOJIBHO,
CJIE~OBATEJIBHO, OHO HE HMEET CTARYCA 3HAKA? 93
§ 3. WOHEMA 103
1) DOHEMA - PYH~AMEHT CTPOEHSSJ{ H PYHKIIHOHHPOBAHSSJ{ JL3BIKA 103
2) DOHEMA H MBIIIIJIEHHE 106
773
IMAGE 2
3) CYM:HOCTH EPOHEMHI - 3TO OCHOBHOLL BONPOC EPHJIOCOEPFLLL
N03HAHH5I: B3AHMOOTHOLLIEHHE MATEPHAJIHHORO H H,NEAJIHHORO 109
1. 1 OHEMA H 3BYK, RPAEPEMA H 6YKBA 109
2. IIPO6JIEMA EPOHEMHI, KAK H IIPO6JIEMA 3HAKA, - 3TO BONPOC
EPHJIOCOEPHH 513HIKA 111
DRABA 2
O NPHP0)J,E SL3BLKA
§ 1. BHYTPEHHHE MEXAHH3MBL SL3B1KA .
1) CYM:HOCTH 513HIKA ONPE,NEJI5IETC5I NPHPO,NO1L5L3BIKOBORO 3HAKA .
2) B NPHPO,NE 513BIKA JIE)L(LLT OCHOBHOLL 3AKOH ,NHAJIEKTHKH
B3AHMO,NELLCTBHE MATEPHAJIHHORO H H,NEAJIHHORO .
3) 513HIK - O6BEKT H3Y IEHH5I MHORHX HAYK .
§ 2. KAK NOHHMAETCSI SL3BIK B COBPEMEHHOM TEOPETHQECKOM
SL3BIKO3HAHHH? .
1) MATEPHAJIHHOCTH 513BIKA- ERG E,NHHCTBEHHOE CBOLLCTBO .
2) 513HIK BKJILOT.IAET B CE651 MATEPHAJIBHYIO H H,NEAJIBHYIO CTOPOHHI .
3) TPH CEPEPHI CYM:ECTBOBAHH5I 513HIKA: B C03HAHHH, B TEKCTE,
B CJIOBAPE H RPAMMATHKE .
4) 513HIK CYM:ECTBYET B BH,NE NPOCTPAHCTBA MHICJIH, ,NOMA 6BITH5I
5) 1 YHKIIHH 513HIKA MAHHEPECTHPYIOT ERG CYM:HOCTB .
6) 513BIK - 3TO YHHBEPCAJIHHBILL KO,N .
7) 513HIKY NPH,NALOT CTARYC CAMOCT05LTEJIHHORO OPRAHH3MA .
§ 3. QTO B SL3BIKE NEPBHQHO - CY6CTAHUHSI 3HAKOB HJIH HX
B3AHMHBIE OTHOIIIEHHSI? .
1) IIEPBHT.IHOE B 3HAKE - OTHOILIEHH5I ME)L(,NY 3HAKAMH, HX CTPYKRYPA .
2) IIEPBHT.IHOE B 513HIKE - CY6CTAHIIH5I, 3HAT.IEHHE, NO,NT.IHH5IIOM:EE
CTPYKTYPY 513BIKA .
3) 3HAKOBA51 CHCTEMA 3ABHCHT OT ,NELLCTBHTEJIBHOCTH, OHA NO,NO6HA ~ ~ ?
3TOH ,NEHCTBHTEJIBHOCTH. .. .
4) L1,NEAJIHHA51 CTOPOHA 3HAKA HE NPOH3BOJIBHA, OHA OTPA)L(AET V ?
,NEHCTBHTEJIHHOCTH. . .
5) CY6CTAHIIH5I H OTHOILIEHH5I - B3AHM03ABHCHMHI H
B3AHMO06YCJIOBJIEHHI .
6) I1TAK, CY6CTAHIIH5I HJIH OTHOILIEHH5I? .
RJIABA 3
B3AHMOOTHOIIIEHHSI SL3B1KA, MBIIIIJIEHHH, C03HAHHH, NAMHTH
115
115
126 131
133 133 134
136 138 138 139
139
143 143
168
175
178
179 186
§ 1. MBIIIIJIEHHE, C03HAHHE, NAMSLTB 193
§ 2. CTPYKTYPA MBIIIIJIEHHH 196
774
IMAGE 3
§ 3. QYBCTBEHHOE H A6CTPAKTHOE MBIIUJIEHHE 207
1) IIPOUECC B3AIFMOIIEPEXO,D,A QYBCTBEHHORO IF A6CTPAKTHORO
MBIILIJIEHIFJI 207
2) )L,JIR QERO HY)KHBI R3BIKOBBIE 3HAKIF (3BYKIF, 6YKBBI, MOP PEMBI,
CJIOBA, IIPE,D,JIO)KEHIFR)? 213
§ 4. B3AHMOOTHOIUEHHE H3BIKA H MBIIUJIEHHH 221
I. B3AIFMOOTHOLLIEHIFE R3BIKA IF MBIILIJIEHIFR - MABHAR IIPO6JIEMA O
QEJIOBEKE BOO6IU;E 221
1) MBIILIJIEHIFE - :NO TYMAHHOCTB 221
2) IIPO6JIEMA B3AIFMOOTHOLLIEHIFR R3BIKA IF MBIILIJIEHIFR, BBIF,D,Y EE
CJIO)KHOCTIF, BBI3BIBAET MHORO BOIIPOCOB 221
3) IIOHRTB B3AIFMOOTHOLLIEHIFE JI3BIKA IF MBILLIJIEHIFR MO)KHO TOJIBKO
KAK MO,D,EJIB PA60TBI QEPHORO RIU;IFKA? 225
11. 5L3BIK IF MBIILIJIEHIFE - 3TO CAMOCTORTEJIBHBLE, HE3ABIFCIFMBLE
,D,PYR OT ,D,PYRA 06 BEKTBI? 226
1) 5L3BIK IF MBIILIJIEHIFE IFMELOT PA3HBIE REHETIFQECKIFE KOPHIF 226
2) MBIILIJIEHIFE PYKOBO,D,IFT R3BIKOBBIMIF 3HAKAMIF 228
3) 5L3BIK IF MBILLIJIEHIFE - 3TO ,D,BA CAMOCTORTEJIBHBIX OPRAHA
ORPA)KEHIFR IF II03HAHIFR? 229
4) 5L3BIK, KAK OTHOCIFTEJIBHO CAMOCTORTEJIBHOE RBJIEHIFE, BJIIFRET HA
MBIILIJIEHIFE? 236
5) 5L3BIK - 3TO IF ECTB HALLIE MBIILIJIEHIFE? 240
111. 5L3BIKOBBIE 3HAKIF IIO,D,QIFHRIOTCR MBIILIJIEHIFIO IF B TO )KE
BPEMR OPRAHIF3YLOT ERO 244
1) MBIILIJIEHIFE YIIPABJIRET R3BIKOBBIMIF 3HAKAMIF 244
2) MBICJIB IIPIFO6PETAET QETKOCTB TOJIBKO QEPE3 R3BIKOBBLE 3HAKIF 248
3) B3AIFMOOTHOLLIEHIFE II03HABATEJIBHORO IF KOMMYHIFKATIFBHORO
MBIILIJIEHIFR.........................................................................................
