The languages of the Amazon:
Saved in:
| Format: | Book |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Oxford
Oxford Univ Press
2012
|
| Edition: | 1. publ. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Physical Description: | XXXIII, 514 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780199593569 0199593566 9780198723011 |
Staff View
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The languages of the Amazon |c Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford |b Oxford Univ Press |c 2012 | |
| 300 | |a XXXIII, 514 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
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Record in the Search Index
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Contents
A plea
xi
Preface and acknowledgements
xii
Preamble: conventions, and the organization of this book
xvi
Tables, diagrams, figures, and box insets
xxiv
List of maps
xxvii
Abbreviations
xxix
ι.
Languages of the Amazon: a bird's-eye view
г
1.1 The limits of Amazonia
2
1.2
Populating Amazonia
3
1.2.1
The dates
3
1.2.2
How many indigenous Amazonians are there?
5
1.3
How the people used to live: environment, subsistence,
and social structures
10
1.3.1
Environment and subsistence
10
1.3.2
Social structures
13
1.3.3
The advent of the European Invader
16
1.4
Amazonian languages: classification and names
17
1.4.1
Why can languages be similar?
17
1.4.2
Language families in Amazonia
19
1.4.3
How many languages are there?
20
1.4.4
Names of languages, and names of families
21
1.4.5
Languages of the 'Circum-Amazonian' domain
23
1.5
Linguistic picture of Amazonia since the European conquest
26
1.5.1
One group, many ancestors
27
1.5.2
'New' languages, new identities
28
1.6
Profiles of Amazonian families and some isolates
32
1.6.1
Arawak languages
32
1.6.2
Tupí
languages
36
1.6.3
Carib languages
41
1.6.4
Panoan languages
43
1.6.5
Tucanoan languages
45
1.6.6
Macro-Jê
languages
47
1.6.7
Smaller families, and isolates
50
VI
CONTENTS
1.7
The Amazonian heritage: what lies ahead
59
Sources for Chapter
1 61
Appendix. Amazonian words
63
2.
Language contact in Amazonia
68
2.1
Linguistic areas and language regions
68
2.1.1
What is a linguistic area?
68
2.1.2
Amazonia as a language region
70
2.1.3
A summary: linguistic areas and language regions
71
2.2
Amazonia and the Andes: language regions in contrast
72
2.3
Linguistic areas in Amazonia
73
2.3.1
The
Vaupés
River Basin as a linguistic area
75
2.3.2
Further candidates for linguistic areas
83
2.3.3
The
Xingu
Indigenous Park: a contact zone
86
2.4
Further contact situations
91
2.5
Contact with national languages and lingua
francas
95
Further sources and readings on
areal
linguistics and language
contact, with special reference to Amazonia
97
Additional readings on the
Vaupés
River Basin linguistic area
97
3.
The sounds of Amazonia
99
3.1
What Amazonian consonant systems are like
99
3.2
How Amazonian consonants are unusual
105
3.2.1
Unusual 'gaps'
105
3.2.2
Rare sounds
108
3.3
Amazonian vowels
109
3.4
Syllable structure
112
3.5
Prosodie
features and phonological processes
113
3.5.1
Nasalization and glottalization
113
3.5.2
Vowel harmony
116
3.6
Stress, pitch, and tone
117
3.6.1
Stress and pitch in Amazonian languages
117
3.6.2
Tones in Amazonia
119
3.7
The structure of 'word'
125
Appendix. How Amazonian languages compare with their
neighbours
127
4.
Building words
128
4.1
The typological profile of Amazonian languages
128
4.2
The make-up of words
131
4.2.1
Prefixes and suffixes
131
4.2.2
Body-part prefixes: a Panoan feature
134
CONTENTS
VU
4.3
Changing places: the order of suffixes
135
4.4
Nouns, verbs, and adjectives: drawing the line
136
4.5
A handful of persons
141
4.5.1
'Me' and 'you'
142
4.5.2
Further persons: impersonal and indefinite
144
4.5.3
'Third person' in its many guises
146
4.5.4
You, me, or neither?
148
4.6
Marking number
152
5.
