African ecology: benchmarks and historical perspectives
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | German |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Heidelberg [u.a.]
Springer
2012
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| Schriftenreihe: | Springer geography
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltstext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XLI, 1562 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 3642228712 9783642228711 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Spinage, Clive A. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a African ecology |b benchmarks and historical perspectives |c Clive A. Spinage |
| 264 | 1 | |a Heidelberg [u.a.] |b Springer |c 2012 | |
| 300 | |a XLI, 1562 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1805146351659384832 |
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| adam_text |
Contents
1
Africa Background
to Exuberance
. 1
1.1
Outline of Zoogeography
. 1
1.2
Species' Richness
. 5
1.3
The Abiotic Substrate and Its Vegetation
. 7
1.4
Animal and Plant Interactions
. 12
1.5
Extinctions
. 14
1.6
Refugia
. 15
1.7
Species' Richness Considered
. 18
1.8
Species' Diversity
. 19
1.9
Butterfly Speciation
. 20
1.10
Fish and Amphibian Diversity
. 21
1.11
Bird Diversity
. 22
1.12
Mammal Diversity
. 27
1.13
Herbivore Community Organization
. 30
1.14
Parasites and Diseases
. 33
1.15
Population Limitation
. 38
1.16
Stability or Chaos?
. 41
1.17
Do Population Cycles Exist?
. 45
1.18
Notes
. 53
Part I The Abiotic Environment
. 55
2
The Changing Climate of Africa Part I: Introduction
and Eastern Africa
. 57
2.1
Introduction
. 57
2.2
Rainfall
. 59
2.3
Recent Changes in Pattern
. 61
2.4
Desertification and Drought
. 62
2.5
High Rainfall
. 64
2.6
Historical World Climatic Change
. 64
2.7
Prehistoric to Historic Climatic Events
. 66
Contents
2.8 The Development
of
Human
Influence
. 70
2.9
East African Climate
. 73
2.10
The Nile
. 76
2.11
The Nile Records
. 79
2.12
Lake Victoria
. 90
2.13
Lake Victoria and the Sunspot Cycle
. 94
2.14
Other East African Lakes
. 96
2.15
Rainfall, Lakes, and the Nile
. 103
2.16
East Africa's Vanishing Glaciers
. 105
2.16.1
The Rwenzoris
. 105
2.16.2
Mounts Kilimanjaro and Kenya
. 107
2.16.3
Causes of Ice Loss
. 117
2.17
East African Records
. 122
2.18
Effects of Historical to Present Climate in Eastern Africa
. 127
2.19
Ethiopian Famines
. 128
2.20
Sudan Famines
. 131
2.21
Uganda and Kenya Famines
. 132
2.22
Drought and Famine in Tanzania
. 138
2.23
Notes
. 140
The Changing Climate of Africa Part II:
West
Àfrica
and the Sahel
. 143
3.1
Introduction
. 143
3.2
Prehistoric to Historic Climate
. 148
3.3
The Rains in West Africa
. 152
3.4
Droughts, Floods, and Famines
. 154
3.4.1
The Coastal Region
. 154
3.5
The Inner Sahel
. 157
3.6
The Disappearing Lake Chad
. 162
3.7
The Niger Bend
. 174
3.8
The Sahel and Desertification
. 176
3.9
West Central Africa
. 179
3.10
Effects of Drought, Famine and Floods
. 180
3.11
Note
. 182
The Changing Climate of Africa Part III: Southern Africa
. 183
4.1
South Africa's Climate
. 183
4.2
Prehistoric to Historic Climate
. 183
4.3
Droughts, Floods, and Snow
. 186
4.4
The Cape Accounts
. 188
4.4.1
Droughts
. 188
4.4.2
Floods and Snow
. 191
4.4.3
Climatic Oscillations
. 194
4.5
Is South Africa Drying Up?
