Antarctic ecosystems: an extreme environment in a changing world
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| Language: | English |
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Chichester [u.a.]
Wiley-Blackwell
2012
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| Edition: | 1. publ. |
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| Item Description: | "Originally published as an issue of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences (Volume 362, Numbers 1477/January 29, 2007 and 1478/December 29, 2007) but has been materially changed and updated." -- Includes index. |
| Physical Description: | XIV, 538 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9781405198400 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Antarctic ecosystems |b an extreme environment in a changing world |c edited by Alex D. Rogers ... |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Chichester [u.a.] |b Wiley-Blackwell |c 2012 | |
| 300 | |a XIV, 538 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a "Originally published as an issue of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences (Volume 362, Numbers 1477/January 29, 2007 and 1478/December 29, 2007) but has been materially changed and updated." -- Includes index. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Ökologie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Ecology |z Antarctica | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Biotic communities |z Antarctica | |
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
Contributors,
xi
INTRODUCTION: ANTARCTIC ECOLOGY
IN A CHANGING WORLD,
1
Andrew Clarke,
Nadine M.
Johnston, Eugene
].
Murphy
and Alex D. Rogers
Introduction,
1
Climate change,
2
The historical context,
3
The importance of scale,
3
Fisheries and conservation,
4
Concluding remarks,
6
References,
6
PART
1
TERRESTRIAL AND FRESHWATER
HABITATS,
11
1
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY
IN TERRESTRIAL ANTARCTIC
BIODIVERSITY,
13
Steven L. Chown and Peter Convey
1.1
Introduction,
13
1.2
Variation across space,
16
1.2.1
Individual and population levels,
16
1.2.2
Species level,
18
1.2.3
Assemblage and ecosystem levels,
20
1.3
Variation through time,
25
1.3.1
Individual level,
26
1.3.2
Population level,
27
1.3.3
Species level,
29
1.3.4
Assemblageandecosystem
levels,
29
1.4
Conclusions and implications,
30
Acknowledgments,
31
References,
31
2
GLOBAL CHANGE IN A LOW DIVERSITY
TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM: THE
McMURDO DRY VALLEYS,
44
Diana H.
Wall
2.1
Introduction,
44
2.2
The McMurdo dry valley region,
46
2.3
Above-belowground interactions,
46
2.4
The functioning of low diversity systems,
50
2.5
Effects of global changes on coupled
above-belowground subsystems,
51
2.6
Temperature change: warming,
52
2.7
Temperature change: cooling,
54
2.8
Direct human influence: trampling,
54
2.9
UV Radiation,
55
2.10
Concluding remarks,
56
Acknowledgements,
56
References,
56
3
ANTARCTIC LAKES AS MODELS FOR THE
STUDY OF MICROBIAL BIODIVERSITY,
BIOGEOGRAPHY AND EVOLUTION,
63
David A. Pearce and Johanna Laybourn-Parry
3.1
The variety of antarctic lake types,
63
3.2
The physical and chemical lake environment,
66
3.3
The microbial diversity of antarctic lakes,
66
3.3.1
Methods for exploring Antarctic lake
biodiversity,
67
3.3.2
Microbial groups,
69
3.3.3
Protists,
70
3.3.4
Crustacea,
72
3.4
Biogeography,
74
3.4.1
Spatial variation and the global ubiquity
hypothesis,
74
3.4.2
Temporal variation and
palaeolimnology,
75
vi
Contents
3.5 Evolution, 76
3.5.1 Prokaryote
physiology,
76
3.5.2 Eukaryote
physiology,
77
3.6
Future perspectives,
78
3.7
Acknowledgement,
78
References,
78
PART
2
MARINE HABITATS AND REGIONS,
91
4
THE IMPACT OF REGIONAL CLIMATE
CHANGE ON THE MARINE ECOSYSTEM
OF THE WESTERN ANTARCTIC
PENINSULA,
93
Andrew Clarke, David K. A. Barnes, Thomas]. Bracegirdle,
Hugh W. Ducklow, John
С
King, Michael P. Meredith,
Eugene
].
Murphy and Lloyd S. Peck
4.1
Introduction,
93
4.1.1
The
océanographie
setting,
96
4.1.2
The historical context,
97
4.2
Predicted environmental changes along the
western antarctic peninsula,
98
4.3
Environmental variability and ecological
response,
100
4.3.1
Biotic responses to climate change:
some general points,
102
4.4
Responses of individual marine species to climate
change.
102
4.4.1
Acclimation and evolutionary
responses to environmental change
in antarctic marine organisms,
104
4.5
Community level responses to climate
change,
106
4.6
Ecosystem level responses to climate
change.
