Galaxy formation and evolution:
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| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
2011
|
| Edition: | 1. publ., 3. printing with corr. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Item Description: | Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke |
| Physical Description: | XIX, 820 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780521857932 |
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MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Mo, Houjun |d 1963- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)141749997 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Galaxy formation and evolution |c Houjun Mo ; Frank van den Bosch ; Simon White |
| 250 | |a 1. publ., 3. printing with corr. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Cambridge [u.a.] |b Cambridge Univ. Press |c 2011 | |
| 300 | |a XIX, 820 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Galaxies / Formation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Galaxies / Evolution | |
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| 689 | 1 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Van den Bosch, Frank |d 1969- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)14174801X |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a White, Simon |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024885951&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024885951&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Klappentext |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024885951 | ||
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| _version_ | 1804149025000128512 |
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| adam_text | Contents
Preface page
xvii
1
Introduction
1
1.1
The Diversity of the Galaxy Population
2
1.2
Basic Elements of Galaxy Formation
5
1.2.1
The Standard Model of Cosmology
6
1.2.2
Initial Conditions
6
1
.2.3
Gravitational Instability and Structure Formation
7
1.2.4
Gas Cooling
8
1.2.5
Star Formation
8
1.2.6
Feedback Processes
9
1.2.7
Mergers
10
1.2.8
Dynamical Evolution
12
1.2.9
Chemical Evolution
12
1.2.10
Stellar Population Synthesis
13
1.2.11
The Intergalactic Medium
13
1.3
Time Scales
14
1.4
A Brief History of Galaxy Formation
15
1.4.1
Galaxies as Extragalactic Objects
15
1.4.2
Cosmology
16
1.4.3
Structure Formation
18
1.4.4
The Emergence of the Cold Dark Matter Paradigm
20
1.4.5
Galaxy Formation
22
2
Observational Facts
25
2.1
Astronomical Observations
25
2.1.1
Fluxes and Magnitudes
26
2.1.2
Spectroscopy
29
2.1.3
Distance Measurements
32
2.2
Stars
34
2.3
Galaxies
37
2.3.1
The Classification of Galaxies
38
2.3.2
Elliptical Galaxies
41
2.3.3
Disk Galaxies
49
vi
Contents
23
A
The Milky Way
55
2.3.5
Dwarf Galaxies
57
2.3.6
Nuclear Star Clusters
59
2.3.7
Starbursts
60
2.3.8
Active Galactic Nuclei
60
2.4
Statistical Properties of the Galaxy Population
61
2.4.1
Luminosity Function
62
2.4.2
Size Distribution
63
2.4.3
Color Distribution
64
2.4.4
The Mass-Metallicity Relation
65
2.4.5
Environment Dependence
65
2.5
Clusters and Groups of Galaxies
67
2.5.1
Clusters of Galaxies
67
2.5.2
Groups of Galaxies
71
2.6
Galaxies at High Redshifts
72
2.6.1
Galaxy Counts
73
2.6.2
Photometric Redshifts
75
2.6.3
Galaxy Redshift Surveys at
z
~
1 75
2.6.4
Lyman-Break Galaxies
77
2.6.5
Lya
Emitters
78
2.6.6
Submillimeter Sources
78
2.6.7
Extremely Red Objects and Distant Red Galaxies
79
2.6.8
The Cosmic Star-Formation History
80
2.7
Large-Scale Structure
81
2.7.1
