Holdings: Computer animation :: THWS Bibkatalog

Computer animation: algorithms and techniques

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Parent, Rick (Author)
Format:	Book
Language:	English
Published:	Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier 2012
Edition:	3. ed.
Subjects:	Computeranimation Algorithmische Programmierung Computer animation. Computer programming > Mathematics.
Online Access:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Item Description:	Includes bibliographical references and index
Physical Description:	XVII, 515 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 24 cm
ISBN:	9780124158429 0124158420

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MARC


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adam_text	Contents Preface ............................................................................................................... , .............................. xiii About the Author ............................................................................................................................. xvii CHAPTER 1 Introduction ............................................................................. 1 1.1 Motion perception ................................................................................................... 2 1.2 The heritage of animation ...................................................................................... 4 1.2.1 Early devices ................................................................................................. 4 1.2.2 The early days of conventional animation ............................................... 6 1.2.3 Disney ........................................................................................................... 7 1.2.4 Contributions of others ................................................................................. 8 1.2.5 Other media for animation ........................................................................... 8 1.3 Animation production ............................................................................................. 9 1.3.1 Principles of animation ............................................................................... 10 1.3.2 Principles of filmmaking .................,.......................................................... 12 1.3.3 Sound .......................................................................................................... 14 1.4 Computer animation production ........................................................................... 15 1.4.1 Computer animation production tasks ....................................................... 16 1.4.2 Digital editing ............................................................................................. 18 1.4.3 Digital video ............................................................................................... 20 1.4.4 Digital audio ............................................................................................... 21 1.5 A brief history of computer animation ................................................................ 22 1.5.1 Early activity (pre-1980) ............................................................................ 22 1.5.2 The middle years (the 1980s)..................................................................... 25 1.5.3 Animation comes of age (the mid-1980s and beyond) ............................. 26 í .6 Summary ............................................................................................................... 29 CHAPTER 2 Technical Background. ........................................................... 33 2.1 Spaces and transformations .................................................................................. 33 2.1.1 The display pipeline ................................................................................... 34 2.1.2 Homogeneous coordinates and the transformation matrix... ..................... 38 2.1.3 Concatenating transformations: multiplying transformation matrices ...... 40 2.L4 Basic transformations ................................................................................. 40 2.1.5 Representing an arbitrary orientation ......................................................... 42 2.1.6 Extracting transformations from a matrix .................................................. 46 2.1.7 Description of transformations in the display pipeline ...............,.............. 47 2.1.8 Error considerations .................................................................................... 48 Vii viii Contents co 2.2 Orientation representation .................................................................................... 2.2.Î Fixed-angle representation ......................................................................... 54 2.2.2 Eułer angle representation .......................................................................... 56 2.2.3 Angle and axis representation .................................................................... ->7 2.2.4 Quaternion representation ........................................................................... D° 2.2.5 Exponential map representation ................................................................. 60 2.3 Summary ............................................................................................................... ω CHAPTER 3 interpolating Values ............................................................... 61 3.1 Interpolation .......................................................................................................... 61 3.1.1 The appropriate function ............................................................................ 62 3.1.2 Summary ..................................................................................................... 65 3.2 Controlling the motion of a point along a curve ................................................. 65 3.2.1 Computing are length ................................................................................. 66 3.2.2 Speed control .............................................................................................. 78 3.2.3 Ease-in/ease-out .......................................................................................... 80 3.2.4 General distance-time fonctions ................................................................. 86 3.2.5 Curve fitting to position-time pairs ............................................................ 90 3.3 Interpolation of orientations ................................................................................. 91 3.3.1 Interpolating quaternions ............................................................................ 91 3.4 Working with paths .............................................................................................. 96 3.4. 1 Path following ............................................................................................. 96 3.4.2 Orientation along a path ...................................,......................................... 96 3.4.3 Smoothing a path... ................................................................................... 100 3.4.4 Determining a path along a surface ......................................................... 106 3.4.5 Path finding ............................................................................................... 108 3.5 Chapter summary .............................................................,....,___,„„................. Ш8 CHAPTER 4 interpolation-Based Animation .............................................. 111 4.1 Key-frame systems .......................................................................,................... n in 4.2 Animation languages .................................................,..................,..................... 1 15 4.2.1 Artist-oriented animation languages..... ................................................... 116 4.2.2 FuH-featuied programming ianguages for animation .............................. И6 4.2.3 Articulation variables ........................................................................ ц·} 4.2.4 Graphical ianguages ......................................,.................... η 4.2.5 Actor-based animation languages .......................................................... % 4.3 Deforming objects ......................................................._......__ _ Us 4.3.1 Picking aud palling ................................................................................... ţţo, 4.3.2 Deforming an embedding space .................................................. 2 Contents IX 4.4 Three-dimensional shape interpolation .............................................................. 135 4.4.1 Matching topology .................................................................................... 136 4.4.2 Star-shaped polyhedra .............................................................................. 137 4.4.3 Axial slices ............................................................................................... 137 4.4.4 Map to sphere ........................................................................................... 