Performance of manufacturing firms in Africa: an empirical analysis
Saved in:
| Format: | Book |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Washington
World Bank
2012
|
| Series: | Directions in development : Private sector development
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Physical Description: | XXI, 211 S. |
| ISBN: | 0821396323 9780821396322 |
Staff View
MARC
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Record in the Search Index
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Foreword
xi
Acknowledgments
χν
Contributors
xvii
Abbreviations
xxi
Chapter
]
Overview
1
George R.
G
Clarke and Hinh T. Dinh
Introduction
1
Characteristics of African Manufacturing Firms
5
Binding Constraints on Growth for Formal Firms
12
Binding Constraints for Small Firms
18
Conclusion
21
Notes
22
References
24
Chapter
2
Performance of Formal Manufacturing
Firms in Africa
27
Ann E. Harrison, Justin Yifu Lin, and L. Colin Xu
Introduction
27
Data and Measurements
29
vi
Contents
How Do African Firms Compare with Firms
in Other Countries?
34
Determinants of Firm Performance
37
Explaining Africa s Disadvantage Relative
to the Better Comparison Group
40
Conclusion
4
Notes 42
References
43
Chapter
3
Manufacturing Firms in Africa 47
George R. G. Clarke
Introduction
47
Exporting by African Manufacturing Firms
49
Stylized Facts about Firm Performance
in Sub-Saharan Africa
51
Econometric Analysis
57
The High Cost of Doing Business in
Sub-Saharan Africa
62
Weak Competition That Distorts Productivity
and Wages
66
Conclusion
72
Annex
3.1
Data Description
75
Annex
3.2
Measures of Firm Performance
78
Notes
79
References
83
Chapter
4
The Binding Constraint on the Growth
of Firms in Developing Countries
87
Hinh T. Dinh, Dimitris A. Mavridis,
and Hoa B. Nguyen
Introduction
87
Literature Review
89
Data
93
The Most Binding Constraint in the Business
Environment
99
Impact of Financial Access Variables on
Employment Growth
Determinants of Financial Access
1
Contents
vii
The Effect of Financial Access on Employment
Growth, by Firm Size and Age
113
Firm Size Distribution
118
Conclusion
123
Annex
4.1
The Biggest Reported Obstacles
125
Annex
4.2
The Top Constraints Cited by Firms
129
Notes
134
References
135
Chapter
5
Results of Sample Surveys of Firms
139
Marcel Fafchamps and Simon Quinn
Introduction
139
The Quantitative Firm Surveys
140
Firm Characteristics
143
The Origins and Development of
Entrepreneurial Capabilities
145
The Regulatory Environment
147
Competition
149
Social Capital
151
Innovation
156
Inputs
162
Outputs
165
Labor
168
Finance
173
Productivity
179
Firm Growth
182
Annex
5.1
Quantitative Entrepreneur
Survey Questionnaire
183
Notes
211
Reference
211
Figures
1.1
Few African Countries Have Been Successful
in Export-Oriented Manufacturing
2
1.2
Share of Firms That Export, by Region
8
1.3
Firm Managers in Africa Say Electricity and
Access to Finance Are the Biggest Problems They Face
13
1.4
MSMEs Were Less Likely to Be Registered in the
Three African Countries Relative to China or Vietnam
19
viii Contents
З
1
Share of Firms That Export, by Region
50
3 2
Value Added per Worker in Firms in Africa
and Other Regions
52
3.3
Labor Costs per Worker in Firms in Africa
and Other Regions
55
3.4
Average Monthly Wages for Production Workers
in Firms in Africa and Other Regions
56
3.5
Unit Labor Costs in Firms in Africa and Other Regions
57
3.6
Indirect Costs as a Percentage of Sales, by Region
63
3.7
Monthly Labor Costs for Registered and Unregistered
MSMEs in Zambia
68
4.1
Distribution of the Top Obstacle Cited by Enterprises,
All Economies
Ю2
4.2
Firm Size Distribution, by Age
121
4.3
Firm Size Distribution, by Sector
122
4.4
Firm Size Distribution, All Sectors, by Region
122
4.5
Size Distribution: Credit-Constrained and
Non-Credit-Constrained Firms
123
4.6
Size Distribution by the Perception of Access
to Finance as an Obstacle
124
4
A.