Two-Point Correlation Functions
82
2.7.2
Probing the Matter Field via Weak Lensing
84
2.8
The Intergalactic Medium
85
2.8.1
The Gunn-Peterson Test
85
2.8.2
Quasar Absorption Line Systems
86
2.9
The Cosmic Microwave Background
89
2.10
The Homogeneous and
Isotropie
Universe
92
2.10.1
The Determination of Cosmological Parameters
94
2.10.2
The Mass and Energy Content of the Universe
95
3
Cosmological Background
100
3.1
The Cosmological Principle and the Robertson-Walker Metric
102
3.1.1
The Cosmological Principle and its Consequences
102
3.1.2
Robertson-Walker Metric
104
3.1.3
Redshift
106
3.1.4
Peculiar Velocities
107
3.1.5
Thermodynamics and the Equation of State
108
3.1.6
Angular-Diameter and Luminosity Distances
110
3.2
Relativi
stic Cosmology
112
3.2.1 Friedmann
Equation
113
3.2.2
The Densities at the Present Time
114
Contents
vii
3.2.3
Explicit Solutions
of the
Friedmann
Equation
115
3.2.4
Horizons
119
3.2.5
The Age of the Universe
1
1
9
3.2.6
Cosmological Distances and Volumes
121
3.3
The Production and Survival of Particles
124
3.3.1
The Chronology of the Hot Big Bang
125
3.3.2
Particles in Thermal Equilibrium
127
3.3.3
Entropy
129
3.3.4
Distribution Functions of Decoupled Particle Species
132
3.3.5
The Freeze-Out of Stable Particles
133
3.3.6
Decaying Particles
137
3.4
Primordial Nucleosynthesis
139
3.4.1
Initial Conditions
139
3.4.2
Nuclear Reactions
140
3.4.3
Model Predictions
142
3.4.4
Observational Results
144
3.5
Recombination and Decoupling
146
3.5.1
Recombination
146
3.5.2
Decoupling and the Origin of the CMB
148
3.5.3
Compton Scattering
150
3.5.4
Energy Thermalization
151
3.6
Inflation
152
3.6.1
The Problems of the Standard Model
152
3.6.2
The Concept of Inflation
154
3.6.3
Realization of Inflation
156
3.6.4
Models of Inflation
158
4
Cosmological Perturbations
162
4.1
Newtonian Theory of Small Perturbations
162
4.1.1
Ideal Fluid
162
4.1.2
Isentropic and Isocurvature Initial Conditions
166
4.1.3
Gravitational Instability
166
4.1.4
Collisionless Gas
168
4.1.5
Free-Streaming Damping
171
4.1.6
Specific Solutions
172
4.1.7
Higher-Order Perturbation Theory
176
4.1.8
The Zel dovich Approximation
177
4.2
Relativistic Theory of Small Perturbations
178
4.2.1
Gauge Freedom
179
4.2.2
Classification of Perturbations
181
4.2.3
Specific Examples of Gauge Choices
183
4.2.4
Basic Equations
185
4.2.5
Coupling between
Baryons
and Radiation
189
4.2.6
Perturbation Evolution
191
4.3
Linear Transfer Functions
196
4.3.1
Adiabatic
Baryon
Models
198
viii Contents
4.3.2
Adiabatic
Cold Dark Matter Models
200
4.3.3
Adiabatic Hot Dark Matter Models
201
4.3.4
Isocurvature Cold Dark Matter Models
202
4.4
Statistical Properties
202
4.4.1
General Discussion
202
4.4.2
Gaussian Random Fields
204
4.4.3
Simple Non-Gaussian Models
205
4.4.4
Linear Perturbation Spectrum
206
4.5
The Origin of Cosmological Perturbations
209
4.5.1
Perturbations from Inflation
209
4.5.2
Perturbations from Topological Defects
213
5
Gravitational Collapse and Collisionless Dynamics
215
5.1
Spherical Collapse Models
215
5.1.1
Spherical Collapse in
а Л
= 0
Universe
215
5.1.2
Spherical Collapse in a Flat Universe with
Λ
> 0 218
5.1.3
Spherical Collapse with Shell Crossing
219
5.2
Similarity Solutions for Spherical Collapse
220
5.2.1
Models with Radial Orbits
220
5.2.2
Models Including Non-Radial Orbits
224
5.3
Collapse of Homogeneous Ellipsoids
226
5.4
Collisionless Dynamics
230
5.4.1
Time Scales for Collisions
230
5.4.2
Basic Dynamics
232
5.4.3
The Jeans Equations
233
5.4.4
The Virial Theorem
234
5.4.5
Orbit Theory
236
5.4.6
