Hydrogen and fuel cells: emerging technologies and applications
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Amsterdam [u.a.]
Elsevier, Academic Press
2012
|
| Edition: | 2. ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Physical Description: | XIV, 492 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9780123877093 |
Staff View
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804148758358786048 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface
v
Contents
vii
Units and conversion factors
xii
1.
Introduction
1
1.1
Possible role of fuel cells and hydrogen
1
2.
Hydrogen
5
2.1
Production of hydrogen
5
2.1.1
Steam reforming
6
2.1.2
Partial oxidation,
autothermal
and dry reforming
10
2.1.3
Water electrolysis: reverse fuel cell operation
11
2.1.4
Gasification and woody biomass conversion
21
2.1.5
Biological hydrogen production
26
Photosynthesis, Bio-hydrogen production pathways,
Hydrogen production by purple bacteria, Fermentation
and other processes in the dark, Industrial-scale produc¬
tion of bio-hydrogen
2.1.6
Photodissociation
43
2.1.7
Direct thermal or catalytic splitting of water
50
2.2
Issues related to scale of production
51
2.2.1
Centralised hydrogen production
51
2.2.2
Distributed hydrogen production
52
2.2.3
Vehicle on-board fuel reforming
52
Production of
methanol, Methanol-to-hydrogen
conversion
2.3
Hydrogen conversion overview
59
2.3.1
Uses as an energy carrier
59
2.3.2
Uses as an energy storage medium
60
2.3.3
Combustion uses
60
2.3.4
Stationary fuel cell uses
64
2.3.5
Fuel cell uses for transportation
64
2.3.6
Direct uses
64
2.4
Hydrogen storage options
65
2.4.1
Compressed gas storage
66
2.4.2
Liquid hydrogen storage
70
2.4.3
Hydride storage
71
Cont&nty
Chemical
thermodynamics, Metal hydrides, Complex
hydrides, Modelling metal hydrides
2.4.4
Cryo-adsorbed gas storage in carbon materials
89
2.4.5
Other chemical storage options
90
2.4.6
Comparing storage options
90
2.5
Hydrogen transmission
92
2.5.1
Container transport
92
2.5.2
Pipeline transport
93
2.6
Problems and discussion topics
94
3.
Fuel cells
95
3.1
Basic concepts
95
3.1.1
Electrochemistry and thermodynamics of fuel cells
95
Electrochemical device definitions, Fuel cells
3.1.2
Modelling aspects
106
3.1.3
Quantum chemistry approaches
Hartree-Fock approximation, Basis sets and molecular
orbitais,
Higher interactions and excited states: Meller-
Plesset perturbation theory or density function phenome-
nological approach?
3.1.4
Application to water splitting or fuel cell
performance at a metal surface
122
3.1.5
Flow and diffusion modelling I35
3.1.6
The temperature factor
139
3.2
Molten carbonate cells
140
3.3
Solid oxide cells
143
3.4
Acid and alkaline cells
158
3.5
Proton exchange membrane cells
163
3.5.1
Current collectors and gas delivery system
165
3.5.2
Gas diffusion layers
169
3.5.3
Membrane layer I75
3.5.4
Catalyst action I81
3.5.5
Overall performance
186
3.5.6
High-temperature and reverse operation
187
3.5.7
Degradation and lifetime
190
Сстґ&пґу
3.6
Direct methanol
and other non-hydrogen cells
191
3.7
Biofuel
cells
197
3.8
Problems and discussion topics
200
4.
Systems
201
4.1
Passenger cars
201
4.1.1
Overall system options for passenger cars
201
4.1.2
РЕМ
fuel cell cars
204
4.1.3
Performance simulation
207
4.2
Other road vehicles
225
4.3
Ships, trains and airplanes
228
4.4
Power plants and stand-alone systems
233
4.5
Building-integrated systems
236
4.6
Portable and other small-scale systems
240
4.7
Problems and discussion topics
244
5.