249
IV. KAK PEAJIBHO B3AIFMO,D,ELLCTBYIOT R3BIK IF MBIILIJIEHIFE? 252
1) KAK MBICJIB CBR3AHA C MIFPOM IF R3BIKOBBIMIF 3HAKAMIF 252
2) L OPMA 3HAKA CJIIFBAETCR CO 3HAQEHIFEM, IF MBI EE E
HE BOCIIPIFHIFMAEM 254
3) ORPAHIFQEHHOE KOJIIFQECTBO R3BIKOBBIX 3HAKOB 06ECIIEQIFBAET
6ECKOHEQHBILL IIPOUECC MBILLIJIEHIF}I 255
1. MHOR03HAQHOCTB 3HAKOB CHIFMAETCR B PEQIF. IIPOTIFBOPEQIFE ME)K,!L.Y
MHO)KECTBOM CIIOCO6OB BBLPA3IFTB MBICJIB IF CIIOCO6HOCTBLO IIOHIFMAHIF}I
255
2. HEORPAHIFQEHHBLE B03MO)KHOCTIF R3BIKOBBIX 3HAKOB IIOP0)K,!L.EHBI IFX
YCJIOBHOLL, HEMOTIFBIFPOBAHHOLL IIPIFPO,D,OLL 256
3. OLIBIT QEJIOBEKA IIPE,D,YCMARPIFBET BCE 6Y,D,YIU;IFE BBICKA3BIBAHIFR
(IICIFXIFQECKIFE AIIIIEPUEIIUIFIF) 258
4) IIPOUECC PA60TBI R3BIKOBBIX 3HAKOB B 3BM 258
5) PA3JIIFQIFE ME)K,D,Y R3BIKAMIF QEJIOBEKA IF )KIFBOTHBIX 259
775
IMAGE 4
V PA3PBIBHBD HJIH HEPA3PBIBHBD H3BIK H MBIIILJIEHHE?
....*.....*.......*....... 260
1) MAPKCHCTCKLUI TEOPHH HEPA3PBIBHOCTH H3BIKA H MBILLIJIEHHH ....**
260
2) TIOQEMY H3BIK, ECJIH OH HEPA3PBIBHO CBH3AH C MBILLIJIEHHEM,
JIOJIROBEQHEE MBILLIJIEHHH, IIOCKOJIBKY B H3BIKE IIPO~OJI)I(AET )L(HTB
TO, QERO Y*E HET B MBILLIJIEHHH?
..........*..........*...........*...*............*.... 268
3) KAK COBMECTHTB HEPA3PBIBHOE E~HHCTBO H3BIKA H MBILLIJIEHHH C
HCTHHOH, QTO MBIIIIJIEHHE - 06LI1EQEJIOBEQECKOE, A H3BIKH _
HAN;HOHAJIBHBI? .
.........*..........*................................ ........*.... **.
268
4) )L;EHCTBHTEJIBHO JIH H3BIK HMEET CBOH BHYTPEHHHE 3AKOHBI PA3BHTHH H
PYHKN;HOHHPOBAHHH?
........................*.....................*...... 270
VI. TIPON;ECC IIOHHMAHHH
....*..*....*...*.*....*...............*................*.*...*.........*..*.
272
1) KAK IIPOHCXO~HT IIOHHMAHHE?
............*................*...*.....*.....*......*..... 272
2) B 3HAKE HET 3HAQEHHH: 3HAQEHHE - 3TO O6061I1EHHBIE HEAJIBHBIE
M03ROBBIE ACCON;HAN;HH C IIPE~METAMH, HAXOAAIIIHMHCH BHE M03RA 274
3) TIEPE~AETCH HE MBICJIB, A 3BYKH, 6YKBBI, ACCON;HATHBHO
B036Y~A101IIHE MBICJIB B C03HAHHH
*....*....*....*...............*.*.....*...*..... 274
4) TIOHHMAHHE - 3TO IIOBTOPEHHE IIPON;ECCA TBOPQECTBA B O6PATHOM
IIOPH~KE
*..........**.....**..*....*.........*....*..........*..........*.*..........................
275
5) MO)L(HO JIH OTRPAHHQHTB EHTEJIBHOCTB M03RA OT ERO IIPOYKTA _
3HAKOB?
........*.......*.......*.....*...........................*...*...............................
276
6) BCHKOE IIOHHMAHHE OCHOBAHO HA 3HAHHHX (AIIIIEPN;EIIN;HHX), OHO
IIPOHCXO~HT OT IIOHHMAHHH CAMORO CE6H ....*.....*....*.........*.....*..
277
7) BCHKOE IIOHHMAHHE ECTB HEIIOHHMAHHE
......................................*.... 278
8) B IIPON;ECCE IIOHHMAHHH KA~BIH TBOPHT CBOE IIOHHMAHHE *...*.....*.
280
9) TIOHHMAHHE - 3TO IIEPEXO~ OT CEMAHTHQECKHX P0PM MBICJIH K
JIORHQECKHM POPMAM
..........................*....*................................*....
281
10) TIPON;ECC IIOHHMAHHH 3ABEPLLIAETCH IIOCTPOEHHEM YMO3AKJIIOQEHHH H
TEOPHH ......*...............................*....................*....
284
VII. MYKH CJIOBA
.............*...............................*.........................................
286
VIII. ABEP6AJIBHOE MBILLIJIEHHE
...........................*.....................................*.. 289
1) QTO TAKOE ABEP6AJIBHOE MBILLIJIEHHE?
.......*............*...................*...... 289
2) MBILLIJIEHHE LLIHPE 3HAKOBOH CHCTEMBI, OTCIO~A - HEH36E)L(HOCTB
ABEP6AJIBHORO MBILLIJIEHHH
........................................................*....... 292
3) B KAKHX II03HABATEJIBHBIX H KOMMYHHKATHBHBIX IIPON;ECCAX B03MO)L(HO
ABEP6AJIBHOE MBILLIJIEHHE?
..*.............................*.....*...*.... 292
1. ABEP6AJIBHOE MBILLIJIEHHE CBOHCTBEHHO IIPEHMYLILECTBEHHO
IIO3HABATEJIBHOMY IIPON;ECCY MBILLIJIEHHH
*..........*.........*.....*........*. 292
2. ABEP6AJIBHBIM MBILLIJIEHHEM YIIPABJIHIOT H3BIKH M03RA ........*....
295
3. META POPH3AN;HH O6EPERAET 3HAKOBYIO CHCTEMY OT EE HEIIOMEPHORO
PA3PACTAHHH ...............*...........................................