139 4.4.5 Recursive subdivision ............................................................................... 145 4.5 Morphing (two-dimensional) .............................................................................. 147 4.5.1 Coordinate grid approach ......................................................................... 147 4.5.2 Feature-based morphing ........................................................................... 153 4.6 Chapter summary ................................................................................................ 159 CHAPTER 5 Kinematic Linkages .............................................................. 161 5.1 Hierarchical modeling ........................................................................................ 162 5.1.1 Data structure for hierarchical modeling ................................................. 164 5.1.2 Local coordinate frames ........................................................................... 170 5.2 Forward kinematics ............................................................................................ 171 5.3 Inverse kinematics .............................................................................................. 172 5.3.1 Solving a simple system by analysis ........................................................ 173 5.3.2 TheJacobian ............................................................................................. 174 5.3.3 Numeric solutions to IK ........................................................................... 178 5.3.4 Summary ................................................................................................... 185 5.4 Chapter summary .......................................................................,........................ 185 CHAPTER 6 Motion Capture .................................................................... 187 6.1 Motion capture technologies .............................................................................. 187 6.2 Processing the images ........................................................................................ 188 6.3 Camera calibration .............................................................................................. 190 6.4 Three-dimensional position reconstruction ........................................................ 191 6.4.1 Multiple markers ....................................................................................... 192 6.4.2 Multiple cameras ...................................................................................... 192 6.5 Fitting to the skeleton ......................................................................................... 193 6.6 Output from motion capture systems ................................................................. 195 6.7 Manipulating motion capture data ..................................................................... 196 6.7.1 Processing the signals.. ............................................................................. 196 6.7.2 Retargeting the motion... .......................................................................... 197 6.7.3 Combining motions .................................................................................. 197 6.8 Chapter summary ................................................................................................ 198 CHAPTER 7 Physically Based Animation. ................................................. 199 7.1 Basic physics — a review .........................,.......................................................... 200 7.1.1 Spring-damper pair ................................................................................... 202 Contents 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.1 CHAPTER 8 at 8.2 8.3 CHAPTER 9 9,1 Spring animation examples ................................................................................ 202 7.2.1 Flexible objects ......................................................................................... 202 7.2.2 Virtual springs .......................................................................................... 205 one Particle systems .................................................................................................. ¿UJ 7.3.1 Partidegeneration.................................................................................... 206 7.3.2 Particle attributes ...................................................................................... 207 7.3.3 Particle termination .................................................................................. 207 7.3.4 Particle animation ..................................................................................... 207 7.3.5 Particle rendering ...................................................................................... 207 7.3.6 Particle system representation .................................................................. 208 7.3.7 Forces on particles .................................................................................... 208 7.3.8 Particle life span ....................................................................................... 209 Rigid body simulation ........................................................................................ 209 7.4.1 Bodies in free fall ..................................................................................... 210 7.4.2 Bodies in collision .................................................................................... 219 7.4.3 Dynamics of linked hierarchies ................................................................ 232 Cloth .................................................................................................................... 235 7.5.3 Direct modeling of folds .......................................................................... 237 7.5,2 Physically based modeling ....................................................................... 240 Enforcing soft and hard constraints ................................................................... 244 7.6.1 Energy minimization ................................................................................ 244 7.6.2 Space-time constraints .............................................................................. 247 Chapter summary ................................................................................................ 249 Fluids: Liquids and Gases.......... ........................................... 25 1 Specific fluid models .......................................................................................... 251 8.1 Л Models of water ........................................................................................ 251 8.1.2 Modeling and animating clouds ............................................................... 262 8.1.3 Modeling and animating fire ................................................,................... 268 8.1.4 Summary .......___...................................................................................... 270 Computational fluid dynamics ........................................................................... 270 8.2.1 General approaches to modeling fluids .................................................... 271 8.2.2 CFD equations .......................................................................................... 272 8.2.3 Grid-based approach... ......................................,....................................... 276 8.2.4 Particle-based approaches including smoothed particle hydrodynamics 277 Chapter summary.. ................................................................_........ 280 Modeling and Animating Human Figures.. __.......................... 283 Overview of virtual human representation ............................................... 283 9.1.1 Representing body geometry .................................................................... 284 9.1.2 Geometry data acquisition ................................................ 285 Contents xi 9.1.3 Geometry deformation .............................................................................. 286 9.1.4 Surface detail ............................................................................................ 286 9.1.5 Layered approach to human figure modeling .......................................... 287 9.2 Reaching and grasping ....................................................................................... 290 9.2.1 Modeling the arm ..................................................................................... 290 9.2.2 The shoulder joint ..................................................................................... 293 9.2.3 The hand ................................................................................................... 293 9.2.4 Coordinated movement ............................................................................. 295 9.2.5 Reaching around obstacles ....................................................................... 296 9.2.6 Strength ..................................................................................................... 