Spanish in New York: language contact, dialectal leveling, and structural continuity
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Oxford [u.a.]
Oxford Univ. Press
2011
|
| Series: | Oxford studies in sociolinguistics
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Item Description: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Physical Description: | XVIII, 299 S. |
| ISBN: | 9780199737406 9780199737390 |
Staff View
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Spanish in New York |b language contact, dialectal leveling, and structural continuity |c Ricardo Otheguy and Ana Celia Zentella |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Spanisch | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Spanish language |x Provincialisms |z New York (State) |z New York | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Spanish language |x Pronoun | |
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Record in the Search Index
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|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
Preface
xiii
Acknowledgments
xvii
Abbreviations
xix
1.
Continuity, Language Contact, and Dialectal Leveling in Spanish
in New York
3
1.
Introduction
3
2.
Variable Subject Pronoun Use
6
2.1
An Initial Illustration
6
2.2
A Note on Conceptualization and Accompanying
Terminology
8
3.
Language Contact and Dialectal Leveling in Spanish in New York
10
3.1
Language Contact
10
3.2
Dialectal Leveling
18
3.3
Variation and Explanation in Performance Grammar
2
і
4.
The Sample and the Corpus
22
5.
Summary and Conclusions
24
2.
Interviews and Transcripts
25
1.
Introduction
25
2.
Stratification of the Sample
25
2.1
Gender
28
2.2
Age
28
2.3
National and Regional Origin
28
2.4
Generational Cohorts
30
2.5
Age of Arrival in New York
31
2.6
Years Lived in NYC
32
2.7
Immigrant Newcomers, Established Immigrants,
and the NYR
33
2.8
Social Class
34
2.9
Educational Attainment
34
2.10
English Skills
35
2.11
Level of Use of Spanish
35
3. Cross-Stratification
of the Sample
36
3.1
Region and Gender
36
3.2
Region and Generation
37
3.3
Region and Age of Arrival
38
3.4
Region and Years in NYC
38
3.5
Region and Exposure
39
4.
The Interviews and the Transcripts
39
4.1
General Characteristics of the Transcripts
39
4.2
Amount of Talk by Consultants
40
4.3
Transcription Using Conventional Orthography
40
4.4
Accepting and Rejecting Interviews
41
4.5
Labeling Interviews and Transcripts
41
5.
Summary and Conclusions
43
3.
The Envelope of Variation and the Formation of the Corpus
45
1.
Introduction
45
1.1
Categorical and Variable Contexts
45
1.2
The Principle of Accountability and the Nature of Variable
Data
47
2.
Requirements for Bare Verbs to be Included in the Corpus
48
2.1
An Available Subject Slot
48
2.2
An Ascertainable Denotational Subject SI
2.3
Denoting an Animate Entity
53
3.
Requirements for Pronouns to be Included in the Corpus
55
3.1
Exclude False Starts
56
3.2
Exclude Left Dislocations
57
3.3
Exclude Logophoric X-Forms
57
3.4
Two Statistical Inconsistencies
58
4.
Decisions Regarding Incorporation Based on Types of Contexts,
Not on Individual Occurrences
59
5.
A Fully Contextualized Illustration of Decisions Regarding
the Corpus
64
6.
Summary and Conclusions
66
4.
The Pronoun Rate: Delineating New York Latino Communities
68
1.
Introduction
68
2.
Similarities and Differences in the Use of Pronouns by Basic
Demographic Groups
69
2.1
Gender, Age, Education, and Social Class
69
2.2
Socioeconomic Status
(SES)
71
3.
National and Regional Origins
71
4.
Regional Differences and the Pronoun Rate in the Basic
Demographic Groups
75
[viii]
Contents
5.
The Group and the Individual
76
6.
The Corpus, the City, and the Nature of Statistical Inference
81
7.
Summary and Conclusions
84
5.
Language Contact in Spanish in New York
85
1.
Introduction
85
2.
Lect, Generation, Exposure
87
2.1
Lect: The Reference Lects and the Bilingual Lects
87
2.2
Generation: The Latin American Raised and the New York
Raised
87
2.3
Exposure: Immigrant Newcomers, Established Immigrants,
and the NYR
90
3.
English Proficiency Groups
91
3.1
Rating English Proficiency as Excellent versus Less Than
Excellent
91
3.2
Language Choice with Interlocutors and the English Proficiency
Groups
93
3.3
Language Choice in Domains and the English Proficiency
Groups
94
3.4
Spanish Proficiency and the Pronoun Rate
95
3.5
Spanish Proficiency and Linguistic Insecurity
97
4.
