Mastitis in dairy cows:
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Philadelphia [u.a.]
Saunders
2012
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| Schriftenreihe: | The veterinary clinics of North America / Food animal practice
28,2 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XII, S. 150 - 390 Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9781455739547 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Mastitis in dairy cows |c guest ed.: Pamela L. Ruegg |
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| 300 | |a XII, S. 150 - 390 |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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| 490 | 1 | |a The veterinary clinics of North America / Food animal practice |v 28,2 | |
| 650 | 7 | |a cattle |2 cabt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a cattle diseases |2 cabt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a dairy cows |2 cabt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a mastitis |2 cabt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a cattle husbandry |2 cabt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a preventive nutrition |2 cabt | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ruegg, Pamela L. |4 edt | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804148854089580544 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Mastitis in dairy cows
Autor: Ruegg, Pamela L
Jahr: 2012
Mastitis in Dairy Cows
Contents
Preface: Mastitis in Dairy Cows
Pamela L. Ruegg
XI
New Perspectives in Udder Health Management
Pamela L. Ruegg
149
The nature of mastitis is changing, and environmental mastitis patho-
gens cause most cases of mastitis on many modern dairy farms. These
pathogens often cause mild cases but can become host adapted and
behave similar to contagious pathogens. Clinical mastitis is often more
difficult to monitor than subclinical disease, and successful control
programs are based on effective detection, proper diagnosis, and
identification of cow-level risk factors that influence treatment out-
comes. Barriers to improvement of milk quality are often related to
failure to motivate farm personnel. Development of integrated udder
health plans and increased involvement in udder health programs are
potential growth areas for veterinary practitioners.
Antibiotics are used in the dairy industry for the prevention and control
of mastitis and other diseases affecting dairy cows. Scientific evidence
does not support widespread, emerging resistance among mastitis
pathogens to antibacterial drugs even though many of these antibiotics
have been used in the dairy industry for treatment and prevention of
disease for several decades. However, it is clear that use of antibiotics
in dairy cows can contribute to increased antimicrobial resistance. The
use of antibiotics at times when animals are susceptible to new
infection is a sound management decision and a prudent use of
antibiotics on the farm.
The dairy practitioner has a speciál opportunity to influence both the
types and quality of mastitis microbiology diagnostic services to
support his or her practice. Recommended good laboratory practices,
including rigorous use of secondary confirmation testing, specialty
selective culture media, and strategie use of enhancement techniques,
can significantly impact both sensitivity and specificity of mastitis
pathogen detection. Natural variation in shedding patterns of various
mastitis pathogens from infected quarters will influence these choices.
Bulk tank culture, routine monitoring for contagious pathogens at
Antimicrobial Resistance of Mastitis Pathogens
Stephen P. Oliver and Shelton E. Murinda
165
The Role of Diagnostic Microbiology in Mastitis Control Programs
Allan M. Britten
187
Contents
freshening, and culture based treatment decisions, should be standard
service recommendations for all dairymen.
Update on Control of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae
for Management of Mastitis
Greg Keefe
The primary method of spread for S agalactiae and S aureus is from
cow to cow. Control is accomplished by decreasing new infections,
primarily by milking-time management, and reducing the reservoir of
infection in the herd. Adherence to NMC protocols including pre- and
post-milking teat disinfection and blanket dry cow therapy will decrease
prevalence. There is growing evidence that use of milking gloves is an
integrál part of contagious mastitis control and the production of
high-quality milk. Herds should be closed or have rigorous biosecurity
protocols to prevent introduction of novel strains of contagious mastitis
pathogens.