. 197
4.6
Drought in Botswana
. 201
Contents xiii
4.7 Lake Ngami. 210
4.8
The Kalahari
. 217
4.9
Effects of Drought
. 222
5
The Changing Climate of Africa Part IV: Its Effects
. 225
5.1
Changes in Rainfall Pattern
. 225
5.2
Changes in Temperature
. 229
5.3
Drought and Desertification
. 231
5.4
Climatic Change
. 237
5.5
Effects on Man
. 239
5.6
Ecological Effects
. 241
5.7
Non-equilibrium Ecology
. 242
5.8
Causes of Climate Change
. 244
5.9
Reversing the Changes
. 247
5.10
Notes
. 249
6
Fire Part I: Introduction and History
. 251
6.1
Introduction
. 251
6.2
Grasslands
. 252
6.3
Atmospheric Chemistry
. 253
6.4
Soil Changes
. 255
6.5
Extent of Burning
. 257
6.6
Fire as an Ecological Factor
. 259
6.7
Fire Behaviour
. 263
6.8
Plant Reactions
. 264
6.9
For and Against Burning
. 265
6.10
Naturally Occurring Fires
. 269
6.11
Ancient Fire History
. 271
6.12
African History
. 273
6.13
West Africa
. 276
6.13.1
Hanno's Account
. 276
6.13.2
Other Early West African Records
. 277
6.14
East Africa
. 281
6.15
Central and South Africa
. 287
6.16
Notes
. 291
7
Fire Part II: Effects and Ecology
. 293
7.1
Effects of Fire on Vegetation
. 293
7.1.1
Forest Destruction
. 293
7.1.2
Savannah
. 299
7.1.3
Miombo
. 307
7.1.4
Grazing and Burning
. 312
7.1.5
Burning Experiments
. 314
7.2
Effects of Burning on Wild Animals
. 318
7.2.1
Large Mammals
. 318
7.2.2
Small Mammals
. 327
xiv Contents
7.2.3
Birds and Reptiles
. 328
7.2.4
Invertebrates
. 329
7.3
Conclusion
. 334
7.4
Notes
. 338
Part II The Floral Environment
. 339
8
Vegetation and Change: Introduction and Western Africa
. 341
8.1
Introduction
. 341
8.2
Early Agriculture
. 345
8.3
Shifting Cultivation
. 346
8.4
Destruction of the Western Islands' Vegetation
. 349
8.5
Climate Versus Man
. 351
8.6
The West African Coast
. 354
8.7
Habitat Destruction
. 358
8.8
Rainforest
. 360
8.9
Forests and Rainfall
. 362
8.10
West African Forests and Savannahs
. 373
8.11
The West African Forest-Savannah Mosaic
. 374
8.12
Country Histories
. 381
8.12.1
Introduction
. 381
8.12.2
Senegambia
. 382
8.12.3
Guinea
. 384
8.12.4
Sierra Leone
. 388
8.12.5
Liberia
. 394
8.12.6
Ivory Coast
. 395
8.12.7
Ghana (Gold Coast)
. 397
8.12.8
Togo
. 403
8.12.9
Benin (Dahomey) and Nigeria
. 407
8.12.10
Cameroun
. 408
8.12.11
Gabon
. 409
8.12.12
Cabinda
. 409
8.12.13
Congo Republic and Northern Angola
. 410
8.13
Forest Advance
. 410
8.14
Elephants
. 416
8.15
Notes
. 417
9
Vegetation and Change: Eastern and Southern Africa
and Conclusion
. 419
9.
1 Eastern Africa
. 419
9.1
Л
Introduction
. 419
9.1.2
The Vegetation of East Africa
. 420
9.1.3
Deforestation
. 423
9.1.4
Soil Erosion
. 429
9.1.5
Four Case Histories
. 431
Contents xv
9.1.6 Visual
Changes.
440
9.2 Southern
Africa.
452
9.2.1
Introduction
. 452
9.2.2
Early History of Cape Conditions
. 455
9.2.3
Overgrazing
. 457
9.2.4
Increasing Desiccation
. 459
9.2.5
Concern for the Karoo
. 463
9.2.6
Forest Destruction
. 467
9.2.7
Changes in Botswana
. 470
9.2.8
Elephants and Change
. 471
9.2.9
Visual Changes
. 472
9.3
Conclusion to Vegetation and Change
. 472
9.4
Notes
. 477
Part HI Abundance of Populations
. 479
10
Locusts the Forgotten Plague Part I: Locusts
and Their Ecology
. 481
10.1
Introduction
. 481
10.2
Biology
. 485
10.3
Swarming
. 486
10.4
Feeding
. 487
10.5
Flight
. 488
10.6
The Desert Locust
. 489
10.7
Desert Locust Breeding
. 493
10.8
Desert Locust Hoppers
. 497
10.9
Desert Locust Swarming
. 497
10.10
Desert Locust Movements
. 498
10.11
The Migratory Locust
. 500
10.12
The Red Locust
. 506
10.13
The Brown Locust
. 514
10.14
The Moroccan Locust
. 517
10.15
The Italian Locust
. 517
10.16
Tree Locusts
. 518
10.17
Locust Diseases and Predators
. 518
10.18
Locust Migration and Emigration
. 524
10.19
Why Do Plagues Occur?
