Terahertz imaging for biomedical applications: pattern recognition and tomographic reconstruction
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| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
New York, NY [u.a.]
Springer
2012
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XV, 315 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9781461418207 |
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MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
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| 001 | BV040129396 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20120604 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 120510s2012 ad|| |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 020 | |a 9781461418207 |9 978-1-4614-1820-7 | ||
| 035 | |a (Springer)978-1-4614-1821-4 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)796220308 | ||
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| 100 | 1 | |a Yin, Xiaoxia |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Terahertz imaging for biomedical applications |b pattern recognition and tomographic reconstruction |c Xiaoxia Yin ; Brian W.-H. Ng ; Derek Abbott |
| 264 | 1 | |a New York, NY [u.a.] |b Springer |c 2012 | |
| 300 | |a XV, 315 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Ingenieurwissenschaften | |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Contents
1
Introduction
and Motivation to Terahertz Radiation
.................. 1
1.1
Introduction
........................................................... 1
1.2
Background
........................................................... 2
1.2.1
Terahertz Radiation
......................................... 2
1.2.2
THz Pulsed Imaging and Continuous-Wave Imaging
..... 3
1.3
Morphology Outline
................................................. 4
1.4
Original Contributions
............................................... 5
2
Terahertz Sources and Detectors
......................................... 9
2.1
Introduction
........................................................... 9
2.2
The History of
Т
-Rays...............................................
10
2.3
Laser Sources
......................................................... 13
2.3.1
TirSapphire-Based Lasers
.................................. 13
2.3.2
Free-Electron Lasers
........................................ 14
2.3.3
Terahertz Quantum Cascade Laser
........................ 15
2.4
Terahertz Semiconductor Sources (THz Emitters)
................. 17
2.4.1
Bulk Electrooptic Rectification (Optical Rectification)
... 18
2.4.2
Ultrafast Charge Transport
................................. 19
2.4.3
Terahertz Photomixing
..................................... 21
2.5
Terahertz Optical Sampling Techniques
............................. 22
2.5.1
Coherent Terahertz Radiation Detection
.................. 22
2.5.2
Synchronous and Asynchronous Optical Sampling
....... 24
2.6
Chapter Summary
.................................................... 25
3
Terahertz Imaging Modes
................................................. 27
3.1
Three Fundamental Types of Terahertz Propagation
............... 27
3.1.1
Transmission-Type Terahertz Imaging
.................... 28
3.1.2
Reflection-Type Terahertz Imaging
........................ 28
3.2
Terahertz Imaging Within Diffraction Limit
........................ 31
3.2.1
Terahertz Time-of-Flight Imaging
......................... 31
3.2.2
Tomography with Pulsed Terahertz Radiation
............ 32
3.2.3
Terahertz Continuous-Wave Imaging
...................... 37
x
Contents
3.3
Terahertz Imaging Below the Diffraction Limit
.................... 40
3.4
Chapter Summary
.................................................... 44
4
Terahertz Imaging Analysis
............................................... 45
4.
1 THz Spectroscopy for
Biomedical
Signal Identification
........... 45
4.1.1
Time-Resolved Terahertz Spectroscopy
.................. 45
4.1.2
Frequency-Domain Terahertz Spectroscopy
.............. 46
4.1.3
Time-Frequency Domain Features
of Terahertz Signals
........................................ 51
4.2
2D and
3D
Terahertz
Biomedical
Imaging
.......................... 52
4.2.1
Cancer Cell Detection
...................................... 53
4.2.2
Brain Section Detection
.................................... 55
4.2.3
Tablet Coating Detection
................................... 55
4.3
Pattern Recognition of
Biomedical
Samples
........................ 56
4.3.1
Extracted Parameters for Terahertz Pattern
Recognition
................................................. 58
4.3.2
Multispectral Classification for Terahertz
Pulsed Imaging
............................................. 58
4.3.3
Classification of THz Spectra in the Wavelet Domain
__ 61
4.3.4
Support Vector Machines for Classification
of the Terahertz Relevant Frequencies
..................... 63
4.4
Chapter Summary
.................................................... 63
5
Pattern Formation and Recognition Using
Т
-Rays.....................
