Iz istorije nastave matematike u osnovnim i srednjim školama u Srbiji: od časti kao upražnenije u matematičkom mišljenju, od časti kao hudežstvo za praktičan život
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Beograd
Pedagoški Muzej
2011
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | In kyrill. Schr., serb. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Teaching of mathematics in high schools and vocational schools in Serbia until 1918 |
| Beschreibung: | 146 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9788682453161 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804149395941228544 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | САДРЖАЈ
Јелена
Гаровић:
Развој
насшаве рачуницеу основним школамау
Србији
у
XIX
и
почешком
XX
века
.......7
Др
Наташа
Вујисић-Живковић,
др Мирко
Дејић,
мр
Маријана Зељић:
Разво]
методике
основношкоАске насшаве рачуницеу Кнежевини
(Краљевини) СрбијиуХЈХ
веку
.........................41
Mp Maja
Николова: Настава математикеу
шмназијама
и стручним школамау
Србији
до
1918.
юдине
...........................................................................................97
Summary
Teaching of Mathematics in High Schools and Vocational Schools in Serbia until
1918
The role of Mathematics as scientific and teaching subject recognizes only when the historically
examine its role and place in the educational process. From the earliest days it is present in the Cur¬
ricula of all Elementary, Middle and High schools as general education or vocational subject, whose
importance depended on the current social needs. In addition to reading and writing, as a subject
connected with practical life, the arithmetic is taught in Primary schools, while in High schools Math¬
ematics is taught under various names: Calculation, Calculus, Mathematics, Algebra or Arithmetic,
and later was expanded to include the contents of the Geometric drawing.
In the first decades of the development of a new Serbian state in the early 19th century, education
in the national spirit of mathematical knowledge is neglected, and when the problems of computing
and engineering disciplines have become part of everyday life, it has gained importance. The success
of mathematics education depended not only on educational policy, but also from the very beginning,
on the lack of professors, and when the Serbs that were educated abroad took their scholarly places
progress of this discipline was secured.
The calculation, that is taught in the first four grades, and Math during High school education,
were aimed to develop mathematical thinking and to assist in training for practical life. That is why
in addition to general mathematical concepts were taught and those who have infringed in the area
of accounting or bookkeeping, which was linked to real needs. In the upper grades of High school
students were given the opportunity to become familiar with some basic, but not enough cultivated
notions of higher Mathematics, while Geometry was almost non-existent. In one of the first Curricu-
lums for High schools, Available Student s Subjects from
1845,
in the Calculations, during the first four
years, were taught basic mathematical concepts
-
four arithmetic operations, cubic and square roots,
fractions, and in the fifth and sixth grade scales, lines and logarithms.
The issue of textbooks and teaching materials, which are an essential basis of any knowledge, pret¬
ty late has been resolved. Teaching based on rote learning and dictation was amended with Serbianized
translations of foreign authors, and in the second half of the 19th century Serbian mathematicians have
printed their first original work, when also began with the extensive application of teaching aids. In the
year of
1833
Gligorije
Zorić
issued Management to Arithmetic for Principality-Serbian schools, then in
1853
Ljudevit Španić
published Basic Calculations for the lower High school grades, while for the higher
grades was used Algebra translation from
thel856.
and Franc Mochnic s Geometry from
1857.
Based on
the report of the First Belgrade Gymnasium circa
1860.
were used the first teaching funds for Mathe¬
matics
-
caliper, right-angled triangles and a ruler, and as well were used geometric figures and bodies.
For the development of mathematical and technical sciences of the utmost importance was the
establishment of Real Gymnasiums in Belgrade in
1865.
that began working as a continuation of
138
Trade school. Although the first years of the curriculum had a number of vocational subjects, this
school had a secondary feature of trade and agricultural schools, and finnaly in the eighties of the 19th
century received a technical character, and later was identified with the High school.
With determined efforts of the Minister of Education,
Stojan
Novaković,
passing The Law on
Organization of High School, in
1881.
have been promoted the work of all High schools. In Septem¬
ber of the same year, have been adopted a new Curriculum for High schools and Real Gymnasiums, in
which Mathematics included knowledge of arithmetic, algebra and geometry and was represented
with the most classes.
In order to reduce the inflow of wider groups in High school, conservative ruling circles, before
the end of the 19th century, entered the revision of school laws. In this sense, on the
1898.
passed
The Law on High schools, which envisaged the existence of a small number of Real Gymnasiums, High
schools and Secondary schools. In September of that year was adopted a new Curriculum on the basis
of which the largest number of mathematics classes in Secondary school was represented with a total
of
44
classes per week in all eight grades, then in Real Gymnasium with
36
and
29
in the Classical
Gymnasiums, while Descriptive Geometry was taught as an independent subject in Secondary school.
In relation to the curriculum from previous years, the latest system was an improvement because, by
extending Mathematics classes, primer subjects received importance.
Considering the state of education during the World War First, thus the development of math¬
ematical education, it is important to note that at the same time while in France Serbian youth were
receiving education, in Serbia tried to restore the school system. To this end, in August
1915,
in the
interior of the High schools were organized graduation courses in the short program that enabled the
completion of schooling. In addition, during the war was open Gymnasiums in Belgrade, Cesar and
Royal Grammar School and Private for female Real Gymnasium, as well as the High school in Kraguje-
vac,
Kruševac, Valjevo, Šabac
and
Uzice.