The multifaceted noun
156
5.1
Noun categories and noun structure
156
5.2
A former house and a wife-to-be
158
5.3
Possession and ownership
163
5.3.1
How to express possession
163
5.3.2
Classifying the possessed noun
165
5.3.3
How to choose a possessive suffix
167
5.3.4
Further intricacies of possession marking
168
5.3.5
The 'unpossessibles'
169
5.3.6
Removing the possessor
170
5.3.7
Possession classes and their meanings
172
5.3.8
To be and to have
175
6.
The versatile verb
179
6.1
What goes into a verb
179
6.1.1
Tense and aspect
180
6.1.2
Modal meanings and their expression
182
6.1.3
Frustratives
183
6.1.4
On further verbal categories
185
6.2
Amazonian commands
186
6.3
The reality status
190
6.4
Incorporation and its effects
192
6.4.1
Incorporating nouns
193
6.4.2
Incorporating adverbs and postpositions
197
6.4.3
The typology of incorporation: an Amazonian perspective
198
7.
Who does what to whom: grammatical relations
200
7.1
Grammatical relations: some basic notions
200
7.2
Nominative-accusative languages
204
7.3
Canonical ergative systems
207
7.4
Split ergative systems and their basis in Amazonia
209
7.4.1
The meaning of a noun phrase
210
7.4.2
The meaning of a verb
212
Vlil
CONTENTS
7.4.3
Tense and aspect
214
7.4.4
Multiple conditioning
216
7.5
Ergativity, and discourse: the Paumari puzzle
219
7.6
The Carib conundrum
222
7.7
Grammatical relations and language contact:
areal
or genetic?
225
8.
Changing valency
226
8.1
Removing a participant: valency-reducing devices
226
8.1.1
Passives in Amazonia
226
8.1.2
Beyond passive: intransitivizing derivations
229
8.1.3 Antipassives in
Amazonia
232
8.1.4
To conclude
234
8.2
Increasing valency
236
8.2.1
Causatives
236
8.2.2
Causatives which do not 'cause'
241
8.2.3
Amazonian
applicatives
243
8.2.4
Concluding remarks
246
9.
How to know things: evidentials in Amazonia
248
9.1
Evidentials worldwide: a backdrop
249
9.2
Evidentials in Amazonia and its surrounds
250
9.2.1
Two choices
250
9.2.2
Three choices
252
9.2.3
Four choices
255
9.2.4
Five or more choices
256
9.3
Adding up the evidence
259
9.4
Beyond simple evidence: evidentials and their meanings
262
9.5
Choosing and using an evidential
267
9.5.1
On getting it 'right'
267
9.5.2
How to tell a lie using an evidential
271
9.6
Talk as your neighbour does
272
9.7
Evidentials on the way out
274
9.8
What are evidentials good for?
276
10.
Reflecting the world around us: genders, noun classes,
and classifiers
279
10.1
Noun categorization devices: an Amazonian angle
279
10.2
Genders and noun classes
280
10.2.1
Pronominal genders
281
10.2.2
Agreement genders
282
10.2.3
How to choose a gender
283
10.3
Numeral classifiers
286
CONTENTS
IX
10.4
Noun classifiers
288
10.5
Classifiers in possessive constructions
290
10.6
Verbal classifiers
292
10.7
Further classifier types
294
10.8
Classifiers in many contexts
295
10.9
What are classifiers good for?
298
10.10
Noun categorization and language contact: genetic
or
areal?
300
11.
'We can't say it with one word': multiverb constructions
304
11.1
The gamut of multiverb constructions
304
11.2
Serial verb constructions
305
11.2.1
Recognizing a serial verb construction
305
11.2.2
Classifying serial verb constructions
306
11.2.3
What a language with serial verb constructions is like
312
11.3
Multiverb constructions with dependent verb forms
314
11.4
Auxiliary verbs, and support verb constructions
316
11.5
Multiverb constructions, and their development
321
12.