Managing Environmental Mastitis
Joe Hogan and K. Larry Smith
Environmental mastitis pathogens are the primary agents of infectious
mastitis in most well-managed dairy herds. Coliforms and environmen-
tal streptococci reside virtually everywhere in the cows environment,
with bedding and manure among the primary point sources of these
bacteria. Rates of new infections caused by environmental mastitis
pathogens are greatest during the dry period and early lactation. The
thrust of herd management strategies for controlling environmental
mastitis should focus on reducing intramammary infections during the
dry period and early to peak lactation by reducing the exposure of cows
to the pathogens and enhancing the ability of cows to combat the
infections.
Mycoplasma Mastitis Causes, Transmission, and Control
Lawrence K. Fox
Mycoplasma sp are emerging mastitis pathogens. The increase in
preyalence of Mycoplasma mastitis has been marked over the past
decade and appears to be related to increasing herd size and the
associated importation of cattle into herds. Evidence points to the
importance of asymptomatic carriage as part of the transmission of this
disease and nasal discharges are implicated as a major component of
transmission. Control strategies are strict milking time hygiene and teat
dip. Monitoring the herd prevalence of Mycoplasma mastitis through
bulk tank cultures is advocated, although a test and slaughter method
to control this disease may not be necessary.
Contents vii
The Other Gram-Negative Bacteria in Mastitis: Klebsiella, Serratia, and
More 239
Ynte Schukkeri, Matt Chuff, Paolo Moroni, Abhijit Gurjar, Carlos Santisteban,
Frank Welcome, and Ruth Zadoks
A number of emerging pathogens appear to increase in importance for
bovine mastitis. Klebsiella spp are considered opportunistic pathogens
for humans and animals. Klebsiella spp have also been reported as an
increasingly important cause of clinical mastitis in the United States and
other countries. Clinical mastitis due to Klebsiella infection results in
high milk loss and high mortality of the affected cows. Prevention of
infections through reduction of exposure has been the cornerstone of
Klebsiella mastitis control on dairy farms. However, contagious behav-
ior of Klebsiella spp intramammary infections may occur. Similarly,
there has been an increase in other persistent gram-negative infections.
Vaccination Strategies for Mastitis 257
R.J. Erskine
Prevention of exposure is the foundation of infectious disease control
programs, including mastitis. The tenets of mastitis prevention are
maintaining cows in a clean, dry, comfortable environment and ensur-
ing that recommended milking practices are consistently followed.
Under the proper circumstances, vaccination can augment a herd
mastitis control program. However, vaccination is essentially an insur-
ance policy to mitigate losses. Thus, veterinarians who counsel dairy
producers on mastitis vaccination programs should be able to assess
the need, evaluate the available vaccines that could help resolve the
problém, and establish a program that balances applied immunology
with logistical reality of the dairy operation.
Treatment of Clinical Mastitis 271
Jerry R. Roberson
Decision making in clinical mastitis management requires determining
the severity level of each case. Treatment decisions should be based on
culture results, and such results can be obtained within 1 day. Making
treatment decisions based on culture results allows the practitioner the
most justified and judicious use of animal medications. Nearly 50% of
all clinical mastitis cases are treated inappropriately or unnecessarily.
Although there are many treatments for clinical mastitis, good scientific
studies demonstrating the efficacy of most treatments are lacking.
Assessment and Management of Pain in Dairy Cows with Clinical Mastitis 289
Kenneth E. Leslie and Christina S. Petersson-Wolfe
Clinical mastitis has severe detrimental effects on the animal and
negative economic impacts for dairy producers. However, pain asso-
ciated with clinical mastitis, generally, is not measured and not treated.
viii Contents
New technologies may allow dairy producers to identity clinical mastitis
in its very early stages, or even before clinical changes occur. With this
opportunity tor very early detection of infection, there is a potential for
early intervention. As the health and well-being of dairy cattle continue
to be scrutinized by consumer groups, it is essential that the alleviation
of any perceived pain or discomfort associated with clinical mastitis be
addressed.