107
4.7
What biological changes have been observed
to date?.
109
4.8
Concluding remarks,
110
Acknowledgements,
110
References, 111
5
THE MARINE SYSTEM OF THE WESTERN
ANTARCTIC PENINSULA,
121
Hugh Ducklow, Andrew Clarke, Rebecca Dickhut, Scott
С
Doney, Heidi Geisz, Kuan Huang, Douglas G. Martinson.
Michael P. Meredith, Holly V. Moeller, Martin
Montes-
Hugo,
Oscar Schofield. Sharon E.
Stammerjohn,
Debbie Steinberg and William
Fraser
5.1
Introduction,
121
5.2
Climate and ice,
123
5.2.1
Surface air temperature,
123
5.2.2
Sea ice,
123
5.2.3
Climate co-variability,
125
5.3
Physical oceanography,
127
5.4
Nutrients and carbon,
130
5.4.1
Nutrients and UCDW intrusions,
130
5.4.2
Carbon cycle,
131
5.4.3
Dissolved organic carbon,
132
5.4.4
Sedimentation and export,
133
5.5
Phytoplankton dynamics,
134
5.5.1
Seasonal scale dynamics,
134
5.5.2
Role of light,
134
5.5.3
Role of nutrients,
136
5.5.4
Annual variability in
phytoplankton,
137
5.6
Microbial ecology,
138
5.7 Zooplankton, 140
5.7.1
Community composition
and distribution,
140
5.7.2
Long-term trends and
climate connections,
142
5.7.3
Grazing and biogeochemical
cycling,
142
5.8
Penguins,
143
5.8.1
Contaminants in penguins,
145
5.9
Marine mammals,
146
5.10
Synthesis: food webs of the wap,
147
5.11
Conclusions,
148
Acknowledgements,
149
References,
149
6
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL OPERATION
OF THE SCOTIA SEA ECOSYSTEM,
160
E.J. Murphy, J.L Watkins, P.N.
Trathan, K.
Reid,
M.P. Meredith, S.L Hill, S.E. Thorpe,
N.M.
Johnston,
A. Clarke, G.A. Tarling, M.A. Collins,
].
Forcada,
A. Atkinson, P. Ward,
IJ. Stamland,
D.W.
Pond,
R.A. Cavanagh, R.S. Shreeve,
R.E. Korb, M.J.
Whitehouse,
P.G. Rodhouse, P.
Enderlein, A.G.
Hirst, A.R. Martin,
D.R.
Briggs, N.J.
Cunningham and A.H. Fleming
6.1
Introduction,
160
6.2
Oceanography and sea ice,
163
6.2.1
Upper-ocean circulation and
characteristics in the Scotia Sea,
163
6.2.2
Physical variability and long-term
change,
167
6.3
Nutrient and plankton dynamics,
168
6.4
Krill
in the
scoţia
sea food web,
171
6.4.1
Krill
distribution in the
Scotia Sea,
171
Contents
vii
6.4.2
Krill
growth and age in the
Scotia Sea,
173
6.4.3
Krill
reproduction and recruitment
in the Scotia Sea.
174
6.4.4
Krill
-
habitat interactions in the
Scotia Sea,
177
6.4.5
Krill
population variability and
change in the Scotia Sea,
180
6.4.6
Krill
in the Scotia Sea food web.
183
6.5
Food web operation,
184
6.5.1
Trophic links,
184
6.5.2
Spatial operation of the food web,
189
6.6
Ecosystem variability and long-term
change,
192
6.7
Concluding comments,
195
Summary,
196
Acknowledgements,
197
References,
197
7
THE ROSS SEA CONTINENTAL SHELF:
REGIONAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES,
TROPHIC INTERACTIONS, AND
POTENTIAL FUTURE CHANGES,
213
Walker O. Smith. Jr.. David G. Ainley.
Riccardo Cattaneo-Vietti and Eileen
E. Hofmann
7
Λ
Introduction.
213
7.2
Physical setting.
214
73
Biological setting.
219
7.3.1
Lower trophic levels,
2 ] 9
7.3.2
Mid-trophic levels,
225
7.3.3
Fishes and mobile predators,
226
7.3.4
Upper trophic levels,
227
7.3.5
Benthos,
229
7.4
Food web and biotic interactions,
230
7.5
Conclusions,
232
7.5.1
Uniqueness of the Ross Sea,
232
7.5.2
Potential impacts of climate
change,
233
7.5.3
Conservation and the role of
commercial fishing activity in the
Ross Sea.
234
7.5.4
Research needs and future
directions,
235
Acknowledgements,
235
References.