65
5.1
Significance of a Terahertz Pattern Recognition System
........... 65
5.2
Mode of Example THz Pattern Recognition System
............... 66
5.3
Example THz Pattern Recognition System
......................... 68
5.3.1
Data Acquisition Using
Т
-Rays............................
68
5.3.2
Preprocessing
............................................... 69
5.3.3
Representation of Patterns for Machine Recognition
..... 70
5.4
Chapter Summary
.................................................... 70
6
Wavelet Transforms
........................................................ 73
6.1
Wavelet and Multiresolution Processing
............................ 73
6.2
Wavelet Transforms in One Dimension
............................. 78
6.2.1
Wavelet Series Expansions and Discrete
Wavelet Transforms
........................................ 78
6.2.2
The Fast Wavelet Transforms
.............................. 79
6.2.3
Perfect Reconstruction of Two-Channel Filter Bank
..... 82
6.3
Two-Dimensional Discrete Wavelet Transforms
.................... 83
6.4
Discrete Wavelet Packet Transforms
................................ 85
6.5
Wavelet Denoising for THz-TDS Pulses via the
Heuristic SURE Threshold
........................................... 91
6.6
Chapter Summary
.................................................... 94
Contents xi
7 Feature
Extraction
and Selection
......................................... 95
7.1
Role of Feature Selection and Extraction
........................... 95
7.2
Feature Extraction Methods
......................................... 96
7.3
Fourier Transform for Signal Analysis
.............................. 97
7.4 AR
and
ARMA
Parameterization of Wavelet Coefficients
......... 98
7.4.1 AR
Model Parameter Estimation
.......................... 98
7.4.2
ARMA
Model Parameter Estimation
...................... 99
7.4.3
Feature Extraction via
AR
Models over
Wavelet Decomposition
.................................... 100
7.5
System Identification for Feature Extraction
........................ 102
7.5.1
A Subspace System Identification Algorithm
............. 103
7.5.2
Wavelet-Packet Identification of a System
................ 109
7.5.3
System Identification via Optimized Mertz
Apodization Functions
..................................... 115
7.6
Chapter Summary
.................................................... 117
8
Pattern Classification
....................................................... 119
8.1
Mahalanobis Distance
................................................ 119
8.1.1
Definition of Mahalanobis Distance
....................... 119
8.1.2
The Mahalanobis Classifier via Extracted Features
....... 121
8.2
The Euclidean Discrimination Metric
............................... 121
8.3
Overview of SVMs
................................................... 122
8.3.1
Binary Classification of SVMs
............................. 123
8.3.2
Pairwise SVM Classification
...............................
1
25
8.4
Classifier Design
..................................................... 127
8.4.1
Learning and Adaption
..................................... 127
8.4.2
Evaluation
...................................................
1
27
8.4.3
Overrating
...................................................
1
29
8.5
Chapter Summary
.................................................... 130
9
THz Pattern Recognition Experiments
................................... 133
9.1
THz Spectroscopy and Imaging
..................................... 133
9.2
Enhanced
Т
-Ray Signal Classification Using Wavelet
Preprocessing
......................................................... 134
9.2.
1 Feature Extraction
.......................................... 134
9.2.2
Classification
................................................ 135
9.2.3
Leave-One-Out Error Estimator
........................... 135
9.2.4
Results
...................................................... 137
9.2.5
Conclusions
................................................. 140
9.3
Classification Using Subspace and Wavelet Packet Algorithms
... 141
9.3.1
Evaluation of Complex Insertion Loss,
Subspace, and Wavelet Packet Identification
.............. 141
9.3.2
Signal Processing Assuming Noisy
Background and Sample Response
........................ 143
9.3.3
Evaluation via the Discrimination Metric
................. 146
9.3.4
Conclusion
.................................................. 148
xii Contents
9.4 Application
of
AR Models
of Wavelet Subbands
for Classification
..................................................... 149
9.4.1
Terahertz
Pulse
Measurements
............................. 150
9.4.2
Motivation
.................................................. 151
9.4.3
Resultant THz Experiments
................................ 152
9.4.4
Conclusion and Outlook
.................................... 159
9.5
Support Vector Machine Applications in Terahertz
Pulsed Signal Feature Sets
........................................... 159
9.5.1
Terahertz Data Representation
............................. 160
9.5.2
Terahertz Feature Extraction
............................... 164
9.5.3
Performance Assessment of Classification
................ 165
9.5.4
The Fourier Spectrum Analysis
............................ 166
9.5.5
Resultant Classification Performance
...................... 170
9.5.6
Conclusion
.................................................. 176
9.6
Chapter Summary
.................................................... 176
10
Terahertz Computed Tomography
....................................... 179
10.1
Brief Review of THz Imaging Application
......................... 179
10.2
Methodology of Computed Tomography
........................... 180
10.3
Brief Introduction to Terahertz Imaging for CT
....................