The Jeans Theorem
240
5.4.7
Spherical Equilibrium Models
240
5.4.8
Axisymmetric Equilibrium Models
244
5.4.9
Triaxial
Equilibrium Models
247
5.5
Collisionless Relaxation
248
5.5.1
Phase Mixing
249
5.5.2
Chaotic Mixing
250
5.5.3
Violent Relaxation
251
5.5.4
Landau Damping
253
5.5.5
The End State of Relaxation
254
5.6
Gravitational Collapse of the Cosmic Density Field
257
5.6.1
Hierarchical Clustering
257
5.6.2
Results from Numerical Simulations
258
6
Probing the Cosmic Density Field
262
6.1
Large-Scale Mass Distribution
262
6.1.1
Correlation Functions
262
6.1.2
Particle Sampling and Bias
264
6.1.3
Mass Moments
266
Contents ix
6.2
Large-Scale Velocity Field
270
6.2.1
Bulk Motions and Velocity Correlation Functions
270
6.2.2
Mass Density Reconstruction from the Velocity Field
271
6.3
Clustering in Real Space and Redshift Space
273
6.3.1
Redshift Distortions
273
6.3.2
Real-Space Correlation Functions
276
6.4
Clustering Evolution
278
6.4.1
Dynamics of Statistics
278
6.4.2
Self-Similar Gravitational Clustering
280
6.4.3
Development of Non-Gaussian Features
282
6.5
Galaxy Clustering
283
6.5.1
Correlation Analyses
284
6.5.2
Power Spectrum Analysis
288
6.5.3
Angular Correlation Function and Power Spectrum
290
6.6
Gravitational Lensing
292
6.6.1
Basic Equations
292
6.6.2
Lensing by a Point Mass
295
6.6.3
Lensing by an Extended Object
297
6.6.4
Cosmic Shear
300
6.7
Fluctuations in the Cosmic Microwave Background
302
6.7.1
Observational Quantities
302
6.7.2
Theoretical Expectations of Temperature Anisotropy
304
6.7.3
Thomson Scattering and Polarization of the Microwave Background
311
6.7.4
Interaction between CMB Photons and Matter
314
6.7.5
Constraints on Cosmological Parameters
316
7
Formation and Structure of Dark Matter
Halos
319
7.1
Density Peaks
321
7.1.1
Peak Number Density
321
7.1.2
Spatial Modulation of the Peak Number Density
323
7.1.3
Correlation Function
324
7.1.4
Shapes of Density Peaks
325
7.2
Halo Mass Function
326
7.2.1
Press-Schechter Formalism
327
7.2.2
Excursion Set Derivation of the Press-Schechter Formula
328
7.2.3
Spherical versus Ellipsoidal Dynamics
331
7.2.4
Tests of the Press-Schechter Formalism
333
7.2.5
Number Density of Galaxy Clusters
334
7.3
Progenitor Distributions and Merger Trees
336
7.3.1
Progenitors of Dark Matter
Halos
336
7.3.2
Halo Merger Trees
336
7.3.3
Main Progenitor Histories
339
7.3.4
Halo Assembly and Formation Times
340
7.3.5
Halo Merger Rates
342
7.3.6
Halo Survival Times
343
x
Contents
7.4
Spatial
Clustering and Bias
345
7.4.1
Linear Bias and Correlation Function
345
7.4.2
Assembly Bias 348
7.4.3
Nonlinear and Stochastic Bias
348
7.5
Internal Structure of Dark Matter
Halos
351
7.5.1
Halo Density Profiles
351
7.5.2
Halo Shapes
354
7.5.3
Halo Substructure
355
7.5.4
Angular Momentum
358
7.6
The Halo Model of Dark Matter Clustering
362
8
Formation and Evolution of Gaseous
Halos
366
8.1
Basic Fluid Dynamics and Radiative Processes
366
8.1.1
Basic Equations
366
8.1.2
Compton Cooling
367
8.1.3
Radiative Cooling
367
8.1.4
Photoionization Heating
369
8.2
Hydrostatic Equilibrium
371
8.2.1
Gas Density Profile
371
8.2.2
Convective Instability
373
8.2.3
Virial Theorem Applied to a Gaseous Halo
374
8.3
The Formation of Hot Gaseous
Halos
376
8.3.1
Accretion Shocks
376
8.3.2
Self-Similar Collapse of Collisional Gas
379
8.3.3
The Impact of a Collisionless Component
383
8.3.4
More General Models of Spherical Collapse
384
8.4
Radiative Cooling in Gaseous
Halos
385
8.4.1
Radiative Cooling Time Scales for Uniform
Clouds
385
8.4.2
Evolution of the Cooling Radius