235
8
PELAGIC ECOSYSTEMS IN THE WATERS
OFF EAST ANTARCTICA
(30°
E-150 E),
243
Stephen
Nìcol
and Ben Raymond
8.1
Introduction.
243
8.2
The region,
245
8.2.1
The east
(80°
Е-1500 Е),
245
8.2.2
The west
(30°
E-800
E),
247
8.3
Ecosystem change off east
antarctica,
251
Summary.
251
References,
252
9
THE DYNAMIC MOSAIC,
255
David K.A. Barnes and Kathleen
E. Coniati
9.1
Introduction,
255
9.2
Historical and geographic perspectives,
256
9.3
Disturbance,
257
9.3.1
Ice effects,
258
9.3.2
Asteroid impacts,
260
9.3.3
Sediment instability and
hypoxia.
261
9.3.4
Wind and wave action,
261
9.3.5
Pollution,
262
9.3.6
UV irradiation,
263
9.3.7
Volcanic eruptions.
263
9.3.8
Trawling,
264
9.3.9
Non-indigenous species
(NIS).
264
9.3.10
Freshwater,
265
9.3.11
Temperature stress.
265
9.3.12
Biological agents of physical
disturbance.
266
9.4
Colonisaton of antarctic sea-beds,
266
9.4.1
Larval abundance.
266
9.4.2
Hard substrata,
266
9.4.3
Soft sediments.
269
9.5
Implications of climate change.
276
9.6
Conclusion,
279
Acknowledgements,
280
References,
281
10
SOUTHERN OCEAN DEEP BENTHIC
BIODIVERSITY,
291
A. Brandt,
С
De Broyer,
В.
Ebbe. K.E. Ellingsen.
A.J. Gooday, D.
Janussen.
S.
Kaiser,
К.
Linse.
M. Schueller,
M.R.A. Thomson, P.A.
Tyler and A.
Vanreusel
10.1
Introduction.
291
10.2
History of antarctic biodiversity
work.
293
10.3
Geological history and evolution of the
antarctic,
294
10.3.1
Indian Ocean.
294
10.3.2
South Atlantic.
294
10.3.3
WeddellSea,
295
10.3.4
Drake Passage and Scotia
Sea,
296
viii Contents
10.4
Benthic composition
and diversity of
meio-,
macro- and
megabenthos,
296
10.4.1
Meiofauna,
297
10.4.2
Macrofaunal composition
and diversity,
299
10.4.3
Megafaunal composition
and diversity,
304
10.5
Phylogenetic relationships of selected
taxa,
308
10.5.1
Foraminifera,
308
10.5.2
Isopoda,
308
10.5.3
Tanaidacea,
309
10.5.4
Bivalvia,
310
10.5.5
Polychaeta,
310
10.5.6
Cephalopoda,
310
10.6
Biogeography and endemism,
311
10.6.1
Porifera,
311
10.6.2
Foraminifera,
311
10.6.3
Metazoan meiofauna,
311
10.6.4
Peracarida,
312
10.6.5
Mollusca,
312
10.6.6
Echinodermata,
313
10.6.7
Brachiopoda,
313
10.6.8
Polychaeta.
313
10.6.9
Bryozoa,
313
10.7
Relationship of selected faunal
assemblages to environmental
variables.
313
10.7.1
Large-scale patterns with
depth.
313
10.7.2
Patterns influenced by other
environmental or physical
factors,
317
10.7.3
Isopoda,
318
10.8
Similarities and differences between
antarctic and other deep-sea
systems,
318
10.8.1
The environment,
318
10.8.2
A direct comparison between the
deep sea of the SO and the World
Ocean,
319
10.8.3
Dispersal and recruitment between
the SO and the rest of the
world,
320
10.8.4
The special case of
chemosynthetically-driven
deep-sea systems,
320
10.9
Conclusions,
321
Acknowledgements.
321
References,
323
11
ENVIRONMENTAL FORCING AND
SOUTHERN OCEAN MARINE PREDATOR
POPULATIONS
, 335
Phil
N.
