Ėneolit Volžsko-Uralʹskogo meždurečʹja:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Russian |
| Published: |
Orenburg
Izdatelʹstvo OGPU
2011
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Physical Description: | 219 Seiten, 6 ungezählte Seiten Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 9785858594932 |
Staff View
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Ėneolit Volžsko-Uralʹskogo meždurečʹja |c N.L. Morgunova |
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| 300 | |a 219 Seiten, 6 ungezählte Seiten |b Illustrationen | ||
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| 546 | |a Text russisch | ||
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| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Chalkolithikum |0 (DE-588)4138001-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804149452425920512 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | COflEPMAHME
BBEflEHUE.................................................................. 4
EnaBa i. PAHHMM 3HE0/1HT.................................................... 14
CaMapcKaa Ky/ibTypa.........................................................14
ripMKacnMÍkKafl Ky/ibTypa ................................................ 37
í1po6/ieMa n pon exonde h na 3Heo/ikmmecKMx xy/ibTyp Bo/iro-Ypa/ibfl........39
XpoHo/iorkm caMapcKoíí h npMKacnuííCKOM Ky/ibTyp............................54
EnaBa II. PA3BHTOI/I 9TAn 3HEO/1HTA....................................... 62
CaMapcKafl ny/ibTypa........................................................62
Xea/ibiHcxan Ky/ibTypa.....................................................103
XpoHO/iornn ny/ibTyp pa3BHToro aTana aHeo/inra crenHoro-ziecocTenHoro
noBo/iwbfl m Flpuypa/ibfl...............................................122
T/iaBa III. n03flHHfí H llEPEWMTOHHbiÉÍ 3HEO/1HT.............................134
ApeBHePiuiMe noAKypraHHbie norpeóeHMB, npoóneMa BbiAe/ieHMfl no3AHero
aTana xBa/ibiHCKOíí Ky/ibTypbi m cnox eHMfl bmhoíí Ky/ibTypbi..............134
riaMBTHMKn penHHCKoro runa.................................................152
riaMBTHUKM a/rraTHHCKoro Tuna ........................................... 157
naMflTHMKM a/ieKceeecKoro Tuna.............................................164
naMBTHUKH TypraHUKCKoro Tuna ............................................ 168
CHHXpOHH3aU,Hfl M Ky/lbTypHbie CBB3IA SHeO/lMTMHeCKMX CTenHblX M /]eCOCTenHb!X
KynbTyp Bo/iro-Ypa/ibfl c/iecHbiMM Ky/ibTypaMki HoBo/iwbfl h npuypa/ib«.177
B3aMMOAeíícTBMe ny/ibTyp Bo/iwcKO-Ypa/ibCKoro Mex AypeHbfl
c 3Heo/inTMHecKHMM Ky/ibTypaMn 3aypa/ibfl..................................188
3AK/1KDHEHHE.................................................................201
CÍ1HCOK MCn0/lb30BAHH0l4 /WTEPATYPbl.........................................204
SUMMARY......................................................................218
3
SUMMARY
The Eneoiithic period in the Volga and Ural area is divided into 3 stages. The
early stage corresponds to the cultures of the Mariupol cultural and historical com-
munity (in the Volga area it is the Prikaspeiskay culture and the Syezhinsky stage of
the Samarskay culture). Simultaneously developing are the local Neolithic cultures.
In calibrated chronology this stage dates back within 5400 to 4800 BC.
The Eneoiithic period developed in East Europe steppe and forest-steppe zones,
including the Volga and Ural area, as its population actively cohabited in the area
in question and contacted those in ancient centers of farming. Earlier farmers from
the Balkan and Carpathian region evidently contributed very much to the consoli-
dation of the steppe people in the Mariupol cultural and historical community. An
opposing migration from the eastern Volga and Ural areas was taking place at the
same time (on the ground of widely spread pricked and scratched ornamental cov-
ering). Also important in this period were the ties with Caucasus and Central Asia
continued from the Neolithic period. This resulted in the exchange of technological
achievements and ideas both in economy and ideology as well as art and social re-
lationships.
Anyhow, the cultural development in such a vast area of steppes and forest
steppes — from the Dnieper to the Ural — could not possibly take place unless it
had a single economic basis that brought together varied cultures of the Mariupol
community at the same time close to each other in some respect (burial rite, collared
ceramics, etc) and peculiar in their own way.
The economic basis of the steppe zone was determined by the growing rate in
the development of nomadic cattle-breeding though oncoming private ownership
continued to play a significant role. The burial goods from all sites including those
of the Samara and near Caspian cultures at the time showed greater role of cattle-
breeding as well as horse-breeding. The horse cult became widely spread. Horse-
breeding was one of the main factors leading to a quicker consolidation of cultures
in this area.
The middle and advanced Eneoiithic stages in the Volga and Ural area are rep-
resented by the Khvalinsky culture and the Samara culture in the second stage of
its development. They correspond to the early and middle stages of the Srednystog
culture and the Nalchik burial ground in North Caucasus. Chronologically the Kh-
valinsky culture and the Samara culture in its second stage developed within 5000 to
4500 BC but some of the finds date back to the second half of the 5th millennium and
belong to the late Eneoiithic period. It is highly probable that they should be regard-
ed as belonging to the early kurgan burials and to the sites of the Altatinsky culture.