387
8.4.3
Self-Similar Cooling Waves
388
8.4.4
Spherical Collapse with Cooling
390
8.5
Thermal and Hydrodynamical Instabilities of Cooling Gas
393
8.5.1
Thermal Instability
393
8.5.2
Hydrodynamical Instabilities
396
8.5.3
Heat Conduction
397
8.6
Evolution of Gaseous
Halos
with Energy Sources
398
8.6.1
Blast Waves
399
8.6.2
Winds and Wind-Driven Bubbles
404
8.6.3
Supernova Feedback and Galaxy Formation
406
8.7
Results from Numerical Simulations
408
8.7.1
Three-Dimensional Collapse without Radiative
Cooling
408
8.7.2
Three-Dimensional Collapse with Radiative
Cooling
409
Contents xi
8.8
Observational
Tests 410
8.8.1
X-ray Clusters and Groups
410
8.8.2
Gaseous
Halos
around Elliptical Galaxies
414
8.8.3
Gaseous
Halos
around Spiral Galaxies
416
9
Star Formation in Galaxies
417
9.1
Giant Molecular Clouds: The Sites of Star Formation
418
9.1.1
Observed Properties
418
9.1.2
Dynamical State
419
9.2
The Formation of Giant Molecular Clouds
42
1
9.2.1
The Formation of Molecular Hydrogen
421
9.2.2
Cloud Formation
422
9.3
What Controls the Star-Formation Efficiency
425
9.3.1
Magnetic Fields
425
9.3.2
Supersonic Turbulence
426
9.3.3
Self-Regulation
428
9.4
The Formation of Individual Stars
429
9.4.1
The Formation of Low-Mass Stars
429
9.4.2
The Formation of Massive Stars
432
9.5
Empirical Star-Formation Laws
433
9.5.1
The Kennicutt-Schmidt Law
434
9.5.2
Local Star-Formation Laws
436
9.5.3
Star-Formation Thresholds
438
9.6
The Initial Mass Function
440
9.6.1
Observational Constraints
441
9.6.2
Theoretical Models
443
9.7
The Formation of Population III Stars
446
10
Stellar Populations and Chemical Evolution
449
10.1
The Basic Concepts of Stellar Evolution
449
10.1.1
Basic Equations of Stellar Structure
450
10.1.2
Stellar Evolution
453
10.1.3
Equation of State, Opacity, and Energy Production
453
10.1.4
Scaling Relations
460
10.1.5
Main-Sequence Lifetimes
462
10.2
Stellar Evolutionary Tracks
463
10.2.1
Pre-Main-Sequence Evolution
463
10.2.2
Post-Main-Sequence Evolution
464
10.2.3
Supernova Progenitors and Rates
468
10.3
Stellar Population Synthesis
470
10.3.1
Stellar Spectra
470
10.3.2
Spectral Synthesis
471
10.3.3
Passive Evolution
472
10.3.4
Spectral Features
474
10.3.5
Age-Metallicity Degeneracy
475
xii Contents
10.3.6
К
and
E
Corrections 475
10.3.7
Emission and Absorption by the Interstellar Medium
476
10.3.8
Star-Formation Diagnostics
482
10.3.9
Estimating Stellar Masses and Star-Formation Histories of Galaxies
484
10.4
Chemical Evolution of Galaxies
486
10.4.1
Stellar Chemical Production
486
10.4.2
The Closed-Box Model
488
10.4.3
Models with Inflow and Outflow
490
10.4.4
Abundance Ratios
491
10.5
Stellar Energetic Feedback
492
10.5.1
Mass-Loaded Kinetic Energy from Stars
492
10.5.2
Gas Dynamics Including Stellar Feedback
493
11
Disk Galaxies
495
11.1
Mass Components and Angular Momentum
495
11.1.1
Disk Models
496
11.1.2
Rotation Curves
498
11.1.3
Adiabatic Contraction
501
11.1.4
Disk Angular Momentum
502
11.1.5
Orbits in Disk Galaxies
503
11.2
The Formation of Disk Galaxies
505
11.2.1
General Discussion
505
11.2.2
Non-Self-Gravitating Disks in Isothermal Spheres
505
11.2.3
Self-Gravitating Disks in
Halos
with Realistic Profiles
507
11.2.4
Including a Bulge Component
509
11.2.5
Disk Assembly
509
11.2.6
Numerical Simulations of Disk Formation
511
11.3
The Origin of Disk Galaxy Scaling Relations
512
11.4
The Origin of Exponential Disks
515
11.4.1
Disks from Relic Angular Momentum Distribution
515
11.4.2
Viscous Disks
517
11.4.3
The Vertical Structure of Disk Galaxies
518
11.5
Disk Instabilities