Implementation scenarios
245
5.1
Infrastructure requirements
-45
5.1.1
Storage infrastructure 24c
5.1.2
Transmission infrastructure
24e
5.1.3
Local distribution
249
5.1.4
Filling stations
25η
5.1.5
Building-integrated concepts
251
5.2
Safety and norm issues
252
5.2.1
Safety concerns
252
5.2.2
Safety requirements
255
5.2.3
National and international standards
259
5.3
Scenarios based on fossil energy
260
5.3.1
Scenario techniques and demand modelling
260
5.3.2
Global clean fossil scenario
270
Clean fossil technologies, Fossil resource considerations,
The fossil scenario, Evaluation of the clean fossil scenario
Corvtenty
5.4
Scenarios based on nuclear energy
294
5.4.1
History and present concerns
294
5.4.2
Safe nuclear technologies
297
Inherently safe designs, Technical details of energy
amplifier, Nuclear resources assessment, Safe nuclear
scenario construction, Evaluation of the safe nuclear
scenario
5.5
Scenarios based on renewable energy
317
5.5.1
Global renewable energy scenarios
318
5.5.2
Detailed national renewable energy scenario
323
Danish energy demand in
2050,
Available renewable
resources, Construction of
2050
scenarios for Denmark,
Centralised scenario, Decentralised scenario. Assessment
of renewable energy scenarios
5.5.3
New regional scenarios
353
5.6
Problems and discussion topics
359
6.
Social implications
361
6.1
Cost expectations
361
6.1.1
Hydrogen production costs
361
6.1.2
Fuel cell costs
362
6.1.3
Hydrogen storage costs
368
6.1.4
Infrastructure costs
368
6.1.5
System costs
369
6.2
Life-cycle analysis of environmental and social impacts
372
6.2.1
Purpose and methodology of life-cycle analysis
373
6.2.2
Life-cycle analysis of hydrogen production
375
Conventional production by steam reforming, Production
by electrolysis, Direct bio-production of hydrogen from
cyanobacteria or algae, Impacts from use of genetically
engineered organisms, Hydrogen from fermentation of
biomass
6.2.3
Life-cycle analysis of fuel cells
381
SOFCs and MCFCs,
РЕМ
fuel cells
6.2.4
Life-cycle comparison of conventional passenger
car and passenger car with fuel cells
384
Environmental impact analysis, Social and economic
impact analysis, Overall assessment
6.2.5
Life-cycle assessment of other vehicles for
transportation
396
6.2.6
Life-cycle assessment of hydrogen storage and
infrastructure
398
6.2.7
Life-cycle assessment of hydrogen systems
399
6.3
Uncertainties
400
6.4
Problems and discussion topics
401
7.
Conclusion: a conditional outcome
403
7.1
Opportunities
403
7.2
Obstacles 405
7.3
The competition ¿q~
7.4
The way forward
,..
j
7
A.I Hydrogen storage in renewable energy systems 417
7.4.2
Fuel cell vehicles
... „
7 A3
Building-integrated fuel cells ,~n
7.4.4
Fuel cells in portable equipment -»i
7.4.5
Fuel cells in centralised power production 4~o
7.4.6
Efficiency considerations
4~з
7.4
How much time do we have? .»q
7.5
The end, and a beginning
. „
References
.„
435
IndeX
483
Energy/Engineering
HYDROGEN and FUEL CELLS
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS
SECOND EDITION
Bent Sorensen
Hydrogen has often been considered as a long-term solution to the environmental
and security problems associated with fossil fuels. However, before hydrogen
can be used as fuel on a global scale, we must establish cost-effective means
of producing, storing, and distributing it. Hydrogen and Fuel Cells is the only
text available that explores the economic and environmental implications of
utilizing hydrogen in energy applications, while providing up-to-date coverage
of conversion, transmission and storage technologies. It describes in detail the
techniques associated with hydrogen and fuel cell systems at a level suited for
both academic and professional use.