Trathan, Jaume
Forcada
and Eugene J. Murphy
11.1
Climate change: recent, rapid, regional
warming,
335
11.2
Using oscillatory climate signals to predict
future change in biological communities,
337
11.3
Potential for regional impacts on the
biosphere,
338
11.4
Confounding isues in identifying a biological
signal,
339
11.5
Regional ecosystem responses as a
consequence of variation in regional food
webs,
340
11.6
Where biological signals will be most
apparent,
340
11.7
The southwest
atlantic,
341
11.8
The
indian
ocean,
344
11.9
The pacific ocean,
345
11.10
Similarities between the
atlantic, indian
and pacific oceans,
346
11.11
What ENSO can tell us,
34 7
11.12
Future scenarios,
349
References,
349
PART
3
MOLECULAR ADAPTATIONS
AND EVOLUTION,
355
12
MOLECULAR ECOPHYSIOLOGY OF
ANTARCTIC NOTOTHENIOID FISHES
, 357
C.-H. Christina Cheng and
H. WiĽiam
Detrich
Ш
12.1
Introduction,
357
12.2
Surviving the big chill
-
notothenioid
freezing avoidance by antifreeze
proteins,
358
12.2.1
Freezing challenge in frigid Antarctic
marine environment,
358
12.2.2
Historical paradigm of teleost freezing
avoidance,
360
12.2.3
Paradigm shift I: the larval
paradox ,
360
12.2.4
Paradigm shift
П:
liver is not the
source of blood AFGP in
notothenioids,
362
12.2.5
Gut versus blood
-
importance of
intestinal freeze avoidance,
363
12.2.6
Non-hepatic source of plasma
AFGP.
364
Contents ix
12.2.7
Alterations in environments and
dynamic evolutionary change
in notothenioid AFGP gene
families,
364
12.2.8
Summary comments
-
antifreeze
protein gain in Antarctic
notothenioid flsh,
367
12.3
Haemoprotein loss and cardiovascular
adaptation in icefishes
-
dr. no to the
rescue?,
367
12.3.1
Vertebrates without haemoglobins
-
you must be kidding!.
367
12.3.2
Haemoprotein loss in icefishes: an
evolutionary perspective.
368
12.3.3
Cellular correlates of
haemoprotein loss.
370
12.3.4
The iceflsh cardiovascular
system,
371
12.3.5
Compensatory adjustment
of the iceflsh cardiovascular system
in a regime of reduced interspecific
competition? Enter Dr. NO,
371
12.3.6
Haemoproteins, NO metabolism,
and icefish evolution.
372
12.3.7
Icefishes and erythropoietic gene
discovery.
372
12.3.8
Summary comments: haemoprotein
loss in Antarctic icefishes,
374
12.4
Concluding remarks.
374
Acknowledgements.
374
Dedication.
374
References.
374
13
MECHANISMS DEFINING THERMAL LIMITS
AND ADAPTATION IN MARINE ECTOTHERMS:
AN
INTEGRATIVE
VIEW,
379
Hans O. Partner, Lloyd S. Peck and George
N.
Somero
13.1
Introduction: climate-dependent evolution
of antarctic fauna,
379
13.2
Phenomena of thermal specialization
and limitation,
382
13.2.1
Molecular and membrane
aspects.
383
13.2.2
Genomic aspects: gene expression
and loss of genetic information.
390
13.2.3
From molecular to systemic aspects:
thermal limitation,
39 3
13.2.4
From molecular to systemic aspects:
thermal adaptation of performance
capacity.
397
13.2.5
Ecological implications,
399
13.2.6
Integration of phenomena: concepts,
results and perspectives,
405
Acknowledgements,
409
References,
409
14
EVOLUTION AND BIODIVERSITY
OF ANTARCTIC ORGANISMS,
417
Alex D. Rogers
14.1
Introduction,
417
14.2
The antarctic biota,
418
14.3
The break-up of gondwana and the
evolution of the southern hemisphere
biota,
420
14.3.1
Vicariance versus dispersal,
420
14.3.2
Dispersal mechanisms.
421
14.4
The evolution and biodiversity of the terrestrial
sub-antarctic and antarctic biota,
423
14.4.1
Plants,
423
14.4.2
Animals,
427
14.5
The marine environment,
432
14.5.1
Biogeography and macroevolution.
432
14.5.2
Notothenioid fish.
432
14.5
Л
Birds,
435
14.5.4
Marine invertebrates.
4 36
14.5.5
The molecular ecology and
phylogeography of the marine biota,
437
14.5.6
Patterns of genetic variation
in marine species,
448
14.6
Antarctica: a climatic crucible
of evolution.
450
14.7
The historical constraints on adaptation
to present climate change,
453
14.8
Future directions for research,
453
References,
454
PART
4
CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT
ASPECTS,
469
15
BIOGEOGRAPHY AND REGIONAL
CLASSIFICATIONS OF ANTARCTICA,
471
P. Convey, D.K.A. Barnes. H.J. Griffiths, S.M. Grant,
K.
Linse
and D.N.
Timmas
15.1
Introduction.
471
15.2
Historical background.
474
15.2.1
Physical regions in the marine
environment.
