Rosja - państwo imperialne?:
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Polish |
| Published: |
Gdynia
Wydawnictwo Akademickie Akademii Marynarki Wojennej
2011
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Item Description: | Zsfassung in engl. u. russ. Sprache u.d.T.: Russia - imperial state? |
| Physical Description: | 330 s. 25 cm. |
| ISBN: | 9788360278659 |
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MARC
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Record in the Search Index
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|---|---|
| adam_text | SPIS TREŚCI
WSTĘP
........................................................................................................... 7
1.
GLOBALIZACJA JAKO KONTEKST DZIAŁANIA WSPÓŁCZESNEJ
ROSJI
......................................................................................................... 21
1.1.
Sprzeczności globalizacji
........................................................................... 21
1.2.
Imperium w warunkach globalizacji
......................................................... 27
1.3.
Rola idei w kształtowaniu polityki państwa
............................................... 32
1.4.
Nowy paradygmat i metody wyjścia z kryzysu
.......................................... 37
2.
GEOGRAFICZNE UWARUNKOWANIA ROSJI
..................................... 41
2.1.
Przestrzeń geograficzna a życie człowieka
................................................. 41
2.2.
Wartość przestrzenna w humanistycznych badaniach środowiska
przyrodniczego
......................................................................................... 42
2.3.
Wpływ czynników ładu przestrzennego na Rosję
...................................... 43
2.4.
Geograficzne cechy Rosji
.......................................................................... 45
2.5.
Globalne znaczenie bogactw naturalnych Rosji
......................................... 49
2.6.
Znaczenie wartości przestrzennych dla rosyjskiej duchowości
.................. 55
3.
PRAWOSŁAWIE JAKO CZYNNIK KONSTYTUUJĄCY SPECYFIKĘ
CYWILIZACYJNO-KULTUROWĄ ROSJI
............................................... 61
3.1.
Religia a cywilizacja
................................................................................. 61
3.2.
Prawosławie a Rosja
................................................................................. 62
3.3.
Cerkiew prawosławna a rosyjska władza
.................................................... 68
3.4.
Elementy prawosławia
............................................................................... 76
3.4.1.
Doktrynalne
.................................................................................... 76
3.4.2.
Instytucjonalne
................................................................................ 79
3.4.3.
Psychologiczne
................................................................................. 81
3.4.4.
Duchowe
.......................................................................................... 82
3.5.
Religijne źródła cywilizacyjnego zróżnicowania Rosji i Zachodu
-
wybrane czynniki
..................................................................................... 85
3.5.1.
Rola
nominalizmu
........................................................................... 85
3.5.2.
Stosunek do struktury ekonomicznej
............................................... 88
3.6.
Ideowy rezonans myśli prawosławnej
....................................................... 94
Spis
tresei
4.
ISTOTA ROSYJSKIEJ
IDEI
....................................................................... 99
4.1.
Próba definicji pojęcia
.............................................................................. 99
4.1.1.
Uwarunkowania kulturowe
............................................................. 99
4.1.2.
Wymiary pojęcia
.............................................................................. 103
4.2.
Zarys historii idei rosyjskiej
...................................................................... 105
4.2.1.
Etap intuicyjny
................................................................................. 105
4.2.2.
Etap refleksyjno-analityczny
............................................................. 110
4.2.3.
Etap syntetyczny
.............................................................................. 114
4.3.
Dylematy użyteczności pojęcia
.................................................................. 115
4.3.1.
Okres komunistyczny
...................................................................... 115
4.3.2.
Okres po upadku ZSRR
................................................................... 116
4.4.
Próba konkretyzacji rosyjskiej idei
............................................................ 121
4.5.
Idea rosyjska a Zachód
.............................................................................. 146
4.5.1.
Jądro kultury i jego przejawy
............................................................ 146
4.5.2.
Możliwości cywilizacyjnej konfrontacji i syntezy
.............................. 152
5.
AKSJOLOGICZNE DYLEMATY POLITYKI WŁADIMIRA
PUTINA
157
5.1.
Specyfika władzy w Rosji
........................................................................... 157
5.1.1.
Czas i przestrzeń w rozpoznaniu znaczenia pojęć
............................. 157
5.1.2.
Car w rosyjskiej tradycji
.................................................................. 159
5.2.
Stan państwa i narodu rosyjskiego przed objęciem władzy przez
Władimira
Putina
..................................................................................... 170
5.3.
Ideologiczne wędrówki prezydenta
Putina
................................................ 175
5.3.1.
Wzorzec cywilizacyjny jako wybór kierunku polityki państwa
......... 175
5.3.2.
Okcydentalizm
................................................................................. 181
5.3.3.
Eurazjatyzm
.................................................................................... 188
5.3.4.
Wzorzec cywilizacyjny a uwarunkowania geopolityczne
................... 190
5.3.5.