296
4. ABEP6AJIBHOE MBILLIJIEHHE IIPOHBJIHETCH B MOJIQAHHH
..*......*...*..... 296
5. ABEP6AJIBHOE MBILLIJIEHHE KAK CJIE~CTBHE HEPAPXHQECKORO IIPHHN;HIIA
OPRAHH3AN;HH 3HAKOBOH CHCTEMBI .............*.........*........ 297
776
IMAGE 5
6. ABEP6AJIBHOE MBLLLIJIEHME RRPOBJILIETCLI RROCJIE RRPO LTEHMLI
XY.N;O)L(ECTBEHHBIX M MHBLX RRPOM3BE.N;EHMH 298
7. ABEP6AJIBHOE MBILLIJIEHME RRPOLLBJILIETCLI B OKPAIIIEHHBLX
CMJIJIORM3MAX-3HTMMEMAX 298
8. ABEP6AJIBHOE MBILLIJIEHME RRPE.N;CTABJIEHO RRAPAJIMHRBMCTM LECKHMH
CPE.N;CTBAMH 300
9. ABEP6AJIBHOE MBLLLIJIEHHE - 3TO MHCTPYMEHT CRYIIIEHMLI CMBICJIA 300
10. YPOBEHB PA3BHTHLI ABEP6AJIBHORO MBILLIJIEHHLI ORRPE.N;EJILIETCLI
YPOBHEM PA3BHTM1I BEP6AJIBHORORO MBLLLIJIEHM1I 301
11. ABEP6AJIBHOE MBLLLIJIEHHE OCHOBAHO HA RRCHXOJIORH LECKOH
ARRRREPQERRQHH M KOHTEKCTE 301
12. ABEP6AJIBHOE MBLLLIJIEHME B03MO)L(HO H B .N;PYRMX MATEPHAJIBHBIX
3HAKAX, KPOME 1I3BIKOBBIX..................................... 302
13. BEP6AJIHCTBL, OTPHQAH B03MO)L(HOCTB ABEP6AJIBHORO MBIILIJIEHHLI,
OCHOBBIBAIOT CBOH .N;OBO.N;BLJIMLLIB HA BBICKA3BIBAHHLIX
KJIACCMKOB MAPKCH3MA 304
RJIABA 4
B3AHMOOTHOMEHHE B3BIKA H JIORHKH
§ 1. BCE ACNEKTBI H YPOBHH B3B1KA NPOHH3AHBI JIORH IECKHMH
CL0PMAMH 310
1) KAK 3APO.N;HJIACB HAYKA JIORMKA? 310
2) BHELLIHHH MMP H 1I3BIK - PYH.N;AMEHT POPMAJIBHOH JIORMKM 310 3) QTO
MIIIET JIORMKA B 1I3BIKO3HAHHH? 314
4) ):VI1I LERO HAM HY)L(HO 3HATB MEXAHH3M B3AHMO.N;EHCTBM1I1I3BIKA H
JIORMKH? 317
5) B LEM RRPOLLBJILIETCLI KOHKPETHOE B3AHMO.N;EHCTBHE 1I3BLKA M
JIORHKH? 320
6) MATEMATHKH, PH3MKMOTBEPRRRAIOT ECTECTBEHHBLH 1I3BIK, TAK KAK OH HE
Y.N;OBJIETBOPOLLET QEJIHM CTPORORO MBLILIJIEHHLI........... 328
§ 2. JIORH IECKHE
CLOPMBI............................................................................
328
1) QTO TAKOE JIORM LECKAH P0PMA? 328
2) 1 OHEMBL, RPA PEMBL,
MOP POHEMBL..................................................... 331
3) TIOHHTHH 332
4)
CYJK.N;EHHH..........................................................................................
332
§ 3. TEOPHB YM03AKJIIO IEHHB 335
1) QTO TAKOE YMO3AKJIIO LEHHE (CMJIJIORM3M) 335
2) TIPABMJIBHBIE H HCTHHHBIE YM03AKJIIO LEHM1I C TO LKH 3PEHHLI
POPMAJIBHOH JIORHKH 337
3) B LEM TPY.N;HOCTB O6HAPY)L(EHMLI H HCCJIE.N;OBAHHLI COKPAIIIEHHBLX
CHJIJIORH3MOB (3HTMMEM) B ECTECTBEHHOM 1I3B1KE? 339
777
IMAGE 6
4) L OPMAJIBHHIE H3BIKOBBIE MAPKEPBI CLLJIJIONF3MOB 341
5) CRPYKRYPA 3HTLLMEM B ECTECTBEHHOM H3BIKE II LLX TPOPMAJILL3ALLLLH.
342
6) L LLFYPBI II MO~CBI CLLJIJIORH3MA 344
§ 4. JIORH IECKHE YMO3AKJIIO IEHHSS B L(LOPMAX ECTECTBEHHORO SS3HLKA 345
1) IIPOCTOE KATEFOPLL LECKOE YM03AKJIIO LEHLLE (CLLJIJIORH3M) 346
1. IIPLL3HAKLL IIPOCTORO KATEROPLL LECKORO CLLJIJIOFLL3MA 346
2. IIPOCTOE KATEROPLL LECKOE YMO3AKJIIO LEHLLE B TP0PMAX PYCCKORO
H3BIKA 346
3. 3IIHXEHPEMA KAK CJIO)KHAH 3HTLLMEMA B ECTECTBEHHOM H3BIKE 352
4. IIOMICLLJIJIORH3MBI (JIORH LECKLLE LIEIILL) B TP0PMAX H3BIKA 353
2) YCJIOBHO-KATEFOPH LECKOE YMO3AKJIIO LEHLLE B TP0PMAX H3BIKA 360
3) PAL,N:EJILLTEJIBHO-KATEFOPH LECKOE YM03AKJIIO LEHLLE B TP0PMAX H3BIKA
360
4) AHTLLJIOFLL3MHI KAK OC06BIH TLLIL YM03AKJIIO LEHLLH B TPOPMAX H3HIKA
361
5) AHEK,N:OTBI KAK 3MOIILLOHAJIBHAH TPOPMA BBIPA)KEHLLH JIOFLL LECKLLX
YM03AKJIIO LEHHH B B H3BIKE 367
6) JIOFLL LECKHH AHAJILL3 CJIO)KHBIX TP0PM ECTECTBEHHOFO H3BIKA
,N:OKALAJI PEAJIBHOCTB CYIIIECTBOBAHLLH ABEP6AJIBHOFO MBILLIJIEHLLH ...