1
82
10.3.1
Characteristics of Diffraction Grating Pair
................ 183
10.4
Calculation of Terahertz Parameters for Reconstruction
ofTHzCT
............................................................ 186
10.4.1
Frequency-Domain Sinogram for Terahertz CT
.......... 186
10.4.2
Time-Domain Sinogram for Terahertz CT
................ 187
10.5
Chapter Summary
.................................................... 188
11
2D Wavelet Segmentation in
3D
T-RayCT
.............................. 191
11.1
An Introduction for THz Segmentation Experiments
.............. 191
11.2
Representation of a Target Sample
.................................. 192
11.3
Wavelet-Based Segmentation by Fusion
........................... 193
11.3.1
Image Fusion of
Т
-Ray CT Images for a
3D
Target
...... 194
11.3.2
Discrete Wavelet Transforms in Two Dimensions
........ 195
11.3.3
2D Wavelet Scale Correlation-Based Segmentation
...... 196
11.4
Experimental Result
.................................................. 197
11.4.1
Extracted Object Segments
................................. 197
11.4.2
Segmentation Quality
...................................... 197
11.5
Chapter Summary
.................................................... 199
12
Wavelet-Based Terahertz Coherent
Locai
Tomography
............... 201
12.1
Motivation
............................................................ 201
12.2
Two-Dimensional Wavelet-Based CT Reconstruction
............. 203
12.3
Local Reconstruction Using Wavelets
............................... 204
12.3.1
ErrorAnalysis
.............................................. 206
12.4
Implementation
....................................................... 207
12.4.1
Experiments
................................................. 207
12.4.2
Algorithm Summary
........................................ 213
Contents xiii
1
2.5
Reconstruction
Results
............................................... 214
12.5.1
Case Study
tf
1 :
Polystyrene Target
........................ 214
12.5.2
Case Study tt
2:
Plastic Vial Target
........................ 217
12.6
Open Questions
....................................................... 220
12.7
Chapter Summary
.................................................... 220
13
Local CT Using a THz QCL
............................................... 221
13.1
Introduction
........................................................... 221
13.2
AT-RayQCL
......................................................... 223
13.3
Implementation
....................................................... 225
13.3.1
Experimental Considerations
.............................. 225
13.3.2
Error Analysis
.............................................. 225
13.4
Reconstruction Results
............................................... 231
13.4.1
Slice
1....................................................... 231
13.4.2
Slice
2....................................................... 235
13.4.3
Slice
3....................................................... 235
13.4.4
Slice
4....................................................... 236
13.4.5
Segment Evaluation
........................................ 240
13.5
Chapter Summary
.................................................... 244
14
Conclusions and Outlook
.................................................. 245
14.1
Concluding Rewards
................................................. 245
14.2
Outlook
............................................................... 245
14.2.1
Curvelet Transforms
........................................ 246
14.2.2 Tomographie
Reconstruction
.............................. 246
14.3
Summary
.............................................................. 248
14.4
InClosing
............................................................. 249
Appendixes
........................................................................ 251
A Oblique Projection Operation
............................................. 25
1
A.I Methodology
......................................................... 251
В
Back-Projection Algorithms
............................................... 253
B.I Theory
................................................................ 253
С
Error Analysis Regarding Wavelet-Based Local Reconstruction
..... 255
C.I Methodology
......................................................... 255
D
Terhertz Imaging Systems
................................................. 259
D.I UltrafastT-Ray Pulsed Imaging
..................................... 259
D.I.I UltrafastLaser
.............................................. 259
D.