521
11.5.1
Basic Equations
521
11.5.2
Local Instability
523
11.5.3
Global Instability
525
11.5.4
Secular Evolution
528
11.6
The Formation of Spiral Arms
531
11.7
Stellar Population Properties
534
11.7.1
Global Trends
535
11.7.2
Color Gradients
537
11.8
Chemical Evolution of Disk Galaxies
538
11.8.1
The Solar Neighborhood
538
11.8.2
Global Relations
54O
Contents xiii
12
Galaxy Interactions and Transformations
544
12.1
High-Speed Encounters
545
12.2
Tidal Stripping
548
12.2.1
Tidal Radius
548
12.2.2
Tidal Streams and Tails
549
12.3
Dynamical Friction
553
12.3.1
Orbital Decay
556
12.3.2
The Validity of Chandrasekhar s Formula
559
12.4
Galaxy Merging
561
12.4.1
Criterion for Mergers
561
12.4.2
Merger Demographics
563
12.4.3
The Connection between Mergers, Starbursts and
AGN
564
12.4.4
Minor Mergers and Disk Heating
565
12.5
Transformation of Galaxies in Clusters
568
12.5.1
Galaxy Harassment
569
12.5.2
Galactic Cannibalism
570
12.5.3
Ram-Pressure Stripping
571
12.5.4
Strangulation
572
13
Elliptical Galaxies
574
13.1
Structure and Dynamics
574
13.1.1
Observables
575
13.1.2
Photometric Properties
576
13.1.3
Kinematic Properties
577
13.1.4
Dynamical Modeling
5 79
13.1.5
Evidence for Dark
Halos
581
13.1.6
Evidence for
Supermassive
Black Holes
582
13.1.7
Shapes
584
13.2
The Formation of Elliptical Galaxies
587
13.2.1
The Monolithic Collapse Scenario
588
13.2.2
The Merger Scenario
590
13.2.3
Hierarchical Merging and the Elliptical Population
593
13.3
Observational Tests and Constraints
594
13.3.1
Evolution of the Number Density of Ellipticals
594
13.3.2
The Sizes of Elliptical Galaxies
595
13.3.3
Phase-Space Density Constraints
598
13.3.4
The Specific Frequency of Globular Clusters
599
13.3.5
Merging Signatures
600
13.3.6
Merger Rates
601
13.4
The Fundamental Plane of Elliptical Galaxies
602
13.4.1
The Fundamental Plane in the Merger Scenario
604
13.4.2
Projections and Rotations of the Fundamental Plane
604
13.5
Stellar Population Properties
606
13.5.1
Archaeological Records
606
13.5.2
Evolutionary Probes
609
XÍY
Contents
13.5.3
Color and Metallicity Gradients
610
13.5.4
Implications for the Formation of Elliptical Galaxies
610
13.6
Bulges, Dwarf Ellipticals and Dwarf Spheroidals
613
13.6.1
The Formation of Galactic Bulges
614
13.6.2
The Formation of Dwarf Ellipticals
616
14
Active Galaxies
14.1
The Population of Active Galactic Nuclei
619
14.2
The Supermassive Black Hole Paradigm
623
14.2.1
The Central Engine
623
14.2.2
Accretion Disks
624
14.2.3
Continuum Emission
626
14.2.4
Emission Lines
631
14.2.5
Jets, Superluminal Motion and Beaming
633
14.2.6
Emission-Line Regions and Obscuring Torus
637
14.2.7
The Idea of Unification
638
14.2.8
Observational Tests for Supermassive Black Holes
639
14.3
The Formation and Evolution of
AGN
640
14.3.1
The Growth of Supermassive Black Holes and the Fueling of
AGN
640
14.3.2
AGN
Demographics
644
14.3.3
Outstanding Questions
647
14.4
AGN
and Galaxy Formation
648
14.4.1
Radiative Feedback
649
14.4.2
Mechanical Feedback
650
15
Statistical Properties of the Galaxy Population
652
15.1
Preamble
652
15.2
Galaxy Luminosities and Stellar Masses
654
15.2.1
Galaxy Luminosity Functions
654
15.2.2
Galaxy Counts
658
15.2.3
Extragalactic Background Light
660
15.3
Linking Halo Mass to Galaxy Luminosity
663
15.3.1
Simple Considerations
663
15.3.2
The Luminosity Function of Central Galaxies
665
15.3.3
The Luminosity Function of Satellite Galaxies
666
15.3.4
Satellite Fractions
668
15.3.5
Discussion
669
15.4
Linking Halo Mass to Star-Formation History
670