. 525
10.20
Notes
. 531
11
Locusts the Forgotten Plague Part II: History
of Locust Plagues
. 533
11.1
General History
. 533
11.1.1
The Years B.C
. 533
11.1.2
The First to Tenth Centuries A.D
. 535
11.1.3
The Eleventh to Seventeenth Centuries
. 537
xvi
Contents
11.1.4
The Eighteenth Century
. 540
11.1.5
The Nineteenth Century
. 542
11.2
Country Histories in Africa
. 545
11.2.1
North Africa and the Western Sahara
. 546
11.2.2
Senegal to Angola and the Hinterland
. 551
11.2.3
East Africa
. 555
11.2.4
Zambia
. 561
11.2.5
Zimbabwe
. 562
11.2.6
South Africa
. 562
11.3
Notes
. 569
12
Other Abundant Populations
. 571
12.1
Irruptions and Cycles: The Rodents
. 571
12.2
Historical Observations of Large Mammal Abundance
. 575
12.2.1
Southern Africa
. 575
12.3
The Springbok
. 576
12.4
Wildebeest
. 582
12.5
Hartebeest
. 588
12.6
Eland
. 588
12.7
Species' Decline
. 589
12.8
Eastern Africa
. 590
12.9
Wildebeest
. 592
12.10
The
Boma
Plateau Ecosystem
. 602
12.11
Lechwes
. 605
12.12
Buffalo
. 605
12.13
Conclusion to Migratory Species
. 612
12.14
Species' Decline
. 613
12.15
Notes
. 614
13
Too Many Hippopotamuses?
. 615
13.1
Introduction
. 615
13.2
The Area
. 616
13.3
Hippopotamus Biology
. 622
13.4
The "Problem"
. 626
13.5
Historical Records
. 629
13.6
The
DR
Congo Population
. 645
13.7
The Experiments
. 657
13.8
The Murchison Falls' Population
. 664
13.9
The Luangwa Valley Population
. 665
13.10
Conclusion
. 667
13.11
Notes
. 673
14
Too Many Elephants: A Continent-Wide Problem: Part 1
. 675
14.1
Origins of Conflict East Africa
. 675
14.2
Biology and Social Structure of the Elephant
. 678
14.3
The Elephant "Problem"
. 680
Contents xvii
14.4
Uganda's Elephants
. 689
14.4.1
North Bunyoro and West Acholi
. 689
14.4.2
Habitat Change
. 692
14.4.3
History of the Area
. 699
14.4.4
Queen Elizabeth National Park
. 707
14.4.5
Kidepo Valley National Park
. 709
14.5
Conclusion
. 712
14.6
Notes
. 713
15
Elephants: A Continent-Wide Problem Part II
. 715
15.1
Tanzania's Elephants
. 715
15.1.1
The Selous Game Reserve
. 716
15.1.2
The Ruaha National Park
. 718
15.1.3
Serengeti National Park and the Mara
. 722
15.1.4
Lake
Manyara
National Park
. 732
15.1.5
Tarangire National Park
. 740
15.1.6
Conclusion
. 743
15.2
Kenya's Elephants
. 744
15.2.1
Tsavo National Park
. 745
15.2.2
Fate of the Baobabs
. 749
15.2.3
Historical Records of Tsavo
. 761
15.2.4
Conclusion
. 772
15.3
Drought
. 773
15.4
Elephant Migration
. 774
15.5
Amboseli National Park
. 776
15.6
Notes
. 783
16
Elephants a Continent-Wide Problem: Part III
. 785
16.1
DR
Congo
. 785
16.2
Zambia
. 786
16.3
Botswana
. 797
16.3.1
History of the Chobe Elephants
. 801
16.3.2
Dynamics of the Chobe Elephant Population
. 805
16.4
Elephant Exploitation
. 808
16.5
Notes
. 817
Part IV Animal Parasites and Diseases
. 819
17
The Tsetse Fly I: Africa's Bane and Benefice
. 821
17.1
Introduction
. 821
17.2
Tsetse Fly Origins
. 826
17.3
Tsetse Fly Prehistory
. 827
17.4
Tsetse Fly Biology
. 833
17.5
Distribution
. 839
xviii
Contents
17.6
Feeding Preferences
. 841