297 9.3 Walking ............................................................................................................... 298 9.3.1 The mechanics of locomotion .................................................................. 298 9.3.2 The kinematics of the walk ...................................................................... 303 9.3.3 Using dynamics to help produce realistic motion ................................... 303 9.3.4 Forward dynamic control ......................................................................... 308 9.3.5 Summary ................................................................................................... 308 9.4 Coverings ............................................................................................................ 309 9.4.1 Clothing .................................................................................................... 309 9.4.4 Hair ........................................................................................................... 309 9.5 Chapter summary ................................................................................................ 311 CHAPTER 10 Facia! Animation .................................................................. 317 10.1 The human face .................................................................................................. 317 10.1.1 Anatomic structure ................................................................................. 317 10.1.2 The facial action coding system ............................................................. 319 10.2 Facial models ...................................................................................................... 320 10.2.1 Creating a continuous surface model ..................................................... 322 10.2.2 Textures .................................................................................................. 325 10.3 Animating the face ............................................................................................. 327 10.3.1 Parameterized models ............................................................................. 327 10.3.2 Blend shapes ........................................................................................... 327 10.3.3 Muscle models ........................................................................................ 329 10.3.4 Expressions ............................................................................................. 332 10.3.5 Summary ................................................................................................. 332 10.4 Lip-sync animation ............................................................................................. 333 10.4.1 Articulators of speech ............................................................................. 333 10.4.2 Phonemes ................................................................................................ 334 10.4.3 Coarticulation..... ..................................................................................... 335 10.4.4 Prosody ................................................................................................... 335 10.5 Chapter summary ................................................................................................ 335 xli Contents CHAPTER ! 1 Behavioral Animation ........................................■.................. 339 11.1 Primitive behaviors ............................................................................................. 342 1 1.1.1 Flocking behavior ................................................................................... 342 11. 1.2 Prey-predator behavior ........................................................................... 351 í 1.2 Knowledge of the environment .......................................................................... 352 11.2.1 Vision ...................................................................................................... 352 11.2.2 Memory ................................................................................................... 353 11.3 Modeling intelligent behavior ............................................................................ 354 11.3.1 Autonomous behavior ............................................................................. 354 11.3.2 Expressions and gestores ........................................................................ 356 11.3.3 Modeling individuality: personality and emotions ................................ 357 11.4 Crowds ................................................................................................................ 358 11.4.1 Crowd behaviors ..................................................................................... 359 11.4.2 Internal structure ..................................................................................... 359 1 1.4.3 Crowd control ......................................................................................... 360 11.4.4 Managing я -squared complexity ............................................................ 360 Î 1.4.5 Appearance ............................................................................................. 361 1 í Љ Chapter summary ................................................................................................ 361 CHAPTER 12 Special Models for Animation ............................................... 365 12.1 Implicit surfaces ................................................................................................. 365 12.1.1 Basic implicit surface formulation ......................................................... 365 12.1.2 Animation using implicitly defined objects ........................................... 367 12.1.3 Collision detection .................................................................................. 368 12.1.4 Deforming the impíicit surface as a result of collision ......................... 368 12.1.5 Level set methods ................................................................................... 371 12.1.6 Summary ................................................................................................. 372 12.2 Hants ................................................................................................................... 372 12.2.1 A little bit of botany ............................................................................... 372 12.2.2 L-systems...... .............................................,............................................ 374 12.2.3 Animating plant growth... ......................................,................................ 379 12.2.4 Summary ..................................................................................,........... 381 12.3 Subdivision surfaces ................................................................................... 3g2 12.4 Chapter summary .............................................................._............ 3g4 Appendix A Rendering Issues ................................................„ 337 Appendix В Background Information and Techniques ............................................. IIIZZZ! 407 ..................................................................................................................1.11111111 503
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spelling	Parent, Rick Verfasser (DE-588)1029167990 aut Computer animation algorithms and techniques Rick Parent 3. ed. Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier 2012 XVII, 515 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Computeranimation (DE-588)4199710-4 gnd rswk-swf Algorithmische Programmierung (DE-588)4293504-0 gnd rswk-swf Computer animation. Computer programming--Mathematics. Computeranimation (DE-588)4199710-4 s Algorithmische Programmierung (DE-588)4293504-0 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Bamberg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025274735&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Parent, Rick Computer animation algorithms and techniques Computeranimation (DE-588)4199710-4 gnd Algorithmische Programmierung (DE-588)4293504-0 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4199710-4 (DE-588)4293504-0
title	Computer animation algorithms and techniques
title_auth	Computer animation algorithms and techniques
title_exact_search	Computer animation algorithms and techniques
title_full	Computer animation algorithms and techniques Rick Parent
title_fullStr	Computer animation algorithms and techniques Rick Parent
title_full_unstemmed	Computer animation algorithms and techniques Rick Parent
title_short	Computer animation
title_sort	computer animation algorithms and techniques
title_sub	algorithms and techniques
topic	Computeranimation (DE-588)4199710-4 gnd Algorithmische Programmierung (DE-588)4293504-0 gnd
topic_facet	Computeranimation Algorithmische Programmierung
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025274735&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
work_keys_str_mv	AT parentrick computeranimationalgorithmsandtechniques

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