370
7) LIACTOTHOCTB YNOTPE6JIEHLLH JIOFLL LECKHX CLLJIJIOFLL3MOB B
ECTECTBEHHHOM H3HIKE 374
§ 5. B3AHMO,N:EIICTBHE CEMAHTH IECKHX H JIORH IECKHX L(LOPM MHICJ1H 375
I. HELL36E)KHOCTB ,N:BYXYPOBHEBOH TPOPMBI BBLPA)KEHLLH MBICJILL -
CEMAHTH LECKOH II JIOFLL LECKOH 375
1) IIO,N:CRYIIBI K IIOHHMAHLLIO ,N:BOHCTBEHHOH CYM3HOCTLL
H3BIKA........... 375
2) JIOFLL LECKLLH AHAJILL3 CJIO)KHBIX TP0PM ECTECTBEHHOFO H3BIKA
,N:OKA3AJI PEAJIBHOCTB B3AHMO,N:EHCTBLLH CMAHTLL LECKLLX II
JIOFLL LECKLLX
TP0PM MBILLIJIEHLLH 377
3) B LEM PALJILL LLLE ME)K,N:Y CEMAHTLL LECKLLMLLLL JIORH LECKLLMLL
TP0P-
MAMLL MBILLIJIEHLLH? 378
4) IIPLLPO,N:A CEMAHTLL LECKLLX II JIORH LECKLLX TP0PM MBICJILL 382
5) MEXAHLL3M B3AHMO,N:EHCTBLLH CEMAHTH LECKLLX II JIOFLL LECKLLX TP0PM
MBICJILL 383
6) L LLJIOCOTPCKOE 06OCHOBAHLLE PEAJIBHOCTLL CEMAHTLL LECKLLX II
JIORH LECKLLX TP0PM MBICJILL ...... 393
11. B3ALLMO,N:EHCTBLLE ME)K,N:Y CEMAHTLL LECKLLMLL II JIORH LECKLLMLL
TPOPMAMLL MBILLIJ1EHLLH 396
1) 06MEHHE ME)K,N:Y JIIO,N:BMH OCHOBAHO HA B3ALLMO,N:EHCTBLLLL
CEMAHTLL LECKLLX H JIOFLL LECKLLX TP0PM MBILLIJIEHLLH 396
2) KAK B3ALLMO,N:EHCTBYIOT CEMAHTLL LECKHE II JIOFLL LECKLLE TP0PMBI
MBICJILL? 399
1. MO)KHO JILL CEMAHTLL LECKLLE II JIOFLL LECKLLE TPOPMBI MHICJILL
PACCMATPLLBATB OT,N:EJIBHO? 399
2. JIORHKA BE,N:ET 3A C060H RPAMMATLLKY II CEMAHTLLKY 400
778
IMAGE 7
A) JIOMQECKHE TP0PMBI MBICJIH - MABHBLE, BE,N:YMHE 400
6) IIPE,N:JIO)KEHHE - 3TO HEP83PBIBHOE E,N:HHCTBO CEMAHTHQECKHX
H JIOMQECKHX TP0PM MBICJIH, O6PA3YLOMHX E,N:HHBIH NPOIIECC
OTPA)KEHML MHPA H KOMMYHHKAIIHH 402
B) HET ,N:BYX KAPTHH MHPA - CEMAHTHQECKOH H JIOMQECKOH 405
R) 1 0PMBI H3BIKA 60RAQE TP0PM JIOMKH 406
3. B3AHMONEPEXO,N: CEMAHTHQECKOH H JIORHQECKOH TP0PM
MBIIIIJIEHHH 407
4. 3HAKH 6ECKOHEQHO BAPBHPYIOTCH, KAK H MOJIEKYJIBI B )KHBOH
MATEPHH 407
5.,NRRH CEMAHTHQECKOH TP0PMBI MBICJIH HET NOHHTHH HCTHHA
H JIO)KB 408
6. KOHEQHOCTB 3HAKOBOH CHCTEMBI H 6ECKOHEQHOCTB MBIIIIJIEHHH... 409
7. KAK COBMECTHTB MHO)KECTBO PA3HOCTPYKTYPHBIX H3BIKOB
C E,N:HHBIM 06MEQEJIOBEQECKHM MBIIIIJIEHHEM? 409
8. COOTHOIIIEHHE CEMAHTHQECKHX H JIORHQECKHX TP0PM MBICJIH
NO MY6HHE NPE,N:CTABJIEHHH MHPA 410
9. BBIBO,N:BI 0 CEMAHTHQECKHX H JIORHQECKHX TP0PMAX MBICJIH 412
§ 6. KAK NOHHMAETCH B3AHMOOTHOWEHHE LHAQEHHH H NOHHTHH
B HLBIKOLHAHHHH? 413
1) IIOHHTHE H 3HAQEHHE - O,N:HO H TO)KE HBJIEHHE 413
2) IIOHHTHE H 3HAQEHHE - P83HBLE HBJIEHHH 416
3) PA3JIHQAIOT 3HAMEHATEJIBHBLE CJIOBA (NOHHTHH) H HE3HAMEHATEJIBHBLE
CJIOBA (HENOHHTHH): COI03BI, NPE,N:JIORH, QACTHIIBI H ,N:P. 419
4) CTPYKTYPHBIE OTJIHQHH NPE,N:JIO)KEHHH OT CJ)K.N:EHHH 421
§ 7. KAK BLAHMOOTOWEHHE CEMAHTHQECKHX H JIORHQECKHX CLOPM
MBLCJIH NPE,N:CTABJIEHO B )J,PYRHX TE0PHHX 422
§ 8. BLAHMO)J,EHCTBHE CEMAHTHQECKHX H JIORHQECKHX CLOPM
MBLWJIEHHH C NOLHIIHH )J,HAJIEKTHQECKOH CLHJIOCOCLHH 425
1) OTKY,N:A NOHBHJIHCB CEMAHTHQECKHE H JIORHQECKHE TP0PMBI
MBIIIIJIEHHH? 425
2) JIORHKH MEQTALOT CBECTH H3BIK K TOQHOCTH MATEMATHKH 427
3) B3AHMOOTHOIIIEHHE CEMAHTHQECKHX H JIORHQECKHX TP0PM MBIIIIJIEHHH ECTB
B3AHMOOTHOIIIEHHE TPHJIOCOTPCKHX KATEROPHH
HBJIEHHH H CYMHOCTH 429
§ 9. POJIB HLBLKA B NPOIIECCAX NOLHAHHH 434
1) QTO TAKOE N03HAHHE? 434
2) C QERO HAQHHALOTCH NEPBBLE IIIARH B N03HAHHH? 435
3) KAK NPOHCXO,N:HT NPOIIECC IIO3HAHHH? 436
4) IIPOIIECC NEPEXO,N:A QYBCTBEHHBLX O6PA30B B A6CTPAKIIHH 438
5) MHP OTPA)KAETCH HE H3BIKOBBIMH 3HAKAMH, A JIORHQECKHMH
C} )K,D;EHHHMH 442
779
IMAGE 8
6) CYMHOCTB N03HAHLLJI - B PACKPBITHH CBOHCTB NPEL METOB
H YCTAHOBJIEHHH HX CBJ/3EH
............*..*.............................*................. 443
7) ILOHHMAHHE H N03HAHHE MHPA CBOHCTBEHHO TOJIBKO QEJIOBEKY 445
§ 10. LLPEL HKATHBHOCTH 446
§ 11. .SS.3HIKOBHIE YHHBEPCAJIHH 453
1) YHHBEPCAJIHH B J/3BIKE - :NO HE QTO HHOE, KAK JIORHQECKHE KATEROPHH
453
2) YHHBEPCAJIHH CBOHCTBEHHBI QEJIOBEQECKOMY MBIIIIJIEHHIO, A HE
C03L AIOTCJ/ CAMHMH JIHHRBHCTAMH HJIH J/3BIKOBBIMH 3HAKAMH
(:NO OHTOJIORHJ!, A HE RHOCEOJIORHJ/) 454
§ 12. LLPO ** ECC NEPEBOL A 459
RJIABA 5
B3AHMOOTHOMEHHE H3HIKA, PE LH, TEKCTA
§ 1. LHO TAKOE H3HIK, PE LH, TEKCT? .
1) L.ITO TAKOE J/3BIK?
*....*.*.*.***.*..*****.*........**...*..*...*...*....**.*...**..........*.....
2) L.ITO TAKOE PEQB?
.*............*......*.....................*............*.......................
3) L.ITO TAKOE TEKCT? .
§ 2. OCHOBAHHH PA3RPAHH IEHHH H3HIKA H PE LH .
1) 5I.3BIK H PE LB - 3TO L BA PA3HBIX BHL A L EJ/TEJIBHOCTH EL HHORO
J/3BIKOBORO C03HAHHJ!
...................*...........................................*.........
2) 5I.3BIK NOCTOJ/HEH, BCERL A, HL EAJIEH, A PEQB - 3TO BPEMJ/
OT BPEMEHH, MOMEHT, OTKJIOHEHHE OT HOPMBI
.**........*....*.*...............
3) PEQB - 3TO NPAKTHQECKAJ/ BHEM03ROBM PEAJIH3AIIHJ/ HL EAJIBHORO,
XPAHJ/MEROCJ/ B M03RY
.................*..........................**..*....*.....*.*.........