17.7
Historical Distribution
. 847
17.7.1
West Africa
. 847
17.7.2
Central African Republic
. 851
17.7.3
Congo
. 851
17.7.4
Sudan
. 852
17.7.5
East Africa
. 855
17.7.6
Southern Africa
. 859
17.8
Conclusion
. 864
17.9
Notes
. 865
18
The Tsetse Fly II: Decline and Recovery
. 867
18.1
Decline of the Tsetse Fly
. 867
18.1.1
Southern Africa
. 867
18.2
Sudan and Uganda
. 876
18.3
Western Africa
. 877
18.4
Experiments with Game
. 879
18.5
Swynnerton's Summing-Up
. 880
18.6
Recrudescence of the Fly
. 882
18.7
Recovery of Tsetse Fly in East Africa
. 883
18.8
Recovery in Western Africa
. 893
18.9
Recovery in Southern Africa
. 894
18.10
Eliminating Game Animals
. 900
18.11
Conclusions
. 904
18.11.1
The Cause of Regression
. 904
18.12
The Cause of Expansion of Range
. 906
18.13
Climatic Influence
. 910
18.14
Population Regulation
. 911
18.15
Game Animals as Controllers of Tsetse
. 912
18.16
Notes
. 913
19
The Trypanosomiases 1
. 915
19.1
The Trypanosomes
. 915
19.1.1
Early Theories of Trypanosomiasis
. 915
19.2
Introduction to Trypanosomes
. 916
19.3
Trypanosome Species
. 918
19.4
Trypanosome and Host Evolution
. 925
19.5
Tsetse Fly Trypanosome Infections
. 927
19.6
Animal Trypanosomiasis
от
Nagana.
931
19.7
Trypanosome Infections Principally in Game Animals
. 935
19.8
Immunity in Game Animals
. 945
20
The Trypanosomiases II
. 949
20.1
Human Trypanosomiasis or Sleeping Sickness
. 949
20.1.1
Introduction
. 949
20.2
Gambian Sleeping Sickness
. 954
Contents xix
20.3
Epidemics in West Africa
. 958
20.4
History of the Disease in West Africa
. 960
20.5
Ghana and Burkina
Faso. 970
20.6
Nigeria
. 974
20.7
From the Coast to
DR
Congo
. 981
20.8
CAR and Chad
. 987
20.9
Sudan
. 994
20.10
The Great Uganda Epidemics
. 995
20.11
The Spread to Kenya and Tanzania
. 1003
20.12
The Search for a Cause
. 1005
20.13
Notes
. 1008
21
The Trypanosomiases III
. 1011
21.1
Rhodesián
Sleeping Sickness
. 1011
21.1.1
Introduction
. 1011
21.2
Zambia
. 1017
21.3
Botswana
. 1019
21.4
Tanzania
. 1021
21.5
Uganda
. 1026
21.6
Kenya
. 1029
21.7
Epidemics: The Search fora Cause
. 1031
21.8
The Pax
Britannica
Theory
. 1034
21.9
Other Causal Influences
. 1036
21.10
Expansion Theories
. 1037
21.11
Cattle as a Reservoir of Human Sleeping Sickness
. 1044
21.12
Puzzles of
Rhodesián
Sleeping Sickness
. 1047
21.13
Spontaneous Evolution
. 1050
22
Rinderpest the Great Panzootic and Its After Effects
. 1053
22.1
Introduction
. 1053
22.2
Origin of the Panzootic
. 1057
22.3
The Panzootic in Ethiopia
. 1060
22.4
The Spread West
. 1063
22.5
Eastern Africa
. 1065
22.6
The Spread South
. 1072
22.7
The Zambesi Crossed
. 1076
22.8
Botswana
. 1077
22.9
Bophuthatswana and Cape Colony
. 1081
22.10
The South African Republic (Transvaal)
. 1081
22.1 !
The South-East
. 1083
22.12
Reasons for Spread of the Disease
. 1084
22.13
The Final Outbreaks
. 1085
22.14
Angola and
Sao Tomé
. 1086
22.15
Cattle and Cattle Survival
. 1087
22.16
Species Affected by Rinderpest
. 1091
xx Contents
22.17
Did
Rinderpest
Occur in Africa Before the Panzootic?
