The double axe in Minoan Crete: an experimental study of production and use
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Thesis Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Oxford [u.a.]
Archaeopress
2011
|
| Series: | British archaeological reports / International series
2304 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | VIII, 140 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9781407308814 |
Staff View
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The double axe in Minoan Crete |b an experimental study of production and use |c Maria Lowe Fri |
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford [u.a.] |b Archaeopress |c 2011 | |
| 300 | |a VIII, 140 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a British archaeological reports / International series |v 2304 | |
| 502 | |a Teilw. zugl.: Stockholm, Univ., Diss., 2007 u.d.T.: Lowe Fri, Maria: The double axe in Minoan Cretea functional analysis of production and use | ||
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804148735520800769 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
List of figures
........................................................................................................................iv
List of tables
..........................................................................................................................vi
Acknowledgements
..............................................................................................................
vii
1.
INTRODUCTION
...........................................................................................................1
Previous research
..................................................................................................................1
Typologies
.................................................................................................................................................................... 1
Shape and function
.......................................................................................................................................................2
Aim
.......................................................................................................................................4
Method
...................................................................................................................................4
The study objects
..................................................................................................................5
2.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR DOUBLE AXE PRODUCTION
..............7
Metals
.....................................................................................................................................7
Copper and copper sources in Crete
...............................................................................................................7
Copper sources outside Crete
.........................................................................................................................9
Arsenic and arsenic-bronzes
...........................................................................................................................9
Tin and tin-bronzes
.......................................................................................................................................10
Manufacturing
......................................................................................................................11
Moulds
..........................................................................................................................................................11
Stone moulds
................................................................................................................................................11
Clay moulds
..................................................................................................................................................11
Metal moulds
................................................................................................................................................12
The flask technique (wooden moulds)
..........................................................................................................13
Other casting equipment
...............................................................................................................................14
Crucibles
.......................................................................................................................................................14
Bellows and
Tuyères
....................................................................................................................................15
Finishing treatments
.............................................................................................................15
Conclusions
..........................................................................................................................16
3.
ANALYSES OF MANUFACTURING
........................................................................18
Problems with the analytical and interpretative process
......................................................19
Casting and casting defects
..................................................................................................19
Casting joints
................................................................................................................................................20
Impressions of sand
......................................................................................................................................20
Scabs
.............................................................................................................................................................22
Dirt inclusions
..............................................................................................................................................22
Gas- and blowholes
......................................................................................................................................22
Traces of runners
..........................................................................................................................................23
Shrinkage cavities
.........................................................................................................................................24
Hot tears, hot cracks or cold tears
.................................................................................................................25
Cold lapping
.................................................................................................................................................26
Finishing treatments
.............................................................................................................26
A new typology?
...........................................................................................................................................27
The axe body
................................................................................................................................................
¿o
The long sides including the shaft hole
.........................................................................................................29
The cutting edges
..........................................................................................................................................
30
Decoration
............................................................................................................................31
Incised motifs
...............................................................................................................................................31
Cast motifs
....................................................................................................................................................
33
Conclusions
..........................................................................................................................34
4.
ANALYSES OF USE
.....................................................................................................35
Introduction to the analyses
.................................................................................................35
Metal analyses
......................................................................................................................36
Discussion
....................................................................................................................................................37
Use-wear on the cutting edges and the axe bodies
...............................................................39
Description and identification of use-wear on the cutting edges
...................................................................39
Description and identification of use-wear on the axe bodies
.......................................................................43
Results of study of use-wear
................................................................................................44
5.
EXPERIMENTS WITH MODERN CAST DOUBLE AXES
....................................46
Recording procedures of the experiments
............................................................................47
Manufacturing a modern double axe
....................................................................................47
Casting and casting defects
...........................................................................................................................48
Finishing treatments of the modern double axes
...........................................................................................49
Shafting
........................................................................................................................................................52
Chopping materials
..............................................................................................................53
Felling a Scotch fir tree
.................................................................................................................................55
Felling a birch tree
........................................................................................................................................56
Felling an oak tree
........................................................................................................................................57
Conclusions from felling trees
......................................................................................................................58
Dressing and splitting stone
..........................................................................................................................58
Conclusions from dressing and splitting stone
..............................................................................................60
Cutting up a lamb
.........................................................................................................................................60
Cutting cattle bones
......................................................................................................................................63
Conclusions from cutting up bones
...............................................................................................................64
Conclusions
..........................................................................................................................64
6.