Eurazjatyzm a model chiński
............................................................ 192
5.3.6.
Na drodze do samoistności
.............................................................. 197
5.3.7.
Struktura ekonomiczna
.................................................................... 199
5.3.8.
Struktura prawno-polityczna
........................................................... 206
5.3.9.
Struktura ideologiczna
..................................................................... 208
5.4.
Recepcje polityki
Putina
........................................................................... 218
5.5.
Antycypacja zmian w rosyjskiej polityce
.................................................... 222
Spis treści
ZAKOŃCZENIE
............................................................................................ 227
POSŁOWIE
.................................................................................................... 235
1.
Rosja
-
sprawdzone prognozy
..................................................................... 235
2.
Rosja a kryzys globalizacji
........................................................................... 236
3.
Podstruktura
ekonomiczna Federacji Rosyjskiej
.......................................... 241
4.
Podstruktura prawno-polityczna
................................................................. 247
4.1.
Rosja Miedwiediewa
.............................................................................. 247
5.
Podstruktura
ideologiczna
........................................................................... 256
5.1.
Idea Rosj i
j ako
cywilizacji
..................................................................... 256
5.2.
Rola prawosławia
.................................................................................. 260
6.
Od
2008
do
2012
roku
-
spełniona wizja epoki
Putina
................................. 262
RUSSIA
-
IMPERIAL
STATE?
..................................................................... 265
РОССИЯ
-
ИМПЕРИЯ?
.............................................................................. 273
BIBLIOGRAFIA
............................................................................................ 281
RUSSIA
-
IMPERIAL STATE?
The main topic of this monograph is finding the answer to the
question weather Russia owns the conditions and capabilities to propose the
adequate idea for itself and the world in the twenty first century. This
question marks the area of research that involves the cultural, environmental,
natural and political potential of Russia. The attempt to verify the hypothesis
that Russia shows the multidimensional potential, which gives a chance to
formulate the universal idea, that is the idea that would allow the solution of
the global problems of humanity, has been undertaken. That is one of the
possibilities. The very same potential of Russia can be used to rebuild the
emplre in a form that deeply resembles the ones functioning at the end of
nineteenth and in the beginning of the twentieth century. This can happen
ue to blocking the
démocratisation
processes and the communitarian forms
e social life in case of the imitative, mimic form of realization of the west-
uropean individualism and conservatism. The imperial character of Russia
can as well develop due to the alienation of the corporate forms of social
Agirne
and the military industry.
Modern Russia functions in the international order dominated by the
globalization process, which needs to be thoroughly recognized in order to
show the objective conditionings of the Russian politics and the directions of
the state development. Globalization is yet another form of the capitalistic
system that is product of the western civilization. It manifests itself in a form
tne global corporation domination that transform the countries into their
tools. In politics they call for the universalistic democracy and the formally
viewed libertarian ideology. It has been noticed that globalization shows
various contradictions that indicate its ideological features in its prevailing
form. Those contradictions are seen between the planned, well organized
Production inside the corporation and the general social disorganization of
h social life; between the social production and the individual usurpation;
265
Russia
-
imperial state?
between the so-called privatization of the profits and the socializing of the
costs; between the activism of the capital culture based on the egoism and the
passiveness of the masses; between the rising numbers of population and the
increasing unemployment that is the result of the automation and
robotization; between the qualitative stagnation of a man and the
development of the material living conditions. The origins of the success of
the mono-centric globalization can be found in a higher level of the economic
and technologic development of the countries representing the western
civilization. Historically shaped, specific civilizational features give those
countries advantage over the other parts of the world, which allows the
unfunded use of the economical resources. It leads to the economic, political,
cultural and institutional domination. The mentioned processes generate the
multi-dimensional crisis of culture. United States serve as a good example
-
it
is a country that influenced grandly the process of globalization and now it
sutters the leadership crisis. It is connected to the attempted one-direction
impositions of the economic, political and cultural solutions to the other
countries, which happens sometimes with the use of the military powers and
against the international law.
In a present international situation, understanding of the empire
requires the capturing of the essence of the globalization process. Till now
empire has been understood as the political structure that posses certain
features that are: the ability to enforce its will, the expansiveness, the
assurance of the order and the creation of hierarchy. In a historical practice,
many various forms and
socio-
cultural contents co-existed under a common
name of the empire . In order to avoid the stereotypical views, one must
clearly place the notion in a given socio-historical context and situation.
The main factor that defines the future of the civilization is the
culture understood as the system of the social values manifesting themselves
in politics in a form of the undertaken ideas. In the literature one can find this
notion functioning as the increasing importance of the soft power over the
hard power. This way of presenting the problem is based on the standards
binding in the international methodology of the social and humanistic
science, in which it was declared that the end of the cultural crisis is possible
266
Russia
-
imperial state?
by working out of a certain idea and the crucial ingredient to realize that idea
is the country lead by the remarkable leader. It explains clearly why analyses
regarding Russia were in a large part devoted to its cultural potential.