4) PA3RPAHHQEHHE J/3BIK - PEQB HE JIE)L(HT B IIEHTPE BCEX NP06JIEM
TEOPETHQECKORO J/3BIK03HAHHJ! .
5) 5I.3BIK H PEQB HE J/BJIJIIOTCJ/ L BYMJ/ CHCTEMAMH CO CBOHMH
NOL CHCTEMAMH
..............................................*..**..*.............*.........*...*
6) 5I.3BIK H PEQB HE MORYT PACCMARPHBATBCJ/ KAK MOL EJIB
H OPHRHHAJI .
7) 5I.3BIK NPEL OCTABJIJIET PEQH CB060L Y, HO TOJIBKO B COIIHAJIBHBIX
RPAHHIIAX .
8) KAKOBO B3AHMOOTHOIIIEHHE BHYTPEHHEH PEQH ~ ?
H BHEIIIHEH PEQH .
9) K QEMY OTHOCHTCJ/ TEKCT - K J/3BIKY HJIH K PEQH? .
§ 3. B3AHMOOTHOMEHHE H3HIKA H PE LH .
1) B PEQH HET HHQERO, QERO 6BI HE 6BIDO B J/3BIKE .
2) B3AHMOL EHCTBHE J/3BIKA H PEQH - L BYXCTOPOHHEE,
B3AHM03ABHCHMOE
..........................................................................*..
780
468
468 469 473
476
476
477
478
478
479
480
481
481 483
483 483
486
IMAGE 9
3) M H3BIK, H PE% - :HO O~HH H TE )L(E H3BIKOBBLE 3HAKH ~JIH N03HA-
BATEJIBHOLL H KOMMYHHKATHBHOLL PYHKI HLL. OHH O~HOBPEMEHHO
H COI HAJIBHBI, H HH~HBHYAJIBHBI
................................................*.... 487
4) 513BIK H PEQB - HE 06BEKTBI PA3HBIX HAYK, HMEIOMHX CBOH CTPYKTYPHBLE
E~HHHI BI: 3HAKH H3BIKA H 3HAKH PEQH 488
5) 513BIK, PEQB, PEQEBAH EHTEJIBHOCTB - PA3HBLE NOHHTHH 491
6) 513BIK H PEQB HE TOJIBKO HE ORPA)L(AIOT MHP NO-PA3HOMY, OHM BO06ME
HHQERO HE OTPA)L(AIOT 492
7) 513BIK-NAMHTB - :HO H3BIK B M03RY, H3BIK- PYHKI HH - 3TO PEQB.
492
8) TPH 3AKOHA B3AHMOELLCTBHH MBICJIH - H3BIKA - PEQH - NAMHTH ..... 493
9) B3AHMOELLCTBHE H3BIKA H PEQH OCYMECTBJIHETCH QEPE3 NPE~HKATHBHOCTB
494
10) 513BIK KAK OPY~HE M03RA ~JIH NOPOEHHH PEQH H KAK NPOYKT 3TOLL PEQH
494
11) B3AHMOELLCTBHE H3BIK - PEQB ECTB ~HAJIEKTHQECKOE E~HHCTBO
NPOTHBONOJIO)L(HOCTELL KAK E~HHHQHORO H 06MERO, HBJIEHHH
H CYMHOCTH
.............*.........................................................................
496
§ 4. BLAHMOOTHOMEHHE HLBIKA H TEKCTA 502
1) IIEPBOHAQAJIBHORO NJIAHA NOCTPOEHHH NPE~JIO)L(EHHH HET, ECTB TOJIBKO
3AMBICEJI 502
2) IIPHPO~A QEJIOBEKA HAJIO)L(HJIA ORPAHHQEHHH HA CTPYKTYPY H3BIKA.. 503
3) TEKCT HMEET ~PYRHE 3AKOHBI NOCTPOEHHH, NO CPABHEHHIO C NPEMO)L(EHHEM
504
4) PA3JIHQHE MEY YCTHBIM H NHCBMEHHBIM TEKCTAMH 505
5) TEKCT H JIORHKA 506
6) RPAMATHQECKHE POPMBI, KAK H CJIOBA, TAK)I(E COEP)L(AT B CE6E
JIORHQECKHE P0PMBI 509
7) HA QEM OCHOBAH MEXAHH3M NOHHMAHHH TEKCTA? 509
1. ITOHHMAHHEM TEKCTA YNPABJIHET JIORHQECKOE MBILLIJIEHHE 509
2. CJIOBA, XPAHHMHECH B ~OJIROBPEMEHHOLL NAMHTH, Y3HAIOTCH MRHOBEHHO (3A
HCKJIIOQEHHEM CHTYAI HH MYKH CJIOBA) 511
3. B TEKCTE CYMECTBYET NPHHI HN 3KOHOMHH, CHCTEMHOCTH, NOBTOPHEMOCTH.
KA)I(~OE CJIOBO ~OJI)I(HO 6BITB TO)L(ECTBEHHO
CAMOMY CE6E 511
4. TEKCT KAK ~BYXYPOBHEBAH CHCTEMA - CEMAHTHQECKAH H RPAMMATHQECKAH 512
5. KAKHM 06PA30M B TEKCTE NOHBJIHETCH CMBICJI, ECJIH 3HAKH
NPOH3BOJIBHBI?
.......*.......................................................................
514
6. IIOHHMAHHE TEKCTA - 3TO ONOCPE~OBAHHOE BOCNPHHTHE MATEPHH 3HAKOB H
PPARMEHTOB MHPA QEPE3 NPHMOE BOCNPHHTHE
HX EAJIBHBIX 06PA30B 516
7. HA QEM OCHOBAHA 6ECKOHEQHOCTB TEKCTA NPH KOHEQHOCTH H3BIKOBBIX
3HAKOB? 517
781
IMAGE 10
RJIABA 6
B3AHMOOTHORNEHHE H3B1KA H )L,EIICTBHTEJIBHOCTH
§ 1. H3B1KOBBLE 3HAKH HE OTPALKAIOT )L,EIICTBHTEJIBHOCTB 519
1) 513BIKOBBIE 3HAKIF HE BBIIIOJIIDIIOT $YHKIIIFIF MBILLIJIEHIFJL 519
2) 513BIKOBBLE 3HAKIF ECTB $OPMA 6BITIFJL MATEPIFAJIBHOII
,LLEIICTBIFTEJIBHOCTIF B C03HAMIH- QEPE3 JIORIFQECKOE MBILLIJIEHIFE ....
521
3) MBICJIB ECTB A6CTPAKTHM KORRIFJL, A HE 0PIFRIFHAJI. BECB MIFP
RROKOIFTCJI B C03HAHIFH B JIORIFQECKIFX $OPMAX KAK HAILL BTOPOII MIFP
... 523
4) 513BIKOBBIE 3HAKIF - :NO KJILOQ, OTKPBIBALOIIIIFII MIFP
QEJIOBEQECKOMY M03RY 524
5) IIPE,LLMETOB, CBOIICTB, KAQECTB, OTHOILLEHIFII B MIFPE 60JIBLLIE, QEM
CAMIFX CJIOB 526
§ 2. H3B1KOBBLE 3HAKH OTPALKAIOT )L,EIICTBHTEJIBHOCTB? 527
1) CJIOBA OTPA)L(ALOT CYIIIHOCTB PEAJIBHBIX RRPE,LLMETOB? 527
2) CTPYKTYPA JL3BIKA BOCRRPOIF3BO,LLHT CTPYKTYPY OKPY)L(ALOIIIERO MHPA?