The advanced stage of the Eneoiithic period in the East Europe steppes and for-
est steppes continued to develop the cultural traditions of the Mariupol community
with a shift in favor of the steppe cultures. They spread actively both to the north
forest steppe and forest zones and to the west where earlier farmers had already set-
218
tied. The ethnic, cultural and economic reshuffle in the steppes resulted from closer
ties with the ancient metalworking centers in the Mediterranean and South Asia and
showed in such widely spread innovations as a crouched posture of the buried, new
designs and ways in pottery, a number of decorations on the burial attire, stone scep-
ters in the shape of a horse head and so on.
The most prominent position in the Volga and Ural steppes during the advanced
stage of the Eneolithic period was occupied by the Khvalinsky culture with its nu-
merous archaeological sites — burial grounds along the Volga, settlements and camps
to the north of the Caspian Sea and near Samara as well as first kurgan burials. The
south forest steppe zone at Samara and the south Ural area retained the traditions
of the Samara culture though not without a considerable impact by the Khvalinsky
culture. Likewise the forest steppe population profited from the ties of the Khvalin-
sky and Srednystog community by penetrating far to the south and played a part in
the formation of some cultural communities in the late Eneolithic period and early
Bronze Age. Even though close contacts between the steppe and forest steppe people
in the Volga and Ural area at the time are indisputable they seem to preserve their
own identity which marks the Khvalinsky culture off from the Samara culture and
shows both in pottery and stone-working practices and land belonging to them.
The late Eneolithic period coinciding in time with the late Srednystog culture
and Tripolye BI-II is represented in the steppe zone by kurgan burials and ceramics
peculiar to the Khvalinsky and post Khvalinsky culture as well as the sites of the
Altatinsky culture. In south forest steppes these are the grave goods of the Tokskay
culture. Thus the period in question is chronologically dated within the second half
of the 5th millennium BC.
During the first half of the 4th millennium BC (cal.) in the Bronze Age the south
forest steppes seem to retain a number of the cultural traditions from the Eneolithic
period on the ground of several sites which can be regarded as surviving for in that
period of time the steppe and forest steppe zones become dominated by that part of
the population which belong to the early Yamnaya (Pit-grave) culture.
Eneolithic cultures in the south Volga and Ural area left a great impact on the
process of development in the Volga and Kama forest zones as well as the cultures
of the Garin and Volosovsky community. According to radiocarbon dating the latter
was formed during the late Eneolithic period in the steppe and forest steppe zones
of the Volga area while its further development coincides in time when the Yamnaya
(Pit-grave) culture appeared and flourished. Similar processes were under way in the
forest steppe and forest zones of the Ural area where Eneolithic cultural traditions
began to appear at the end of the 5* millennium BC (cal.) and survived thanks to the
people of the post Khvalinsky and Yamnaya cultures.
The Eneolithic period in the forest zone of the Volga, the Kama and the Ural
set in much later as compared to the south Volga and Ural area. But the contacts
between the south and the forest population in south east Europe during the whole
period were continued and varied. So, by the end of the 5th millennium BC (cal.)
219
this process gradually spreads to the forest zones of the Kama, the middle and upper
Volga as well as to the steppe, forest steppe and finally forest areas across the Ural.
Since that time radiocarbon dating shows when there appeared the Volosovsky and
Garin-Bor cultures as well as those across the Ural marked off by the ceramics with
geometrically scratched ornaments.
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|
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| geographic_facet | Ural-Wolga-Gebiet |
| id | DE-604.BV040402424 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:23:15Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9785858594932 |
| language | Russian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025255588 |
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| physical | 219 Seiten, 6 ungezählte Seiten Illustrationen |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publishDateSearch | 2011 |
| publishDateSort | 2011 |
| publisher | Izdatelʹstvo OGPU |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Morgunova, Nina Leonidovna Verfasser (DE-588)156182351 aut Ėneolit Volžsko-Uralʹskogo meždurečʹja N.L. Morgunova Orenburg Izdatelʹstvo OGPU 2011 219 Seiten, 6 ungezählte Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Text russisch Kyrillische Schrift Chalkolithikum (DE-588)4138001-0 gnd rswk-swf Ural-Wolga-Gebiet (DE-588)4394974-5 gnd rswk-swf Ural-Wolga-Gebiet (DE-588)4394974-5 g Chalkolithikum (DE-588)4138001-0 s DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025255588&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025255588&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Morgunova, Nina Leonidovna Ėneolit Volžsko-Uralʹskogo meždurečʹja Chalkolithikum (DE-588)4138001-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4138001-0 (DE-588)4394974-5 |
| title | Ėneolit Volžsko-Uralʹskogo meždurečʹja |
| title_auth | Ėneolit Volžsko-Uralʹskogo meždurečʹja |
| title_exact_search | Ėneolit Volžsko-Uralʹskogo meždurečʹja |
| title_full | Ėneolit Volžsko-Uralʹskogo meždurečʹja N.L. Morgunova |
| title_fullStr | Ėneolit Volžsko-Uralʹskogo meždurečʹja N.L. Morgunova |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ėneolit Volžsko-Uralʹskogo meždurečʹja N.L. Morgunova |
| title_short | Ėneolit Volžsko-Uralʹskogo meždurečʹja |
| title_sort | eneolit volzsko uralʹskogo mezdurecʹja |
| topic | Chalkolithikum (DE-588)4138001-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Chalkolithikum Ural-Wolga-Gebiet |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025255588&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025255588&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT morgunovaninaleonidovna eneolitvolzskouralʹskogomezdurecʹja |