In order to cease the crisis of the globalisation culture, a new
paradigm of viewing the reality is necessary. The paradigm that involves the
changes in a form of new methodology of the humanistic sciences; that
involves the return to the idea of renaissance as the source of the method of
critical reflection regarding the social life; that involves the revolution within
the state structures based on the moral revolution; that involves the dis-
alienation of the international corporations; that involves the departure from
the idea of
monétisation
of the economic relations. This group of postulates
serves as the certain type that is ideal to evaluate the cultural potential of
Russia.
The influence of the natural environment on the Russian position in
the twenty first century predestines it to think of itself in the global categories.
The spatial order influences Russia in terms of political, cultural, spiritual and
economic dimension. The geographical conditionings make Russia the
biggest county in the world that lies on two continents
-
Asia and Europe.
The theoretician of the geo-politics Halford McKinder and
Zbigniew
Brzeziński
has pointed the crucial role of Eurasia for the global leadership.
The importance of the geographical location is emphasized in the Eurasian
belief, that is a fairly important element in the contemporary geo-political
concepts in Russia.
The spatial location has always meant for Russia the necessity to
fonction
next to many other civilisations -the Islamic, Buddhist and Western
ones. Throughout the centuries Russia has fought, competed on the field of
culture and it has also learned the forms of co-existence that would create the
Possibilities for growth. The experience of organising life of many different
civilisations within its territory is also very important. At the end of the
twentieth century there were
176
different ethnic groups representing the
mosaic of various religions living in Russia. That shows that Russia is well
Prepared to serve as a civilizational bridge between the east and the west. That
is why we can consider Russian global mission.
267
Russia
-
imperial state?
The natural resources of oil and the natural gas are an important
element of this spatial order. Thank to those Russia becomes an important
financial player. This fact creates an alternative view of the growth of that
country. The natural resources allow Russia to mark certain directions and
political goals. They also strengthen the strategy to become an empire.
It allows the possibility to construct the new universal idea for itself and the
world.
As far as the influence of the spatial order on the Russian spirituality
is concerned it is visible in a special role of certain values: the idea of freedom,
the land, the infinity and contemplation. It can also generate the negative
phenomena: the organisational chaos, the passiveness in action and the
stimulation of grandiosity.
The most important factor in shaping specific Russian values was the
cultural foundation, in which we can observe the multifaceted influence of
the eastern Christianity. It is a religion different from the Catholicism and
Protestantism both in doctrine and institution. The eastern Christianity has
built the Russian civilisation on the foundation of different system of values,
which manifested in the social, economic, political and legal practice. Those
dependences are visible in the form of
sacralisation
of the political myths
-
for instance creating the idea that Moscow is the third Rome . The contents
of those political myths are linked to the
actualisation
of the rules of
missionary ideals, to the
universalism,
to the attempts to better the world, to
nurture the feeling of exceptionality, expressed in the conviction of being the
defenders of the true Christianity . The specifics of the Eastern Orthodox
Church have its origins in institutional auto-cephality of the church and the
spread of the religious doctrines in the national languages. Thus the orthodox
values like conciliarity, spiritual freedom, the drive to introduce theopoiesis
in the world that are frequently seen in the Russian ideals.
The Russian history often shows a close cooperation of the church
and the state. The subordination of the state to the church allowed the
spiritual influence on the tsar and the elites, which is expressed in the social
realization. The mentioned influences diminished during the domination of
the occidentalism model, at the time of rule of Peter the First and after the
268
Russia
-
imperia!
state?
communist revolution. After the fall of Soviet Union, the importance of the
Orthodox Church rose again. The policy of Vladimir Putin encourages the
creation of symbiosis of the spiritual, ideological and political values
presented by the church and the state.
The cultural foundation allowed the manifestation of the Russian
idea that constitutes the origin of the Russian identity and is synonymous
with the values the state should be constructed upon and which should
integrate the society. The Russian idea is an important indicator of the social
and political action. It illustrates the
multi-
dimensional aspects of the Russian
spirituality in the form of
actualisation
of so called Russian Ninth that consist
of the following rules: the common wealth, conciliarity, humanism, religious
philosophy, freedom, anthropism, humanity of god, prophetic spirituality,
the integral experience. The multidimensionality allows the thinking that the
Russian
anthropologie type
is capable of the universal synthesis. The Russian
idea based of the Slavic ethno-cultural core is a manifestation of the eastern
Christian civilisation. The religious character of the Russian thinking shows
the unity of morality and life, the freedom of the individual and the common
order, situating the sense of the human life in the centre. The Russian idea
illustrates the constant spiritual tension in search of the different reality ,
it is not directed at the other being
(Platonism)
but it searches the possibility
of transgression of the being in the empiric world (Aristotelianism). This is
meant to be possible by creating the
utopia.