The emergence of vocational schools in Serbia is linked to the mid-19th century when began
to work Business-Trade school in Belgrade where, on the basis of Dispositional for Business-Trade
Schools, during the three-year education, was taught common and trade Calculation
-
and Geometry
with Planimetry. School was renamed on January
14/27,1900.
to Serbian Royal State Trade Academy,
in which Mathematics is still taught under the old curriculum. In this school, special attention was
paid to linking theory and practice, especially when it comes to professional courses so that students
leaving school immediately are able to get actively involved in merchant and commercial professions,
which could not be imagined without the mathematical concepts of the elementary and higher math¬
ematics. It is certainly contributed by professors, distinguished professionals, as well as by books
especially printed for this type of school such as Merchant calculus of
Sreta
Stojković
(1895),
The cal¬
culation for the first year of Trade school by
Uroš Blagojević
(1908),
Merchant calculations according
to Krajbig by Djordje
Tasić
(1899)
and others.
139
Students of Schools for Teachers had an important and delicate task because, as future teach¬
ers, had to exercise the first student s contact with Mathematics. However, for quite a while, even
they themselves were not properly sent to the area, as well as their knowledge was quite modest.
Only when the company felt the need for broader knowledge in mathematics the number of classes
was increased, the concepts in this discipline are beginning to be further processed, as late as pos¬
sible to give teacher staff a solid visible contribution to the improvement of teaching elementary
mathematics.
In the group of schools that, among other things, have aimed at the preparation of teachers, is
one of the Higher Female School, founded in
1863.
in Belgrade. On the basis of The Law on Higher
Female School Calculus is taught as a compulsory subject; while starting from the
1879
Mathematics
is taken in the teacher s final exam. The lag in the education of women in Serbian conservative and
patriarchal society of 19th century, reflected in the teaching of Mathematics. A small number of girls
are further educated, especially in the field of natural
-
mathematical disciplines. Their knowledge
in this field was the only general or eventually sufficient to, as teachers in Female Primary Schools,
influence the formation of basic mathematical concepts in younger school children.
As Serbia was agricultural country it is understandable that very early is established a two-year
school for Agriculture apropos Economic Institute on
Topčider,
which began its work on January
10/23,
of
1853.
Within theoretical subjects, in this school, was accumulating the basic knowledge of
arithmetic. Due to poor organization pretty soon School was closed. But, since the need for this type
of education was still present in
Požarevac
in
1872.
was open Agriculture-forest school where the
Mathematics have been taught within Meadow Forest Agriculture and Mathematics.
In addition to Agriculture, to develop the craft, and later the industry, were open Vocation Schools.
The first school of this kind was established at the Department of Kragujevac in
1862
and had three
directions: for the hammersmith, carpenter and saddler craft. Relatively late, in the
1892
was issued
The Act for Craftsmen schools. The following year brought the Syllabus for a three-year extened Artisan
School in
Požarevac.
In these schools were dominated professional, practical and theoretical classes,
so the mathematical knowledge was adapted to it.
Certainly in the school system of Serbia in the second half of the 19th and the first decades of
the 20th century were Private and other Public schools, but they were mostly short-lived, and the
educational content is not much different from existing ones. They taught Mathematic as a subject of
general education without of their own characteristics.
140
|
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| spelling | Garović, Jelena Verfasser aut Iz istorije nastave matematike u osnovnim i srednjim školama u Srbiji od časti kao upražnenije u matematičkom mišljenju, od časti kao hudežstvo za praktičan život Jelena Garović ... Beograd Pedagoški Muzej 2011 146 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier In kyrill. Schr., serb. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Teaching of mathematics in high schools and vocational schools in Serbia until 1918 Geschichte 1845-1918 gnd rswk-swf Mathematikunterricht (DE-588)4037949-8 gnd rswk-swf Serbien (DE-588)4054598-2 gnd rswk-swf Serbien (DE-588)4054598-2 g Mathematikunterricht (DE-588)4037949-8 s Geschichte 1845-1918 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025210588&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025210588&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Garović, Jelena Iz istorije nastave matematike u osnovnim i srednjim školama u Srbiji od časti kao upražnenije u matematičkom mišljenju, od časti kao hudežstvo za praktičan život Mathematikunterricht (DE-588)4037949-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4037949-8 (DE-588)4054598-2 |
| title | Iz istorije nastave matematike u osnovnim i srednjim školama u Srbiji od časti kao upražnenije u matematičkom mišljenju, od časti kao hudežstvo za praktičan život |
| title_auth | Iz istorije nastave matematike u osnovnim i srednjim školama u Srbiji od časti kao upražnenije u matematičkom mišljenju, od časti kao hudežstvo za praktičan život |
| title_exact_search | Iz istorije nastave matematike u osnovnim i srednjim školama u Srbiji od časti kao upražnenije u matematičkom mišljenju, od časti kao hudežstvo za praktičan život |
| title_full | Iz istorije nastave matematike u osnovnim i srednjim školama u Srbiji od časti kao upražnenije u matematičkom mišljenju, od časti kao hudežstvo za praktičan život Jelena Garović ... |
| title_fullStr | Iz istorije nastave matematike u osnovnim i srednjim školama u Srbiji od časti kao upražnenije u matematičkom mišljenju, od časti kao hudežstvo za praktičan život Jelena Garović ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Iz istorije nastave matematike u osnovnim i srednjim školama u Srbiji od časti kao upražnenije u matematičkom mišljenju, od časti kao hudežstvo za praktičan život Jelena Garović ... |
| title_short | Iz istorije nastave matematike u osnovnim i srednjim školama u Srbiji |
| title_sort | iz istorije nastave matematike u osnovnim i srednjim skolama u srbiji od casti kao upraznenije u matematickom misljenju od casti kao hudezstvo za praktican zivot |
| title_sub | od časti kao upražnenije u matematičkom mišljenju, od časti kao hudežstvo za praktičan život |
| topic | Mathematikunterricht (DE-588)4037949-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Mathematikunterricht Serbien |
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