527
3) MATEPHJL 3HAKOB OPHEHTHPOBAHA HA CTPYKTYPY ,LLEIICTBIFTEJIBHOCTIF?
530
4) PACXO)L(,LLEHHE JL3BIKOB IF CJIOB B PA3HBIX JL3BIKAX BBI3BAHO
PA3HBIMIF RRPIF3HAKAMH CAMHX RRPE,LLMETOB? 530
5) 513BIK03HAHHE - ::NO HAYKA 0 BCEJIEHHOII? 530
6) 3AKOHBI JL3BIKA HE RRPOTHBOPEQAT 3AKOHAM 06 BEKTIFBHORO MIFPA? 530 7)
513BIK - CPE,LLCTBO AKKYMYJIJLIIHH ,LLYXOBHORO MIFPA KAK HA,LLCTPOIIKIF
HA,LL MATEPIFAJIBHBIM MIFPOM? 533
8) 513BIK BJIHJLET HA ,LLEIICTBIFTEJIBHOCTB, MBIILIJIEHIFE, KYJIBTYPY,
06IIIECTBEHHBIE RRPOIIECCBI, HALLLY RRCIFXIFKY IF HAILLE RROBE,LLEHIFE?
533
9) COIIHAJIBHAJL RRPHPO,LLA JL3BIKA ORRPE,LLEJIJLET ERO CYIIIHOCTB? 534
RJIABA 7
CL HJIOCOLCKHE BORRPOCBI H3B1KA
§ 1. POJIB IHJIOCOLHH B N03HAHHH CYIIIHOCTH H3BLKA 536
1) QTO TAKOE $IFJIOCO$IFJL JL3BIKA IF ,LLJIJIQERO OHA H~HA? 536
2) PEILLEHIFE TEOPETIFQECKIFX BORRPOCOB JL3BIK03HAHHJI RRO,LL CIFJIY
JIIFLLLB $HJIOCO$HIF 538
3) CAM JL3BIK - IF ECTB $IFJIOCO$IFJL, IF60 3A RRPE,LLEJIAMIF ERO
3MRRHPIFIF CPA3Y)L(E B03HIFKAET MACCA BORRPOCOB 539
4) B QEM RRPOJLBJIJLETCJI ,LLIFAJIEKTIFKA B JL3BIKE? 540
1. HAILL MIFP IF HAILLE MBILLIJIEHIFE RRO,LLQIFHEHBI O,LLHIFMIF TEM )L(E
,LLIFAJIEKTIFQECKIFM 3AKOHAM 540
2. ,L],IFAJIEKTIFKA HE BIF,LLIFT A6COJIIOTHBIX RPAHIFII ME)L(,LLY
JLBJIEHIFJLMIF . 541
782
IMAGE 11
3. EE3 )J,IHLJIEKTLFKLF HENB3H CBH3ATB )J,BYX PAKTOB. ,[J;LFANEKTLFKA-
BBICLLIAH LFHCTAHIJ:LFH TEOPETLFQECKORO MBILLINEHLFH 542
4. B QEM KOHKPETHO 3AKNIOQAETCH )J,LFANEKTLFKA B H3BIKE?
...........*.... 542
5. HE BHOCLFTB )J,LFANEKTLFKY B IIPLFP0)J,Y H3BIKA, A OTBICKATB EE
TAM: B 3MIILFPLFQECKLFX PAKTAX HA)J,O HAHTLF O6MYIO TEOPLFLO 543
6 . .5I3BIK COTKAH LF3 IIPOTLFBOIIONO)L(HOCTEH KAK 0TPA)L(EHLFH
CYMHOCTLF )J,LFANEKTLFKLF 544
§ 2. QTO TAKOE MATEPHAJIBHOE H H)J,EAJIBHOE, KOHKPETHOE
H A6CTPAKTHOE, HBJIEHHE H CYMHOCTB B H3BIKE? 546
1) OCHOBHOH BOILPOC PLFNOCO PLFLF H3BIKA - B3ALFMOOTHOILIEHLFE
MATEPLFANBHORO LF LF)J,EANBHORO B H3BIKE 546
2) PEANBHOCTB LF)J,EANBHORO. LI)J,EANBHOE )L(LFBET TONBKO B M03RY
QENOBEKA..... 546
3) B3ALFMOOTHOILIEHLFE MATEPLFANBHORO LF LF)J,EANBHORO, KOHKPETHORO
LF A6CTPAKTHORO, HBNEHLFH LF CYMHOCTLF 549
1. B3ALFMOOTHOILIEHLFE MATEPLFANBHORO LF LF)J,EANBHORO, KOHKPETHORO LF
A6CTPAKTHORO, HBNEHLFH LF CYMHOCTLF B H3BIKE 549
2.II)J,EANBHOE IIPOHBNHETCH TONBKO QEPE3 MATEPLFANBHBIE 3HAKLF
H3BIKA
..............................*.......................................*......................
552
§ 3. MEXAHH3M N03HAHHH PEAJIBHOII )J,EIICTBHTEJIBHOCTH 552
1) IIO3HAHLFE 3AKPEIINHETCH B NORLFQECKLFX P0PMAX IIOHHTLFH,
CY)L()J,EHLFH, YM03AKNLOQEHLFH 552
2) IIO3HATB IIPLFP0)J,Y H3BIKA MO)L(HO NLFILIH QEPE3 B3ALFMO)J,EHCTBLFE
)J,EHCTBLFTENHHOCTLF, NORLFQECKORO MHILLINEHLFH LF MATEPLFANBHBIX
3HAKOB
...................................................................*............................
553
§ 4. J)HJIOCOLJ)CKOE 06OCHOBAHHE B3AHMO)J,EIICTBHH MATEPHAJIBHORO
H H)J,EAJIBHORO H3BIKE: 3BYKA H LJ)OHEMBL, 6YKBBI H RPALJ)EMBI - KAK
B3AHMO)J,EIICTBHE OT)J,EJIBHORO H O6MERO, HBJIEHHH H CYMHOCTH 554
1) ,[J;ERYMAHLF3AIJ:LFH H3HIKA B CBH3LF C OTKPBITLFEM POHEMBI? 554
2) L OHEMA LF RPA PEMA KAK IICHXLFQECKAH PEANBHOCTB 560
3) L OHEMA LF RPA PEMA KAK NOMQECKAH PEANBHOCTB 562
4) L LFNOCO PCKOE 06OCHOBAHLFE B3ALFMO)J,EHCTBHH 3BYKA LF POHEMBI,
6YKBBI LF RPA PEMBI KAK B3ALFMO)J,EHCTBLFE OT)J,ENBHORO H O6MERO,
HBNEHLFH LF CYMHOCTLF
.........................*..............................................
571
RJIABA 8
OTIKHBIUHE NAPA)J,HRMBI TEOPETHQECKORO H3BIK03HAHHH.
(LIEPE3 KAKHE :NANBL NPOIUJIO PA3BHTHE LJ)HJIOCOLJ)HH H3BIKA)
§ 1. MAPKCHCTCKO-JIEHHHCKOE
H3BIK03HAHHE.......................................... 578
I. MAPKCLFCTCKOE H3BIK03HAHLFE HE PACKPBINO CYMHOCTLF H3HIKA 578
1) BCEMLF NYQLLILFMLF )J,OCTLF)L(EHLFHMLF B H3BIK03HAHLFLF MHI O6H3AHBI
MAPKCLF3MY-NEHLFHLF3MY? 578
783
IMAGE 12
2) HANPACMUI IIONHITKA ORPA)J,HTH JIHHRBHCTHKY OT NPOHHKHOBEHHH
B HEE )J,PYRHX HAYK
...............................*...........................*.................