Pronoun Rate Differences in the Regional and
SES Subsamples
98
4.1
Exposure and English Proficiency among Caribbeans
99
4.2
Exposure and English Proficiency among
Mainlanders 100
4.3
Exposure and English Proficiency among Lower
SES
Consultants
J
00
4.4
Exposure and English Proficiency among Higher
SES
Consultants
JOJ
4.5
Stable Variation or Contact-Induced Change
101
5.
The Group and the Individual
102
6.
Summary and Conclusions
103
6.
Dialectal Leveling in Spanish in New York
1
OS
1.
Introduction
1
OS
2.
Differences between the Exposure Groups
J
08
3.
Differences between Consultants with In-Group versus Out-Group
Orientations
109
3.1
Orientation Groups
109
3.2
Cross-Orientation Groups 111
4.
Predictions Regarding the Direction of Dialectal Leveling
in New York JJ3
5.
Evidence for Direction of Leveling Based on Orientation and
Exposure
J J
6
Contents
[ix]
6.
Evidence for Direction
of Leveling Based on the Usage of Core
Demographic Groups
117
6.1
Groupings Indicative of a Change in Progress
117
6.2
Groupings Not Directly Associated with Change
121
6.3
A Word of Caution: The Problem of Imported Differences
122
7.
Summary and Conclusions
123
7.
A Multivariate Approach to Continuity, Contact, and Leveling
126
1.
Introduction
126
2.
Reconceptualizing the Grouping Criteria and the Pronoun Rate
as Variables
127
3.
Ranking the Independent Variables According to Individual
Divariate
Correlations
129
4.
A Multivariate Regression Analysis of Language Contact and Dialect
Leveling
130
4.1
Multivariate Regressions on Rate for the Whole Sample
132
4.2
Multivariate Regressions on Rate for the Regional
Subsamples
і
35
5.
Interpreting Multivariate Regression Results: Continuity and Change
in Spanish in New York
139
5.1
Spanish in New York City as a Whole
139
5.2
Spanish in New York City Regional Groups
143
6.
Summary and Conclusions
J
45
6.1
Why Are Pronouns Distributed as They Are Regionally?
J
46
6.2
Why Is the Element of Continuity Stronger Than That of
Change?
148
6.3
Why Does Language Contact Exert More Influence on Change Than
Dialectal Leveling?
148
8.
Internal Evidence for Continuity and Contact
J
5
J
1.
Introduction
15
і
2.
Grammatical and Discourse-Communicative Variables
in the Study
155
3.
Variable Hierarchies
J
5 7
3.1
The Use of Logistic Regression to Construct Variable
Hierarchies
158
3.2
Continuity in Spanish in New York: Variable Hierarchies across
the Exposure Groups
159
4.
Continuity and Change in Spanish in New York: Constraint
Hierarchies
161
4.1
The Use of Logistic Regression to Construct Constraint
Hierarchies
161
4.2
Constraint Hierarchies for Person, Reference, Tense, Clause,
Lexical, Reflexive, and CodaS
162
[x] Contents
4.3
A Predictive Approach to Comparisons between Constraint
Hierarchies
167
4.4
Constraint Hierarchy for Person
169
5.
Interpretation and Explanation
171
5.1
Continuity Reflected in Variable Hierarchies
171
5.2
Continuity Reflected in Constraint Hierarchies
і
73
5.3
Cross-Generational Change in Spanish in New York
1
7S
6.
Summary and Conclusions
177
9.
Internal Evidence for Continuity and Leveling
178
1.
Introduction
178
2.
The Baseline of the Reference Lects
1 78
2.1
Caribbean and Mainland Newcomers: Variable Hierarchies
179
2.2
Caribbean and Mainland Newcomers: Ranking in Constraint
Hierarchies
і
79
2.3
Caribbean and Mainland Newcomers: Ranges in Constraint
Hierarchies
180
3.
Continuity in Spanish in New York: Variable Hierarchies
181
4.
A Predictive Approach to the Evolution of Constraint Hierarchies
in a Leveling Context
J
82
5.
Regional Continuity and Change in New York: Rankings and Ranges
in Constraint Hierarchies
183
5.1
Reference, Reflexive, Tense, and CodaS: Same Ranking, Narrower
Range Difference
185
5.2
Lexical: Same Ranking, Wider Range Difference
J
89
5.3
Clause: Different Ranking, Same Range Difference
189
5.4
Person: Changes in Range Differences and Rank Orders
і
90
5.5
Changes in Constraints in Five Variables
193
6.
Summary and Conclusions
195
10.
The Grammars of Bilinguals in New York
200
1.
Introduction
200
2.
Simplification and Incomplete Acquisition
202
3.
The Grammars of High Pronoun Users
207
4.