1
The Biggest Reported Obstacles, by Region
125
5.1
The Distribution of the Regular Workforce, by Country
142
5.2
Number of Foreign Competitors
150
5.3
Firm Size and the Number of Regular Suppliers
163
5.4
Firm Size and Sales to Main Customers
166
5.5
Exports
167
5.6
Years of Schooling among Production Workers
5.7
Firm Size and Firms with Bank Accounts
5.8
Loan Duration
177
5.9
Firm Size and Labor Costs
180
5.10
Sales Growth
182
Tables
1.1
Manufacturing as a Share of GDP
3
1.2
Manufacturing Exports as a Share of
Merchandise Exports
4
1.3
Average and Median Number of Employees, Weighted
Enterprise Survey Samples
7
1.4
Export Destinations for Enterprises Included in
the Investment Climate Surveys of the Early 2000s
9
Contents
¡χ
] .5
Differences in Productivity, by Region
(Firm-Level Regressions]
10
3.1
Manufacturing as a Share of GDP
48
3.2
Export Destinations for Enterprises Included
in the Investment Climate Surveys of the Early 2000s
50
3.3
Labor Costs in Africa and Other Regions
54
3.4
Differences in Productivity, by Region
(Firm-Level Regressions)
59
3.5
Differences in Productivity, by Region, with
GDP Omitted (Firm-Level Regressions)
61
3.6
Indirect Costs as a Share of Sales, by Region
64
3.7
Tax Rates in Sub-Saharan Africa and Other Regions
66
3.8
Average Monthly Labor Costs for MSMEs in Zambia,
by Registration Status, Sector, and Location
68
3.9
Labor Regulations in Sub-Saharan Africa
and Other Regions
69
3.10
Time and Cost to Start a Business in Africa and
Other Regions
71
3.11
Cost of Importing and Exporting
72
3.12
Differences in the Median Values of Productivity
Variables, by Region
73
3.13
Differences in the Median Values of Productivity
Variables, Africa
74
3A.1 List of Countries, Regions, and Number of
Observations for Productivity Data
76
4.1
Variable Descriptions and Summary Statistics
95
4.2
Firm Characteristics According to Different Groups
of Controls
97
4.3
Employment Growth, by Firm Characteristics
and Region
98
4.4
The Effect of Business Environment Obstacles
on Employment Growth, by Sector 1
00
4.5
The Effect of Business Environment Obstacles
on Employment Growth, by Region
101
4.6
The Effect of Business Environment Obstacles
on Employment Growth
103
4.7
The Effect of Business Environment Obstacles on
Employment Growth, Average Industry-Wide Obstacles
107
4.8
The Effect of Objective Financial Access Variables
on Employment Growth
111
χ
Contents
4.9
The Effect of Objective Financial Access Variables,
by Firm Characteristics
113
4.10
Differences in the Effects of Objective Financial
Access Variables on Employment Growth, by Firm
Size and Age
115
4.11
Differences in the Effects of Objective
Financial Access Variables on Employment
Growth, by Firm Size and Age across Regions
116
4.12
The Effect of Combined Objective Financial
Access Variables on Employment Growth,
by Firm Characteristics and Region
119
4
A.I Top Constraints Cited by Firms, by Country
and Region
129
5.1
Breakdown of the Country Samples, by Sector
141
5.2
Legal Status
143
5.3
Who Contributed to the Creation of the Firm?