1.2
Crossed-Polariser Detection
................................ 259
D.
1.3
Hardware Specifications
.................................... 26
1
D.
1.4
Software Implementation
.................................. 261
D.2 Continuous-Wave
Т
-Ray Imaging via THz QCL
................... 267
D.2.1 THz QCL Imaging
.......................................... 267
D.2.2 Hardware Specifications
.................................... 267
xiv Contents
D.2.3 LabVIEW™ Programming
Implement
for Data Acquisition
........................................ 271
E Matlab
Code................................................................. 275
E.
1
Implemented
Matlab
Toolboxes
..................................... 275
E.2
Code Listings
......................................................... 275
References
......................................................................... 279
Abbreviations
..................................................................... 297
About the Authors
............................................................... 301
Scientific Genealogy
.............................................................. 304
Index
............................................................................... 305
|
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| id | DE-604.BV040129396 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:17:33Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781461418207 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024986596 |
| oclc_num | 796220308 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-29T |
| owner_facet | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-29T |
| physical | XV, 315 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publishDateSearch | 2012 |
| publishDateSort | 2012 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Yin, Xiaoxia Verfasser aut Terahertz imaging for biomedical applications pattern recognition and tomographic reconstruction Xiaoxia Yin ; Brian W.-H. Ng ; Derek Abbott New York, NY [u.a.] Springer 2012 XV, 315 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Ingenieurwissenschaften Engineering Optical pattern recognition Biomedical engineering Biomedizinische Technik (DE-588)4006882-1 gnd rswk-swf FIR-Spektroskopie (DE-588)4234636-8 gnd rswk-swf FIR-Spektroskopie (DE-588)4234636-8 s Biomedizinische Technik (DE-588)4006882-1 s DE-604 Ng, Brian W.-H. Verfasser aut Abbott, Derek 1960- Verfasser (DE-588)137153422 aut Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-4614-1821-4 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024986596&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Yin, Xiaoxia Ng, Brian W.-H Abbott, Derek 1960- Terahertz imaging for biomedical applications pattern recognition and tomographic reconstruction Ingenieurwissenschaften Engineering Optical pattern recognition Biomedical engineering Biomedizinische Technik (DE-588)4006882-1 gnd FIR-Spektroskopie (DE-588)4234636-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4006882-1 (DE-588)4234636-8 |
| title | Terahertz imaging for biomedical applications pattern recognition and tomographic reconstruction |
| title_auth | Terahertz imaging for biomedical applications pattern recognition and tomographic reconstruction |
| title_exact_search | Terahertz imaging for biomedical applications pattern recognition and tomographic reconstruction |
| title_full | Terahertz imaging for biomedical applications pattern recognition and tomographic reconstruction Xiaoxia Yin ; Brian W.-H. Ng ; Derek Abbott |
| title_fullStr | Terahertz imaging for biomedical applications pattern recognition and tomographic reconstruction Xiaoxia Yin ; Brian W.-H. Ng ; Derek Abbott |
| title_full_unstemmed | Terahertz imaging for biomedical applications pattern recognition and tomographic reconstruction Xiaoxia Yin ; Brian W.-H. Ng ; Derek Abbott |
| title_short | Terahertz imaging for biomedical applications |
| title_sort | terahertz imaging for biomedical applications pattern recognition and tomographic reconstruction |
| title_sub | pattern recognition and tomographic reconstruction |
| topic | Ingenieurwissenschaften Engineering Optical pattern recognition Biomedical engineering Biomedizinische Technik (DE-588)4006882-1 gnd FIR-Spektroskopie (DE-588)4234636-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Ingenieurwissenschaften Engineering Optical pattern recognition Biomedical engineering Biomedizinische Technik FIR-Spektroskopie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024986596&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yinxiaoxia terahertzimagingforbiomedicalapplicationspatternrecognitionandtomographicreconstruction AT ngbrianwh terahertzimagingforbiomedicalapplicationspatternrecognitionandtomographicreconstruction AT abbottderek terahertzimagingforbiomedicalapplicationspatternrecognitionandtomographicreconstruction |