Putting a sentence together
326
12.1
Types of clauses
326
12.2
Combining clauses
332
12.2.1
Multipurpose nominalizations
332
12.2.2
Clitics and suffixes as markers of subordinate clauses
334
12.2.3
Particles, adverbs, and postpositions as clause connectors
335
12.2.4
Linking clauses through other means
336
12.3
Switch-reference
338
12.3.1
Switch-reference and clause-chaining
339
12.3.2
Switch-reference and connectives
343
12.3.3
Beyond subjects: switch-reference in Panoan languages
344
12.4
Pivots in clause-combining
346
12.5
Reporting the speech of others
348
13.
The art of speech
350
13.1
How to count in an Amazonian language
350
13.1.1
Small sets of underived numbers, descriptive expressions
for higher numbers
351
13.1.2
Non-numerical meanings of number words, and their
value
353
13.1.3
Did Amazonian societies have a counting routine?
355
13.1.4
Linguistic status of number words
359
13.1.5
To conclude: the nature of Amazonian 'counting'
360
CONTENTS
13.2
The lexical wealth
360
13.3
The language of deception: avoidance styles, and taboos
361
13.3.1
Avoiding a relative
362
13.3.2
Avoiding a name
363
13.3.3
Forbidden words
364
13.4
The power of words: special styles in different genres
365
13.5
Greetings and farewells
369
13.6
Special languages
374
13.6.1
When men and women speak differently
374
13.6.2
Mixed languages, and further forms of communication
375
13.7
Embracing the modern world: new realities, and new ways
of speaking
378
14.
Finale: the treasures of Amazonian languages
382
Glossary of terms
392
Notes
408
References
443
Index of authors
491
Index of languages, language families, linguistic area, and peoples
497
Index of subjects
511
This is the first guide and introduction to
the languages of Amazonia. These indude
some of the most fascinating languages
in the world, many of them on the verge of
extinction. Alexandra Aikhenvald, one of
the world's leading experts on the region,
provides an account of the more than
300
languages. She sets out their main
characteristics, compares their common
and unique features, and describes the
histories and cultures of the people who
speak them.
The languages abound in rare features.
Most have been in contact with each
other for many generations, giving rise to
complex patterns of linguistic influence.
The author draws on her own extensive
field research to tease out and analyse the
patterns of their genetic and structural
diversity She shows how these patterns
reveai the interrefatedness of language
and culture: different kinship systems, for
example, have different
linguiste
correlates.
Professor Aikhenvald explains the many
unusual features of Amazonian languages,
when include evKJentials. tones, classifiers,
and elaborate positional verbs. She ends
the book with a glossary of terms, and a
futt guide for those readers interested in
folowng up a particular language, or a
ingustic phenomenon.
The book is free of esoteric
terrrinoèogy,
wrttennitsauthoťscharacterisbcaly
dear stvte.
ard
brought vMOty to ife with
nts of her experience in
№e region, ft may be used as a resource
in courses in Latin American studes,
Amazonian stucSes, linguistic
typology,
and
generai
Ungusbes, and as reference for
linguistic and anthropological research. |
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| id | DE-604.BV040101715 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-02-27T09:01:40Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780199593569 0199593566 9780198723011 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XXXIII, 514 S. graph. Darst. |
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| publisher | Oxford Univ Press |
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| spelling | The languages of the Amazon Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald 1. publ. Oxford Oxford Univ Press 2012 XXXIII, 514 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Indianersprachen (DE-588)4127160-9 gnd rswk-swf Amazonas-Gebiet (DE-588)4338087-6 gnd rswk-swf Amazonas-Gebiet (DE-588)4338087-6 g Indianersprachen (DE-588)4127160-9 s DE-604 Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. 1957- Sonstige (DE-588)103328599 oth Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-19-173938-5 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024958243&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024958243&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | The languages of the Amazon Indianersprachen (DE-588)4127160-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4127160-9 (DE-588)4338087-6 |
| title | The languages of the Amazon |
| title_auth | The languages of the Amazon |
| title_exact_search | The languages of the Amazon |
| title_full | The languages of the Amazon Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald |
| title_fullStr | The languages of the Amazon Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald |
| title_full_unstemmed | The languages of the Amazon Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald |
| title_short | The languages of the Amazon |
| title_sort | the languages of the amazon |
| topic | Indianersprachen (DE-588)4127160-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Indianersprachen Amazonas-Gebiet |
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