145
5.4
The Regulatory Environment
147
5.5
Business Contacts
153
5.6
Giving Assistance to and Receiving Assistance
from Business Contacts
155
5.7
Innovation
156
5.8
Who Provided the Technical Expertise to Develop
New Products?
159
5.9
Who Provided the Technical Expertise to Change
the Production Process or Delivery System? 1°1
5.10
The Source of Funding for the Adoption of
Innovations
162
5.11
Breakdown of Labor by Occupational Categories
169
5.12
Source of Finance for the Most Recent Purchase
of Machinery, Equipment, or Vehicles
174
5.13
Firms That Have Borrowed from Different
Sources,
2006-10 176
Performance
of Manufacturing Firms in
Africain
Empirical Analysis sheds light on the
characteristics of formal and informal manufacturing firms in Africa by comparing
these firms with firms in other regions. Drawing on two data sources, the authors find
that there is a very low share of manufacturing in GDP in Africa and in African exports.
Most African manufacturing firms are informal. These firms are also smaller than firms
in other regions and few export. Labor productivity is low in Africa relative to other
regions, but this may be because of the more challenging environment
—
with
the lack of physical infrastructure, the heavy burden of business regulation, and other
issues. However, after accounting for these differences, the authors find that firms
in Sub-Saharan Africa appear more, not less, productive than firms elsewhere.
This analysis suggests that improving the business environment might allow firms to
enhance their performance. However, given the pervasive distortions in the business
environment and the limited resources at the disposal of most African countries, Africa
cannot and should not wait until the business environment becomes healthier before
growing a more viable manufacturing sector. Performance of Manufacturing Firms
in Africa: An Empirical Analysis shows that binding constraints vary by country, by sector,
and by firm size. Therefore, countries should identify the constraints in the most
promising sectors and adopt policies designed specifically to remove these constraints.
The evidence in this book overwhelmingly dispels the false notion of Africa s inability
1
compete globally in manufacturing goods. This book will be of interest to economists,
policy makers, and government officials working to improve manufacturing firm
performance in Africa.
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| series2 | Directions in development : Private sector development |
| spelling | Performance of manufacturing firms in Africa an empirical analysis Hinh T. Dinh ..., ed. Washington World Bank 2012 XXI, 211 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Directions in development : Private sector development Verarbeitende Industrie (DE-588)4133768-2 gnd rswk-swf Produktivität (DE-588)4047364-8 gnd rswk-swf Afrika (DE-588)4000695-5 gnd rswk-swf Verarbeitende Industrie (DE-588)4133768-2 s Produktivität (DE-588)4047364-8 s Afrika (DE-588)4000695-5 g DE-604 Dinh, Hinh-truong 1953- Sonstige (DE-588)171247027 oth Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-8213-9633-9 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025191196&sequence=000005&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025191196&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Performance of manufacturing firms in Africa an empirical analysis Verarbeitende Industrie (DE-588)4133768-2 gnd Produktivität (DE-588)4047364-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4133768-2 (DE-588)4047364-8 (DE-588)4000695-5 |
| title | Performance of manufacturing firms in Africa an empirical analysis |
| title_auth | Performance of manufacturing firms in Africa an empirical analysis |
| title_exact_search | Performance of manufacturing firms in Africa an empirical analysis |
| title_full | Performance of manufacturing firms in Africa an empirical analysis Hinh T. Dinh ..., ed. |
| title_fullStr | Performance of manufacturing firms in Africa an empirical analysis Hinh T. Dinh ..., ed. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Performance of manufacturing firms in Africa an empirical analysis Hinh T. Dinh ..., ed. |
| title_short | Performance of manufacturing firms in Africa |
| title_sort | performance of manufacturing firms in africa an empirical analysis |
| title_sub | an empirical analysis |
| topic | Verarbeitende Industrie (DE-588)4133768-2 gnd Produktivität (DE-588)4047364-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Verarbeitende Industrie Produktivität Afrika |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025191196&sequence=000005&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025191196&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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