This new edition of renewable energy pioneer Bent Sorensen s practical reference
is updated to cover the recent developments in fuel cells being driven by
increasing commercialization. It features expanded coverage of hybrid systems
combining battery and fuel cell technologies to achieve performance and
economic viability not obtainable by either power source alone. Supported by
detailed illustrations and extensive references. Hydrogen and Fuel Cells provides
the pivotal information needed to gain a thorough understanding of how
these efficient energy sources can provide clean power for heat, electricity and
transportation.
DR. BENT S0RENSEN is professor emeritus of physics at Roskilde University
(Denmark) and president of
Novator
Advanced Technology Consulting. He has
held posts at University of California at Berkeley, National Renewable Energy
Laboratory and Yale University (USA), as well as Kyoto University (Japan),
University of Grenoble (France) and University of New South Wales (Australia).
He is the recipient of numerous awards and honors, including the prestigious
European Solar Prize.
RELATED TITLES
Sorensen, Renewable Energy, Fourth Edition,
978-0-12-375025-9
Mench, Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Degradation,
978-0-12-386936-4
Barbir,
РЕМ
Fuel Cells: Theory and Practice, Second Edition,
978-0-12-387710-9
ELSEVIER
Cover images
О
¡stock and Shutterstock
ISBN
470-0-12-387704-3
90000
ACADEMIC PRESS
An imprint of
Elsevier
elsevierdirect.com
|
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| author_GND | (DE-588)143763075 |
| author_facet | Sørensen, Bent 1941- |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV039822799 |
| classification_rvk | VN 6050 ZP 4150 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)774060371 (DE-599)GBV668968168 |
| dewey-full | 665.81 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 665 - Industrial oils, fats, waxes & gases |
| dewey-raw | 665.81 |
| dewey-search | 665.81 |
| dewey-sort | 3665.81 |
| dewey-tens | 660 - Chemical engineering |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Energietechnik |
| edition | 2. ed. |
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| id | DE-604.BV039822799 |
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| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:12:13Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780123877093 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2011038769 |
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| spelling | Sørensen, Bent 1941- Verfasser (DE-588)143763075 aut Hydrogen and fuel cells emerging technologies and applications Bent Sørensen 2. ed. Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier, Academic Press 2012 XIV, 492 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier aHydrogen as fuel aFuel cells Wasserstoffenergietechnik (DE-588)4121905-3 gnd rswk-swf Brennstoffzelle (DE-588)4008195-3 gnd rswk-swf Wasserstoffenergietechnik (DE-588)4121905-3 s Brennstoffzelle (DE-588)4008195-3 s 1\p DE-604 DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024682891&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024682891&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Sørensen, Bent 1941- Hydrogen and fuel cells emerging technologies and applications aHydrogen as fuel aFuel cells Wasserstoffenergietechnik (DE-588)4121905-3 gnd Brennstoffzelle (DE-588)4008195-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4121905-3 (DE-588)4008195-3 |
| title | Hydrogen and fuel cells emerging technologies and applications |
| title_auth | Hydrogen and fuel cells emerging technologies and applications |
| title_exact_search | Hydrogen and fuel cells emerging technologies and applications |
| title_full | Hydrogen and fuel cells emerging technologies and applications Bent Sørensen |
| title_fullStr | Hydrogen and fuel cells emerging technologies and applications Bent Sørensen |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hydrogen and fuel cells emerging technologies and applications Bent Sørensen |
| title_short | Hydrogen and fuel cells |
| title_sort | hydrogen and fuel cells emerging technologies and applications |
| title_sub | emerging technologies and applications |
| topic | aHydrogen as fuel aFuel cells Wasserstoffenergietechnik (DE-588)4121905-3 gnd Brennstoffzelle (DE-588)4008195-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | aHydrogen as fuel aFuel cells Wasserstoffenergietechnik Brennstoffzelle |
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