. 1093
22.18
Notes
. 1099
23
Zoonoses Animal and Human Diseases Endo and Ectoparasites Mainly
Mammal 1
. 1101
23.1
Introduction
. 1101
23.2
Bacterial Diseases
. 1104
23.2.1
Bubonic Plague
. 1105
23.2.2
Brucellosis
. 1107
23.2.3
Footrot
. 1109
23.2.4
Anthrax
. 1109
23.2.5
Tuberculosis
. 1115
23.2.6
Rickettsias
. 1119
23.3
Viral Diseases
. 1119
23.3.1
Family Paramyxoviridae
. 1119
23.3.2
Family Retroviridae
. 1121
23.3.3
Family Herpesviridae
. 1122
23.4
Arboviruses
. 1123
23.4.1
Family Togaviridae
. 1131
23.4.2
Family
Flavi
viridae
. 1131
23.4.3
Family Bunyaviridae
. 1132
23.4.4
Family Nairoviridae
. 1132
23.4.5
Family Phleboviridae
. 1134
23.4.6
Family Asfarviridae
. 1137
23.5
Contact Viruses
. 1139
23.5.1
Family Rhabdoviridae
. 1139
23.5.2
Family Reoviridae
. 1142
23.5.3
Family Picornaviridae
. 1142
23.6
Protozoan Diseases
. 1146
23.6.1
Sarcocystis
. 1146
23.6.2
Family Theileridae
-
Theilerioses
. 1146
23.6.3
Family Babesiidae
—
Babesioses
. 1148
23.7
Mycotic Diseases
. 1148
23.8
Notes
. 1149
24
Zoonoses Animal and Human Diseases Endo
and Ectoparasites Mainly Mammal
Π
. 1151
24.1
Metazoan Endoparasites
. 1151
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
. 1
Class Trematoda,
Trematodes
or Flukes
. 1151
.2
Class Cestoda
-
Tapeworms
. 1155
.3
Cysticercosis
-
Bladderworm
. 1157
.4
Sparganosis
. 1159
.5
Phylum Nematoda
-
Nematode Worms
. 1160
.6
Order Filarioidea
-
Filariid Worms
. 1168
.7
Trichinosis
. 1168
Contents xxi
24.1.8
Other Filariids
. 1170
24.2
Arthropod Parasites
. 1173
24.2.1
Warble,
Bot,
or Gad Flies
. 1173
24.2.2
Calliphorid Flies
. 1179
24.2.3
Ectoparasites
. 1180
24.3
Commensal Faunas
. ] 189
25
Epidemic Disease in African History I: Micro and Macro Parasites,
Zoonoses, Introduction, Viral and
Protozoái
Diseases
. 1191
25.1
Introduction
. 1191
25.2
Influenza
. 1201
25.3
The "New" Diseases
. 1202
25.4
Rickettsias
. 1205
25.4.1
Tropical Typhus
. 1206
25.5
Spirocrnetes
. 1208
25.6
Viral Diseases
. 1209
25.6.1
Family Retroviridae
. 1209
25.6.2
Family Herpesviridae
. 1212
25.7
Arboviruses
. 1212
25.7.1
Family Togaviridae
. 1213
25.7.2
Family Flaviviridae
. 1214
25.7.3
Family Arenaviridae
.
І2І5
25.7.4
Family Bunyaviridae
. 1217
25.7.5
Family Hantaviridae
. 1218
25.7.6
Family Filoviridae
. 1219
25.8
Bunyavirus-Like Viruses
. 1224
25.9
Protozoa
. 1224
25.9.1
Malaria
. 1224
25.10
Rodents and Disease
. 1227
25.11
Notes
. 1227
26
Epidemic Disease in African History II: Viral Diseases
. 1229
26.1
Early West African Diseases
. 1229
26.2
Epidemic Smallpox
. 1230
26.2.1
Introduction
. 1230
26.2.2
The Locus of Origin
. 1231
26.2.3
Early History
. 1232
26.2.4
Smallpox in Africa
. 1236
26.2.5
Ethiopia
. 1237
26.2.6
Sudan
. 1238
26.2.7
East Africa
. 1240
26.2.8
West Africa
. 1245
26.2.9
Southern Africa
. 1251
26.2.10
Africa-Wide
. 1253
26.3
Yellow Fever
. 1254
26.3.1
Introduction
. 1254
Contents
27
28
26.3.2
Early History
.
26.3.3
Etiology
26.4
Notes
.
Epidemic Disease in African History III: Bacterial and Higher
Order Infections
.
27.1
Epidemic Cholera
.