The Role of the Milking Machine in Mastitis Control 307
Graeme A, Mein
Most new infections (Nis) are caused by factors other than the milking
machine. Direct and indirect milking machine effects may account for
up to 20% of Nis in some herds and about 10% in most herds. Mastitis
risk is reduced by keeping bacterial numbers low. Healthy teat-ends
reduce the infection risk. NI rates are reduced by pulsation character-
istics which provide effective teat massage. Poor machine settings or
management conditions can increase the risk of Nis. New research has
shown there is no need to leave clusters on cows in an attempt to
empty the udder completely at every milking.
Stray Voltage and Milk Quality: A Review 321
Douglas J. Reinemann
This article provides a comprehensive review of research conducted to
investigate the effects of electrical exposure (stray voltage) on mastitis,
milk composition, and dairy cow health. Although the perception that
stray voltage can result in increased somatic cell count (SCC) and
incidence of mastitis and suppress dairy cows immune systém, these
outcomes have not been observed in a large number of controlled
studies with exposures exceeding 8 V. This body of research confirms
the 1991 conclusion of a group of national experts who agreed that
while exposure to stray voltage at levels of 2 V to 4 V may be a mild
strassor to some dairy cows, it will not contribute to increased SCC or
incidence of mastitis or reduced milk yield.
Using Mastitis Records and Somatic Cell Count Data 347
Daviidl A. Rhóda and José CF. Pantoja
Orv-famm records are essential for managing mastitis in dairy herds.
fttesBtiis records are a useful tool for caring for an individual cow, to
monitor oommpiance of farní personnel working with groups of animals,
to umdtersltand the epidemiology of mastitis in the herd, to ensure
iresponsibte drug utilization, and to document accountability in care of
Ute ocm. Herds have become larger and more people are involved with
SnriiwdliJial aniirnall care. This article describes a records pian that can be
uised to mcritar mastitis at the herd level, aid in decision-making
procešeš for andiivkiual cows. and improve drug use on dairy herds.
Contents ix
The Role of Communication in Improving Udder Health 363
Jolanda Jansen and Theo J.G.M. Lam
This article gives insight into farmers behavior and mindset toward
mastitis management and into the way these can be affected by
communication strategies. Eiements of farmer mindset are important
determining factors in executing mastitis control, including perceived
severity and perceived efficacy of mastitis management measures.
Veterinary practitioners can be important intermediaries in communi-
cation about udder health, provided that they are aware of their role as
proactive advisor and apply the accompanying communication skills.
Prevention of complex diseases such as mastitis requires customized
communication strategies as well as an integrated approach between
various stakeholders and different scientific disciplines.
Index
381
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| spelling | Mastitis in dairy cows guest ed.: Pamela L. Ruegg Philadelphia [u.a.] Saunders 2012 XII, S. 150 - 390 Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The veterinary clinics of North America / Food animal practice 28,2 cattle cabt cattle diseases cabt dairy cows cabt mastitis cabt cattle husbandry cabt preventive nutrition cabt Ruegg, Pamela L. edt Food animal practice <<The>> veterinary clinics of North America 28,2 (DE-604)BV000015564 28,2 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024760199&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Mastitis in dairy cows cattle cabt cattle diseases cabt dairy cows cabt mastitis cabt cattle husbandry cabt preventive nutrition cabt |
| title | Mastitis in dairy cows |
| title_auth | Mastitis in dairy cows |
| title_exact_search | Mastitis in dairy cows |
| title_full | Mastitis in dairy cows guest ed.: Pamela L. Ruegg |
| title_fullStr | Mastitis in dairy cows guest ed.: Pamela L. Ruegg |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mastitis in dairy cows guest ed.: Pamela L. Ruegg |
| title_short | Mastitis in dairy cows |
| title_sort | mastitis in dairy cows |
| topic | cattle cabt cattle diseases cabt dairy cows cabt mastitis cabt cattle husbandry cabt preventive nutrition cabt |
| topic_facet | cattle cattle diseases dairy cows mastitis cattle husbandry preventive nutrition |
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