580
3) FJIABHHIE CBOHCTBA H3HIKA - ERO COIIHAJIHHAH CYMHOCTH H ERO
HEPA3PHIBHAH CBH3H C MHILLIJIEHHEM
.....*............................................ 581
4) ,LJ,MI BHIBO)J,A MHICJIH BOBHE HY)J(EH KAHAJI CBH3H - MATEPHAJIHHHIE
3HAKH
....................................................................*............................
582
5) 513HIK H MHILLIJIEHHE - 3TO O)J,HO H TO )J(E HBJIEHHE 583
6) 513HIK H MHILLIJIEHHE - 3TO PA3HHIE HBJIEHHH
.....................................* 584
7) B3AHMOOTHOLLIEHHE H3HIKA H MHILLIJIEHHH - 3TO COOTHOLLIEHHE IIEJIORO
H QACTH 584
8) CYMHOCTH H3HIKA - B E)J,HHCTBE MATEPHAJIHHORO H H)J,EAJIHHORO KAK
)J,HAJIEKTHQECKOM 3AKOHE TO)J()J,ECTBA NPOTHBOIIOJIO)J(HOCTEH .... 585
9) BCE 01LIH6KH H TPAHTA3HH B MAPKCHCTCKOM H3HIK03HAHHH 06YCJIOBJIEHHI
O)J,HHM - )J,ABJIEHHEM H)J,EOJIORHH 587
10) COCTOHJIOCH JIH TBOPQECKOE PA3BHTHE MAPKCHCTCKORO H3HIK03HAHHH?
.....*.***...........*.*.................*.............*................*........
590
11) FJIABHHIE METO)J,HI TEOPETHKOB MAPKCH3MA-JIEHHHH3MA B
H3HIKO3HAHHH - KOMMEHTAPHH KJIACCHKOB) H NO)J,ROHKA H3HIKOBORO
MATEPHAJIA NO)J, HX IIHTATHI
.......*........................................................ 591
11. MAPKCHCTCKOE H3HIK03HAHHE HE PELLIHJIO IIP06JIEMY B3AHMOOTHOLLIEHHH
H3HIKA H MHILLIJIEHHH 593
1) KAK B MAPKCHCTCKOM H3HIK03HAHHLI)) PELLIAETCH NP06JIEMA
B3AHMOOTHOLLIEHHH H3HIKA H MHILLIJIEHHH))?
......................*.............. 593
2) TEPMHHOJIOMQECKAH TPHJIOCOTPCKAH HRPA B HCCJIE)J,OBAHHH H3HIKA H
MHILLIJIEHHH
.................*.....................................................*...
594
3) MAPKCHCTCKOE H3HIK03HAHHE HE PELLIHJIO NP06JIEMHI JIHHRBHCTHQECKOH
OTHOCHTEJIHHOCTH H H3HIKOBOH KAPTHHHI MHPA) ....*... 595
§ 2. CEMHOTHKA
................................*..................*..................................*...
597
1) B KAKHX 06JIACTHX 3HAHHH CYMECTBYIOT 3HAKOBHIE CHCTEMHI? 597
2) OTJIHQHE H3HIKOBHIX 3HAKOB OT CEMHOTHQECKHX 3HAKOB )J,PYRHX CHCTEM
..*............................................... 598
3) CEMHOTHKA - HE TPHJIOCOTPHH H3HIKA 601
§ 3. CTPYKTYPAJIH3M
....*................................*..................................*.........
606
§ 4. TEOPHH JIHHRBHCTHQECKOH OTHOCHTEJIHHOCTSS))
.........*...............*.. 610
1) KAK JIIO)J,H NOHHMALOT )J,PYR )J,PYRA?
.......................................*........... 610
2) 513HIK - HE NOBEJIHTEJIH MHILLIJIEHHH H C03HAHHH, MATEPHAJIHHHIE
3HAKH HE )J,HKTYIOT CBOIO BOJIIO 3AKOHAM N03HAHHH 612
3) CYMECTBYET E)J,HHHIH 06MEQEJIOBEQECKHH JIOMQECKHH CTPOH MHILLIJIEHHH
IIPH MHO)J(ECTBE PA3JIHQHHIX 3HIKOB 614
4) CYIIIHOCTH TEOPHH JIHHRBHCTHQECKOH OTHOCHTEJIHHOCTH 615
5) MHP OTPA)J(AETCH HE H3HIKOM, A MHILLIJIEHHEM B ERO JIORHQECKHX
TPOPMAX 618
784
IMAGE 13
6) TIPHQHHHI )KHBYQECTH TEOPHH JIHHRBHCTHQECKOM OTHOCHTEJIH-
HOCTH 622
7) TIPOQECCHI II03HAHIDI H KOMMYHHKAQHH OCYMECTBJUIIOTCH TOJIHKO
JIORHQECKHMH POPMAMH MHICJIH 625
§ 5. TEOPHH H3H1KOBOH KAPTHHHI MHPA 630
1) QTO IIOHHMAETCH IIO,N: H3HIKOBOM KAPTHHOM MHPA? 630
2) 3KCIIEPHMEHTAJIHHHRE HCCJIE,N:OBAHIDI HE IIO,N:TBEP,N:HJIH H HE
MORJIH NO,N:TBEP,N:HTH CYMECTBOBAHHE PA3JIHQHHIX H3HIKOBHIX KAPTHH
MHPA 632
3) PA3JIHQHAH CERMEHTALLHH MHPA B CTPYKTYPAX PA3HHIX H3HIKOB ECTH
CJIE,N:CTBHE YCJIOBHM )KH3HH HALLHH 635
4) TEOPHH H3HIKOBOM KAPTHHHI MHPA - :NO IIOCRYJIHPOBAHHE
HEIIOCPE,N:CTBEHHOM CBH3H ME)L(IJ:Y H3HIKOBHIMH 3HAKAMH
H ,N:EMCTBHTEJIHHOCTHLO 638
5) TEOPHH H3HIKOBOM KAPTHHHI MHPA - 3TO IIEPE,N:AQA H3HIKOBHIM 3HAKAM
PYHKQHM MHIIIIJIEHIDI 642
6) KAPTHHY MHPA TBOPHT MHIILIJIEHHE, H3HIKOBHLE 3HAKH - JIHLLIH
CTPOHTEJIHHHIM MATEPHAJI,N:JUI HERO 645
7) TEOPHH H3HIKOBOM KAPTHHHI MHPA - 3TO B03BPAT K TEOPHH
JIHHRBHCTHQECKOM OTHOCHTEJIHHOCTH 652
§ 6. JIHHRBHCTHKA TEKCTA 653
1) KAK IIOHHMAETCH TEKCT B JIHHRBHCTHKE TEKCTA? 653
2) CTPYKTYPA TEKCTA PERYJIHPYETH CMHICJIOBHIMH CBH3HMH ME)L(IJ:Y
IIPE.N:NO)KHEHHHMH 654
3) MECTO JIHHRBHCTHKH TEKCTA B TEOPETHQECKOM H3HIK03HAHHH 659
4) KAKHMH BOPOCAMH ,N:OJI)KHA 3AHHMATHCH HCTHHHAH JIHHRBHCTHKA TEKCTA?