15.4.1
The Color Distribution of Galaxies
670
15.4.2
Origin of the Cosmic Star-Formation History
673
15.5
Environmental Dependence
674
15.5.1
Effects within Dark Matter
Halos
675
15.5.2
Effects on Large Scales
677
15.6
Spatial Clustering and Galaxy Bias
679
15.6.1
Application to High-Redshift Galaxies
683
Contents xv
15.7
Putting
it All Together
684
15.7.1
Semi-Analytical Models
684
15.7.2
Hydrodynamical Simulations
686
16
The Intergalactic Medium
689
16.1
The Ionization State of the Intergalactic Medium
690
16.1.1
Physical Conditions after Recombination
690
16.1.2
The Mean Optical Depth of the IGM
690
16.1.3
The Gunn-Peterson Test
692
16.1.4
Constraints from the Cosmic Microwave Background
694
16.2
Ionizing Sources
695
16.2.1
Photoionization versus Collisional Ionization
695
16.2.2
Emissivity from Quasars and Young Galaxies
697
16.2.3
Attenuation by Intervening Absorbers
699
16.2.4
Observational Constraints on the UV Background
701
16.3
The Evolution of the Intergalactic Medium
702
16.3.1
Thermal Evolution
702
16.3.2
Ionization Evolution
704
16.3.3
The Epoch of Re-ionization
705
16.3.4
Probing Re-ionization with
21
-cm Emission and Absorption
707
16.4
General Properties of Absorption Lines
709
16.4.1
Distribution Function
709
16.4.2
Thermal Broadening
710
16.4.3
Natural Broadening and
Voigt
Profiles
711
16.4.4
Equivalent Width and Column Density
712
16.4.5
Common QSO Absorption Line Systems
714
16.4.6
Photoionization Models
714
16.5
The Lyman a Forest
714
16.5.1
Redshift Evolution
715
16.5.2
Column Density Distribution
716
16.5.3
Doppler
Parameter
717
16.5.4
Sizes of Absorbers
718
16.5.5
Metallicity
719
16.5.6
Clustering
720
16.5.7
Lyman a Forests at Low Redshift
721
16.5.8
The Helium Lyman a Forest
722
16.6
Models of the Lyman
α
Forest
723
16.6.1
Early Models
723
16.6.2
Lyman a Forest in Hierarchical Models
724
16.6.3
Lyman
α
Forest in Hydrodynamical Simulations
731
16.7
Lyman-Limit Systems
732
16.8
Damped Lyman
α
Systems
733
16.8.1
Column Density Distribution
734
16.8.2
Redshift Evolution
734
16.8.3
Metallicities
736
16.8.4
Kinematics
738
xvi Contents
16.9
Metal
Absorption Line Systems 738
16.9.1 Mgll Systems 739
16.9.2 CIV
and OVI
Systems 740
A
Basics
of
General
Relativity 741
A
1.1
Space-time Geometry
741
A
1.2
The Equivalence Principle
743
A
1.3
Geodesic Equations
744
A
1.4
Energy-Momentum Tensor
746
A
1.5
Newtonian Limit
747
A
1.6
Einstein s Field Equation
747
В
Gas and Radiative Processes
748
8
1
.1
Ideal Gas
748
8
1.2
Basic Equations
749
8
1.3
Radiative Processes
751
8
1.3.1
Einstein Coefficients and Milne Relation
752
8
1.3.2
Photoionization and Photo-excitation
755
В
1.3.3
Recombination
756
В
1.3.4
Collisional
lonization
and Collisional Excitation
757
В
1.3.5 Bremsstrahlung 758
В
1.3.6
Compton Scattering
759
81
.4
Radiative Cooling
760
С
Numerical Simulations
764
С
1.1
/V-Body
Simulations
764
С
1.1.1
Force Calculations
766
С
1.1.2
Issues Related to Numerical Accuracy
767
С
1.1.3
Boundary Conditions
769
С
1.1.4
Initial Conditions
769
С
1.2
Hydrodynamical Simulations
770
С
1.2.1
Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH)
770
С
1.2.2
Grid-Based Algorithms
772
D
Frequently Used Abbreviations
775
E
Useful Numbers
776
References
ηηη
índex 806
GALAXY FORMATION AND EVOLUTION
The rapidly expanding field of galaxy formation lies at the interfaces of astronomy, particle
physics, and cosmology. Covering diverse topics from these disciplines, all of which are needed
to understand how galaxies form and evolve, this book is ideal for researchers entering the field.