Summary and Conclusions
213
Concluding Remarks: Spanish in New York:
Aquí se habla español
21
S
Appendix
1:
Questionnaire
221
Appendix
2:
Coding Manual
225
References
275
Index
287
Contenţi
[xi]
OXFORD STUDIES IN
S O C I O LI N G U I S T IC S
Spanish in New York is a groundbreaking sociolinguistic analysis or immigrant bilingualism
in a U.S. setting. Drawing on one or the largest corpora of spoken Spanish ever assembled
for a single city, Otheguy and
Zentella
demonstrate the extent to which the language of
latinos in New York City represents a continuation of structural variation as it is found in
Latin America, as well as the extent to which Spanish has evolved in New York City. Their
study, which focuses on language contact, dialectal leveling, and structural continuity, care¬
fully distinguishes between the influence of English and the mutual influences of forms of
Spanish with roots in different parts of Latin America.
Hiking
variationist sociolinguistics
as its guiding paradigm, the book compares the Spanish
of New Yorkers born in Latin America with that of those born in New York City. Findings are
grounded in a comparative analysis of
140
sociolinguistic interviews of speakers with origins
in Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Mexico and Puerto Rico. Quantitative
analysis (correlations, anovas, variable hierarchies, constraint hierarchies) reveals the effect
on the use of subject
personaj
pronouns of the speaker s gender, immigrant generation, years
spent in New York, and amount of exposure to English and to varieties of Spanish. In addi¬
tion to these speaker factors, structural and communicative variables, including the person
and tense of the verb and its referential status, have a significant impact on pronominal usage
in New York City.
Despite its technical sophistication, Spanish in New York is accessibly written. It will be
of interest to those studying bilingualism and
immigration, as
well as sociolinguists.
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Ricardo
Otheguy is Professor of Linguistics and Hispanic
&
Luso-Bra/ilian Literatures
&:
Languages, Graduate Center, City University of New York.
Ana
Celia
Zentella
is Professor
Emerita
of Ethnic Studies, University of California at San
Diego.
ISBN
978-0-19-973739-0
90000
OXPORD
www.oup.com
9 780199 73739
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Otheguy, Ricardo 1945- Zentella, Ana Celia |
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| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Oxford studies in sociolinguistics |
| spelling | Otheguy, Ricardo 1945- Verfasser (DE-588)141414553 aut Spanish in New York language contact, dialectal leveling, and structural continuity Ricardo Otheguy and Ana Celia Zentella Oxford [u.a.] Oxford Univ. Press 2011 XVIII, 299 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Oxford studies in sociolinguistics Includes bibliographical references and index Spanisch Spanish language Provincialisms New York (State) New York Spanish language Pronoun Spanish language Dialects New York (State) New York Bilingualism New York (State) New York Spanisch (DE-588)4077640-2 gnd rswk-swf New York, NY (DE-588)4042011-5 gnd rswk-swf New York, NY (DE-588)4042011-5 g Spanisch (DE-588)4077640-2 s DE-604 Zentella, Ana Celia Verfasser aut Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-19-991862-1 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024697481&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024697481&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Otheguy, Ricardo 1945- Zentella, Ana Celia Spanish in New York language contact, dialectal leveling, and structural continuity Spanisch Spanish language Provincialisms New York (State) New York Spanish language Pronoun Spanish language Dialects New York (State) New York Bilingualism New York (State) New York Spanisch (DE-588)4077640-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4077640-2 (DE-588)4042011-5 |
| title | Spanish in New York language contact, dialectal leveling, and structural continuity |
| title_auth | Spanish in New York language contact, dialectal leveling, and structural continuity |
| title_exact_search | Spanish in New York language contact, dialectal leveling, and structural continuity |
| title_full | Spanish in New York language contact, dialectal leveling, and structural continuity Ricardo Otheguy and Ana Celia Zentella |
| title_fullStr | Spanish in New York language contact, dialectal leveling, and structural continuity Ricardo Otheguy and Ana Celia Zentella |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spanish in New York language contact, dialectal leveling, and structural continuity Ricardo Otheguy and Ana Celia Zentella |
| title_short | Spanish in New York |
| title_sort | spanish in new york language contact dialectal leveling and structural continuity |
| title_sub | language contact, dialectal leveling, and structural continuity |
| topic | Spanisch Spanish language Provincialisms New York (State) New York Spanish language Pronoun Spanish language Dialects New York (State) New York Bilingualism New York (State) New York Spanisch (DE-588)4077640-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Spanisch Spanish language Provincialisms New York (State) New York Spanish language Pronoun Spanish language Dialects New York (State) New York Bilingualism New York (State) New York New York, NY |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024697481&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024697481&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT otheguyricardo spanishinnewyorklanguagecontactdialectallevelingandstructuralcontinuity AT zentellaanacelia spanishinnewyorklanguagecontactdialectallevelingandstructuralcontinuity |