..*.... 661
§ 7. KORHHTHBHAH JIHHRBHCTHKA 666
1) KORHHTHBHAH JIHHRBHCTHKA - 3TO IIOBTOPEHHE IIPOM,N:EHHORO 666
1. HCTOKH KORHHTHBHOM
HAYKH......................................................... 666
2. HE CYMECTBYET H30MOP PH3MA ME)L(IJ:Y KORHHTHBHHIMH H H3HIKOBHIMH
CTPYKTYPAMH 668
3. KORHHTHBHAH JIHHRBHCTHKA HAXO,N:HTCH B IIOHCKAX
ME)L(IJ:HCLLHIIJIHHAPHHIX
KOM6HHAQHM.......................................................... 669
2) KAKHMH METO,N:AMH HCCJIE,N:OBAHHH IIOJIH3YETCH KORHHTHBHAH
JIHHRBHCTHKA? 669
1. KORHHTHBHAH JIHHRBHCTHKA - AMOP PHOE HAIIPABJIEHHE B H3HIK03HAHHH 669
2. KORHHTHBHAH JIHHRBHCTHKA KAK II03HABATEJIHHAH JIHHRBHCTHKA
IIO,N:MEHHJIA ,N:HAJIEKTHQECKYIO TEOPHIO II03HAHIDI 671
3) KORHHTHBHAH JIHHRBHCTHKA - B RYIIHKE 674
1. KAKHE 3A,N:AQH BHIIIOJIHHET KORHHTHBHAH JIHHRBHCTHKA? 674
785
IMAGE 14
2. OTPA)L(EHA JUF B CJIOBAX IIPHPO)J,A BEMELL:, KAQECTB,
OTHOLLIEHHLL:? 676
3. KORHHTHBHAJI JIHHRBHCTHKA - 3TO HRPA B TEPMHHBI 680
4. OTKPBIBAET JIH KORHHTHBHAJI JIHHRBHCTHKA HOBBLE ROPH30HTBI B
HCCJIE)J,OBAHHH H3BIKA? 683
5. KORHHTHBHAJI JIHHRBHCTHKA - 3TO HE TEOPETHQECKOE H3BIK03HAHHE 684
§ 8. LIHOJIORHQECKAH JIHHRBHCTHKA 690
§ 9. 3KOJIORHQECKAH JIHHRBHCTHKA 692
RJIABA 9
KAK NOHHMAETCH H3BIK B TEOPETH IECKOM H3BIKO3HAHHH?
§ 1. IIOHHTHE 3HAKA H H3BIKA B TEOPETH IECKOM H3BIK03HAHHH 694
1) 513BIKOBOLL: 3HAK HE YCJIOBEH, IIOTOMY QTO OH OTPA)L(AET CYMHOCTB
BEMH 694
2) MBIILIJIEHHE H, CJIE)J,OBATEJIBHO, H3BIK HE CYMECTBYIOT BHE )J,BYX
YPOBHELL: A6CTPAKIIHH - CEMAHTHQECKORO H JIORHQECKORO 694
3) IIPEYBEJIHQEHHE POJIH MATEPHH B H3BIKE, XOTH MABHOE B HEMA6CTPAKTHBIE
P0PMBI MBIIIIJIEHHH QEJIOBEKA 695
4) TEOPETHQECKOE H3BIK03HAHHE HE HALLIJIO IIPABHJIBHORO PELLIEHHH
BOILPOCA 0 CYMHOCTH H3BIKA 699
5) LITO B H3BIKE OCTAJIOCB OT H3BIKA? 700
§ 2. KY.NA H)J,ET H3BIK03HAHHE CEL O)J,HH? 701
§ 3. METOJ),OJIOI HH H3BIK03HAHHH 706
1) YPOBHH HAYQHORO IIOHHMAHHH CYMHOCTH H3BIKA 706
2) PA3JIHQHE ME)L()J,Y 3MIIHPHQECKHM H TEOPETHQECKHM H3BIKO3HAHHEM 707
3) KAKHE BOIIPOCBI TEOPETHQECKORO H3BIK03HAHHH )J,OJI)I(HBI 6BITB
PELLIEHBI? 713
4) HAYQHBILL: YPOBEHB CERO)J,HHILIHERO TEOPETHQECKORO H3BIK03HAHHH ..
714 5) KAKOLL: IIYTB BE)J,ET K HCTHHHOMY TEOPETHQECKOMY H3BIK03HAHHIO? .
715
RJIABA 10
AKCHOMBI TEOPETH IECKOI O H3BIK03HAHHH
§ 1. TEOPETH IECKOE H3BIK03HAHHE, KAK HAYKY, MOIKHO NOCTPOHTB
TOJIBKO HA AKCHOMATH IECKOM METOJ),E HAY IHOII TEOPHH 717
§ 2. KAKHE TPE60BAHHH NPEJ),BHBJIHIOTCH K JIHHI BHCTH IECKHM AKCHOMAM?
719
§ 3. AKCHOMBI TEOPETH IECKOI O H3BIK03HAHHH - :NO HCXOJ),HBIE
ONPEJ),EJIEHHH AKCHOMATHKH, HE TPE6YIOI.IJ;HE J),OKA3ATEJIBCTB.........
721
786
IMAGE 15
3AKJILO LEHHE
1) QEMY IIOCBHEHA:NA PA6OTA? 726
2) HOBAHTEOPHHH3BIKA) )KEHA3PEJIA 728
3) CY~HOCTBH3BIKA3AKJIIOQEHA B QETBIPEXYPOBHEBOHIIPHPO.N:E H3BIKOBORO
3HAKA 733
4) QERO MBL.N:OCTHRJIH B :NOH KHHRE? 739
N H T E P AT Y
PA........................................................................................
743
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Krivonosov, Aleksej Timofeevič 1925- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)141457759 |
| author_facet | Krivonosov, Aleksej Timofeevič 1925- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Krivonosov, Aleksej Timofeevič 1925- |
| author_variant | a t k at atk |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV040449293 |
| classification_rvk | CC 4800 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)815939671 (DE-599)BVBBV040449293 |
| discipline | Philosophie |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV040449293 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:24:10Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9785911720605 |
| language | Russian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025296985 |
| oclc_num | 815939671 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-29 |
| owner_facet | DE-29 |
| physical | 786 S. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publishDateSearch | 2012 |
| publishDateSort | 2012 |
| publisher | Azbukovnik |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Krivonosov, Aleksej Timofeevič 1925- Verfasser (DE-588)141457759 aut Filosofija jazyka A. T. Krivonosov Moskva Azbukovnik 2012 786 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Sprachphilosophie (DE-588)4056486-1 gnd rswk-swf Sprachphilosophie (DE-588)4056486-1 s DE-604 V:DE-604 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025296985&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Krivonosov, Aleksej Timofeevič 1925- Filosofija jazyka Sprachphilosophie (DE-588)4056486-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4056486-1 |
| title | Filosofija jazyka |
| title_auth | Filosofija jazyka |
| title_exact_search | Filosofija jazyka |
| title_full | Filosofija jazyka A. T. Krivonosov |
| title_fullStr | Filosofija jazyka A. T. Krivonosov |
| title_full_unstemmed | Filosofija jazyka A. T. Krivonosov |
| title_short | Filosofija jazyka |
| title_sort | filosofija jazyka |
| topic | Sprachphilosophie (DE-588)4056486-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Sprachphilosophie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025296985&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT krivonosovaleksejtimofeevic filosofijajazyka |