USE AND USERS
..........................................................................................................66
The use of the Minoan double axes
......................................................................................67
Axes with dents on cutting edges and small degree of mushroom-edges (categories
1
and
1
A)
...................67
Axes with dents on cutting edges, an overall bluntness and mushroom-edges (categories
1, 1
A and
2) .....68
Axes with blunt cutting edges (categories
2,
2A and
3)................................................................................69
Axes with other types of use-wear
................................................................................................................71
Find locations and find contexts
..........................................................................................71
Mortuary contexts
.................................................................................................................................. 71
Habitation areas
................................................................................................. 72
Psychro cave
........................................................................................ 73
Uncertain find locations
............................................................................................................................ 74
Conclusions
............................................................................................... 74
7.
SUMMARY
....................................................................................................................75
8.
CATALOGUE
................................................................................................................78
Catalogue of studied double axes
.........................................................................................78
Catalogue of non-studied double axes
.................................................................................88
9.
GLOSSARY
....................................................................................................... 122
APPENDIX I. THE MODERN CAST DOUBLE AXES
.......................................... 125
APPENDIX II. OTHER MANUFACTURED TOOLS
............................................127
BIBLIOGRAPHY
..................................................................................................128
III
|
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| id | DE-604.BV039805813 |
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| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:11:52Z |
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| isbn | 9781407308814 |
| language | English |
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| physical | VIII, 140 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
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| publisher | Archaeopress |
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| series2 | British archaeological reports / International series |
| spelling | Lowe Fri, Maria 1973- Verfasser (DE-588)137304706 aut The double axe in Minoan Crete an experimental study of production and use Maria Lowe Fri Oxford [u.a.] Archaeopress 2011 VIII, 140 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier British archaeological reports / International series 2304 Teilw. zugl.: Stockholm, Univ., Diss., 2007 u.d.T.: Lowe Fri, Maria: The double axe in Minoan Cretea functional analysis of production and use Doppelaxt (DE-588)4221419-1 gnd rswk-swf Minoische Kultur (DE-588)4074845-5 gnd rswk-swf Kreta (DE-588)4073791-3 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Minoisches Kreta, historisch (DE-2581)TH000003498 gbd Kreta (DE-588)4073791-3 g Minoische Kultur (DE-588)4074845-5 s Doppelaxt (DE-588)4221419-1 s DE-604 International series British archaeological reports 2304 (DE-604)BV023549802 2304 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 3 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024666186&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Lowe Fri, Maria 1973- The double axe in Minoan Crete an experimental study of production and use Doppelaxt (DE-588)4221419-1 gnd Minoische Kultur (DE-588)4074845-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4221419-1 (DE-588)4074845-5 (DE-588)4073791-3 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | The double axe in Minoan Crete an experimental study of production and use |
| title_auth | The double axe in Minoan Crete an experimental study of production and use |
| title_exact_search | The double axe in Minoan Crete an experimental study of production and use |
| title_full | The double axe in Minoan Crete an experimental study of production and use Maria Lowe Fri |
| title_fullStr | The double axe in Minoan Crete an experimental study of production and use Maria Lowe Fri |
| title_full_unstemmed | The double axe in Minoan Crete an experimental study of production and use Maria Lowe Fri |
| title_short | The double axe in Minoan Crete |
| title_sort | the double axe in minoan crete an experimental study of production and use |
| title_sub | an experimental study of production and use |
| topic | Doppelaxt (DE-588)4221419-1 gnd Minoische Kultur (DE-588)4074845-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Doppelaxt Minoische Kultur Kreta Hochschulschrift |
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