474
Contents
15.2.2
Smaller-scale
regionalization
within the Antarctic marine
environment,
474
15.2.3
Physical regions in the littoral
environment,
475
15.2.4
Physical regions in the terrestrial
environment,
475
15.3
Data availability,
476
15.4
Different realms in the marine and terrestrial
environments,
477
15.4.1
Pelagic realm,
477
15.4.2
Sea ice,
478
15.4.3
Benthic realm,
479
15
A A The terrestrial environment,
479
15.4.5
Biogeographical patterns in the
terrestrial environment,
480
15.4.6
Biogeographic patterns in the
marine environment,
481
15.5
Overview,
485
Acknowledgements,
486
References,
486
16
CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT
OF ANTARCTIC ECOSYSTEMS,
492
Susie M. Grant, Pete Convey. Kevin A. Hughes,
Richard A. Phillips mid Phil
N.
Trathan
16.1
Introduction.
492
16.2
Legal frameworks for conservation
and management,
495
16.2.1
Early regulation of marine living
resource harvesting.
495
16.2.2
The Antarctic Treaty System,
497
16.2.3
Other (non-ATS) agreements
and tools relevant to conservation
and management,
50Ü
16.3
Conservation and management
measures,
502
16.3.1
Pollution and local
disturbance,
502
16.3.2
Biosecurity and non-native
species,
505
16.3.3
Conservation and management
of marine living resources,
505
16.3.4
Conservation of other individual
species,
507
16.3.5
Protected areas,
509
16.4
Conservation science and
monitoring,
512
16.5
Future challenges,
515
16.6
Conclusions,
520
Acknowledgements.
521
References,
521
Index.
526
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author2 | Rogers, Alex 1968- |
| author2_role | edt |
| author2_variant | a r ar |
| author_GND | (DE-588)102768629X |
| author_facet | Rogers, Alex 1968- |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV039991642 |
| callnumber-first | Q - Science |
| callnumber-label | QH84 |
| callnumber-raw | QH84.2 |
| callnumber-search | QH84.2 |
| callnumber-sort | QH 284.2 |
| callnumber-subject | QH - Natural History and Biology |
| classification_rvk | RY 70525 WI 9470 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)780201237 (DE-599)BVBBV039991642 |
| dewey-full | 577.0998/9 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 577 - Ecology |
| dewey-raw | 577.0998/9 |
| dewey-search | 577.0998/9 |
| dewey-sort | 3577.0998 19 |
| dewey-tens | 570 - Biology |
| discipline | Biologie Geographie |
| edition | 1. publ. |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Antarktis (DE-588)4002208-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Antarktis |
| id | DE-604.BV039991642 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:15:45Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781405198400 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2011037209 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024848759 |
| oclc_num | 780201237 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-29 DE-188 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-11 DE-12 DE-824 |
| owner_facet | DE-29 DE-188 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-11 DE-12 DE-824 |
| physical | XIV, 538 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publishDateSearch | 2012 |
| publishDateSort | 2012 |
| publisher | Wiley-Blackwell |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Antarctic ecosystems an extreme environment in a changing world edited by Alex D. Rogers ... 1. publ. Chichester [u.a.] Wiley-Blackwell 2012 XIV, 538 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier "Originally published as an issue of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences (Volume 362, Numbers 1477/January 29, 2007 and 1478/December 29, 2007) but has been materially changed and updated." -- Includes index. Ökologie Ecology Antarctica Biotic communities Antarctica Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd rswk-swf Antarktis (DE-588)4002208-0 gnd rswk-swf Antarktis (DE-588)4002208-0 g Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 s DE-604 Rogers, Alex 1968- (DE-588)102768629X edt Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024848759&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Antarctic ecosystems an extreme environment in a changing world Ökologie Ecology Antarctica Biotic communities Antarctica Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4043216-6 (DE-588)4002208-0 |
| title | Antarctic ecosystems an extreme environment in a changing world |
| title_auth | Antarctic ecosystems an extreme environment in a changing world |
| title_exact_search | Antarctic ecosystems an extreme environment in a changing world |
| title_full | Antarctic ecosystems an extreme environment in a changing world edited by Alex D. Rogers ... |
| title_fullStr | Antarctic ecosystems an extreme environment in a changing world edited by Alex D. Rogers ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antarctic ecosystems an extreme environment in a changing world edited by Alex D. Rogers ... |
| title_short | Antarctic ecosystems |
| title_sort | antarctic ecosystems an extreme environment in a changing world |
| title_sub | an extreme environment in a changing world |
| topic | Ökologie Ecology Antarctica Biotic communities Antarctica Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Ökologie Ecology Antarctica Biotic communities Antarctica Ökosystem Antarktis |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024848759&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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