27.1.1
Ecology and Epidemiology
.
27.1.2
Early Origins
.
27.1.3
The Indian Source
.
27.1.4
Africa
.
Cerebrospinal
Meningitis
.
Typhoid
.
Onchocerciasis or River Blindness
.
The Sand Flea or Jigger
.
Notes
.
27.2
27.3
27.4
27.5
27.6
Epidemic Disease in African History IV: Bubonic
and Pneumonic Plague
.
28.1
28.2
28.3
28.4
28.5
28.6
28.7
28.8
28.9
28.10
28.11
Introduction
.
Ecology and Epidemiology
.
28.2.1
The Bacillus
.
28.2.2
The Flea
.
28.2.3
The Rat
.
yCtiology of the Black Death
.
Periodicity
.
Famine and Plague
.
Ancient Plagues
.
The Justinian Plague
.
28.7.1
India and China
.
Continuation of Plague in the Mediterranean and Middle East
North Africa
.
Egypt
.
Plague in the Rest of Africa from
A.D. 1400.
28.
28.
28.
28.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
28.
28.
28.11.7
28.11.8
Ethiopia
.
East Africa
. . .
Kenya
.
Uganda
.,
Tanzania
Central Africa
.
South Africa
. .
West Africa
. .
28.12
The Connection of Rats with Plague
.
1258
1267
1272
1273
1273
1273
1278
1279
1282
1299
1300
1301
1303
1305
1307
1307
1310
1310
1312
1315
1319
1320
1321
1321
1323
1326
1328
1329
1331
1336
1336
1337
1343
1346
1349
1352
1352
1355
1359
Contents xxiii
28.13
Control
. 1362
28.14 Notes. 1362
Part V Conclusion
. 1365
29
Man's Place in the Ecology of Africa
. 1367
29.1
Introduction
. 1367
29.2
Stone Age Populations
. 1369
29.3
Advent of the Iron Age
. 1370
29.4
Pastoralism
. 1371
29.5
Corridors and Disease
. 1375
29.6
Species' Decline
. 1383
29.7
Human Population Trends
. 1389
29.8
The Destruction of Lake Victoria
. 1394
29.9
The Tragedy of Lake Naivasha
. 1396
29.10
River Destruction
. 1397
29.11
Effects of Epidemic Diseases
. 1398
29.12
Notes
. 1401
Appendices
. 1403
Appendix I: Age of Baobabs
. 1405
Appendix II: African Mammal Trypanosome Host-parasite List
. 1413
References
. 1417
Index
. 1541 |
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| id | DE-604.BV039975188 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-21T00:28:31Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3642228712 9783642228711 |
| language | German |
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| publishDate | 2012 |
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| publisher | Springer |
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| spelling | Spinage, Clive A. Verfasser aut African ecology benchmarks and historical perspectives Clive A. Spinage Heidelberg [u.a.] Springer 2012 XLI, 1562 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Springer geography Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 gnd rswk-swf Umweltveränderung (DE-588)4304982-5 gnd rswk-swf Historische Ökologie (DE-588)4410319-0 gnd rswk-swf Afrika (DE-588)4000695-5 gnd rswk-swf Afrika (DE-588)4000695-5 g Historische Ökologie (DE-588)4410319-0 s DE-604 Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 s Umweltveränderung (DE-588)4304982-5 s Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-642-22872-8 X:MVB text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3850557&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024832628&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Spinage, Clive A. African ecology benchmarks and historical perspectives Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 gnd Umweltveränderung (DE-588)4304982-5 gnd Historische Ökologie (DE-588)4410319-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4043207-5 (DE-588)4304982-5 (DE-588)4410319-0 (DE-588)4000695-5 |
| title | African ecology benchmarks and historical perspectives |
| title_auth | African ecology benchmarks and historical perspectives |
| title_exact_search | African ecology benchmarks and historical perspectives |
| title_full | African ecology benchmarks and historical perspectives Clive A. Spinage |
| title_fullStr | African ecology benchmarks and historical perspectives Clive A. Spinage |
| title_full_unstemmed | African ecology benchmarks and historical perspectives Clive A. Spinage |
| title_short | African ecology |
| title_sort | african ecology benchmarks and historical perspectives |
| title_sub | benchmarks and historical perspectives |
| topic | Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 gnd Umweltveränderung (DE-588)4304982-5 gnd Historische Ökologie (DE-588)4410319-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Ökologie Umweltveränderung Historische Ökologie Afrika |
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