This way Russia has all the
conditions and possibilities of creating the idea that allows the creation of the
world civilisation based on the thesis of humanism. The boundaries of the
spiritual peregrinations of the Russian idea show at the same time the
Possibility of creating the so-called bad synthesis . It is about the
incorporation of the contents of the values of other civilizations in a way that
bads to the self-denial. There are various examples in Russian history
-
the
nile
of Peter the First and the times of Soviet Union
-
that show that.
The universality of the Russian idea will be marked by the undertaken
method of solving the global social problems of the twenty first century and
the constitution of the proper political and economical system.
269
Russia
-
imperial state?
The mentioned phenomena become the ground for the analysis of
the axiological dilemmas of Vladimir Putin s policy. As a president in years
2000-2008
he tried to synthesize different ideas, including the values of the
western democracy and the free market. He was trying to avoid the negative
consequences of introducing those ideas, which appeared clearly during the
rule of president )elcyn and which characterized the state of the Russian state
at the end of the twentieth century. The Russian crisis took at that time the
form of economic one (the oligarchs rule, the deep stratification of society,
low state budget, the fall of the industries), political one (disintegration of
state, the loss of importance on the global scene) and ideological one
(axiological chaos). In order to synthesize Putin directs attention towards the
autonomous standards of the Russian civilization.
In order to understand those standards, the position of the tsar in the
Russian tradition and the role of Byzantium influences as well as the period of
the Tatar enslavement in the development of the internal and external
political relations must be understood and noticed. This allows the realization
that the period of Putin rules is linked to the actualization of the traditional
relations between the ruling and the ruled. The ruling is the strong leader,
who is responsible for the nation and that is why he is trusted. That is why the
notion of democracy has become the tool to legitimize the authority. In the
literature we can find the notions of
façade
democracy , the controlled
democracy and the decorative democracy and others. In the economic
structure the rules of the national capitalism have been introduced. The
political factor supports the functioning of the economic institutions within
the country and in the international structure as well.
The period of Vladimir Putin s rule is based on the claim that Russia
is entitled to the sovereign growth based on its own tradition and the cultural
values and that is why the political and economic actions are justified by the
idea of the sovereign democracy. The Orthodox Church plays a crucial role in
legitimization of the actions of the authorities and the state strengthening
allows the selective use of the chances generated by the globalisation process.
Vladimir Putin s policy as the president of the Russian Federation in
the years
2000-2008
allowed the restoration of the power and the importance
270
Russia
-
imperial state?
of the state in the internal and external sphere. Russia has not become an
empire and has not expressed such aspirations. Within the next three years
since the period that was scrutinised in the monograph, the following
prognosis turned to be true:
•
The contradictions within the globalisation lead to the crisis of the
global capitalism that started in
2008,
•
The end of the era of the single-polar order manifesting in the crisis
of the USA leadership on the global arena has began,
•
Russian importance as the sovereign subject co-creating the multi-
polar order has increased,
•
The Orthodox Church plays an important role in the internal and
external politics,
•
The development of the soft power based on the Russian values
continues to grow,
•
The model of the national capitalism, through the selective use of the
chances generated by the globalisation process, allows the economic
growth
•
The leader of Russia is still Vladimir Putin.
The period of the presidency of Putin s successor
-
Dmitri
Miedwiediew
-
was the time of consistency in creating the civilizational
autonomy regardless of the discussions of the Russian elites.
271
|
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| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV040257785 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:20:09Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788360278659 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025113614 |
| oclc_num | 802363090 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 330 s. 25 cm. |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publishDateSearch | 2011 |
| publishDateSort | 2011 |
| publisher | Wydawnictwo Akademickie Akademii Marynarki Wojennej |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Cimek, Gracjan Verfasser aut Rosja - państwo imperialne? Gracjan Cimek Gdynia Wydawnictwo Akademickie Akademii Marynarki Wojennej 2011 330 s. 25 cm. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. u. russ. Sprache u.d.T.: Russia - imperial state? Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 s Geschichte z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025113614&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025113614&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Cimek, Gracjan Rosja - państwo imperialne? Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4046514-7 (DE-588)4076899-5 |
| title | Rosja - państwo imperialne? |
| title_auth | Rosja - państwo imperialne? |
| title_exact_search | Rosja - państwo imperialne? |
| title_full | Rosja - państwo imperialne? Gracjan Cimek |
| title_fullStr | Rosja - państwo imperialne? Gracjan Cimek |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rosja - państwo imperialne? Gracjan Cimek |
| title_short | Rosja - państwo imperialne? |
| title_sort | rosja panstwo imperialne |
| topic | Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Politik Russland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025113614&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025113614&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT cimekgracjan rosjapanstwoimperialne |