Individual chapters explore the evolution of the Universe as a whole and its particle and radi¬
ation content; linear and nonlinear growth of cosmic structures; processes affecting the gaseous
and dark matter components of galaxies and their stellar populations; the formation of spiral and
elliptical galaxies; central
supermassive
black holes and the activity associated with them; galaxy
interactions; and the intergalactic medium.
Emphasizing both observational and theoretical aspects, this book provides a coherent intro¬
duction for astronomers, cosmologists, and astroparticle physicists to the broad range of science
underlying the formation and evolution of galaxies.
HOUJUN MO is Professor of Astrophysics at the University of Massachusetts. He is known for
his work on the formation and clustering of galaxies and their dark matter
halos.
frank van DEN Bosch is Assistant Professor at Yale University, and is known for his
studies of the formation, dynamics, and clustering of galaxies.
SIMON white is Director at the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics in Garching. He is
one of the originators of the modern theory of galaxy formation and has received numerous
international prizes and honors.
Jointly and separately the authors have published almost
500
papers in the refereed professional
literature, most of them on topics related to the subject of this book.
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Mo, Houjun 1963- Van den Bosch, Frank 1969- White, Simon |
| author_GND | (DE-588)141749997 (DE-588)14174801X |
| author_facet | Mo, Houjun 1963- Van den Bosch, Frank 1969- White, Simon |
| author_role | aut aut aut |
| author_sort | Mo, Houjun 1963- |
| author_variant | h m hm d b f v dbf dbfv s w sw |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV040029023 |
| classification_rvk | US 3100 |
| classification_tum | PHY 974f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)796193291 (DE-599)BVBBV040029023 |
| discipline | Physik |
| edition | 1. publ., 3. printing with corr. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV040029023 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:16:28Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780521857932 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024885951 |
| oclc_num | 796193291 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-703 DE-83 |
| owner_facet | DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-703 DE-83 |
| physical | XIX, 820 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publishDateSearch | 2011 |
| publishDateSort | 2011 |
| publisher | Cambridge Univ. Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Mo, Houjun 1963- Verfasser (DE-588)141749997 aut Galaxy formation and evolution Houjun Mo ; Frank van den Bosch ; Simon White 1. publ., 3. printing with corr. Cambridge [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 2011 XIX, 820 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke Galaxies / Formation Galaxies / Evolution Entstehung (DE-588)4156614-2 gnd rswk-swf Galaxie (DE-588)4057375-8 gnd rswk-swf Galaxie (DE-588)4057375-8 s Entstehung (DE-588)4156614-2 s DE-604 Van den Bosch, Frank 1969- Verfasser (DE-588)14174801X aut White, Simon Verfasser aut Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024885951&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024885951&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Mo, Houjun 1963- Van den Bosch, Frank 1969- White, Simon Galaxy formation and evolution Galaxies / Formation Galaxies / Evolution Entstehung (DE-588)4156614-2 gnd Galaxie (DE-588)4057375-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4156614-2 (DE-588)4057375-8 |
| title | Galaxy formation and evolution |
| title_auth | Galaxy formation and evolution |
| title_exact_search | Galaxy formation and evolution |
| title_full | Galaxy formation and evolution Houjun Mo ; Frank van den Bosch ; Simon White |
| title_fullStr | Galaxy formation and evolution Houjun Mo ; Frank van den Bosch ; Simon White |
| title_full_unstemmed | Galaxy formation and evolution Houjun Mo ; Frank van den Bosch ; Simon White |
| title_short | Galaxy formation and evolution |
| title_sort | galaxy formation and evolution |
| topic | Galaxies / Formation Galaxies / Evolution Entstehung (DE-588)4156614-2 gnd Galaxie (DE-588)4057375-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Galaxies / Formation Galaxies / Evolution Entstehung Galaxie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024885951&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024885951&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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