Field evaluation of the error arising from inadequate time averaging in the standard use of depth-integrating suspended-sediment samplers:
Saved in:
| Format: | Book |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Reston, Va.
US Geological Survey
2011
|
| Series: | Professional paper / US Department of the Interior, US Geological Survey
1774 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | VII, 95 S. graph. Darst., kt. |
| ISBN: | 1411332636 9781411332638 |
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MARC
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Field Evaluation of the Error Arising from Inadequate
Time Averaging in the Standard Use of Depth-Integrating
Suspended-Sediment Samplers
By David J Topping, David M Rubin, Scott A Wright, and Theodore S Melis
Professional Paper 1774
U S Department of the Interior
U S Geological Survey
I l l
Contents g
forschenden 3esellschaft
Abstract 1
Introduction 1
Purpose and Scope 3
Acknowledgments 3
Study Sites 3
Theoretical Framework 5
Data 10
Analysis 14
At-a-Point Error 14
Effect of Changing Flow Conditions on the Mean At-a-Point Error 15
Depth-Integrated Error 25
Effect of Different Durations of Time Averaging on
Suspended-Sediment-Concentration Errors 26
Evaluation of Spatial Correlations Between Verticals and
Temporal Correlations at Verticals in a Cross Section 35
Combination of Temporal and Spatial Errors into an Estimate of the
Total Uncertainty in the Time-Averaged Velocity-Weighted
Suspended-Sediment Concentration in a Cross Section 38
Conclusions 48
References Cited 49
Appendix A Suspended-Sediment Data 53
Appendix B Cross-Stream Spatial Structures in Depth-Integrated Suspended-Sediment
Concentration in Noncomposited Nine-Vertical Measurements at the River-mile 30
Sediment Station and Lower Marble Canyon Gaging Station 87
Figures
1 Map of the Colorado River drainage basin showing the locations of the study sites 4
2 Sampling locations at the four study sites 6
3 Time-averaged sand flux, absolute value of the fluctuating component of the
sand flux, minimum sand flux, and maximum sand flux among point samples 9
4 Depiction of different equal-width-increment sampling designs in a
trapezoidal cross section 13
5 At-a-point error in the flux of each size class of sediment at different elevations
above the bed 16
6 Combined mean at-a-point error as a function of grain size forthe five datasets 25
7 Combined mean at-a-point error as a function of Rouse number for the five datasets 25
8 Comparison of the mean depth-integrated error in the velocity-weighted depth-integrated
suspended-sediment concentration in each size class and the mean at-a-point error
in the flux of each size class of sediment 27
9 Likely range in the ratio of mean depth-integrated error to mean at-a-point error
as a function of grain size in 10 cases 29
IV
10 Likely range in mean value among all 10 cases in figure 9 of the ratio of mean
depth-integrated errorto mean at-a-point error plotted as a function of grain size 30
11 Mean value of the mean at-a-point error among the five point-sample datasets,
and mean values of the mean number-of-transits errors calculated for the one-way,
two-way, and the various synthetic multitransit depth-integrated data plotted as a
function of grain size 32
12 Ratios between the mean values of the mean number-of-transits-errors in figure 11
associated with different numbers of transits plotted as a function of grain size 34
13 Examples of stable cross-stream spatial structures in depth-integrated
suspended-sand concentration 37
14 Examples of unstable cross-stream spatial structures in depth-integrated
suspended-silt-and-clay concentration 39
15 Comparison of number-of-verticals relative standard error, mean number-of-transits
relative standard error, and relative total uncertainty in equal-discharge-increment- or
equal-width-increment-measured suspended-sand concentration in a
simple trapezoidal channel 45
16 Examples of equal-width-increment-measured suspended-sand concentrations,
with error bars, for four different equal-width-increment sampling designs, showing key
steps in analysis of behaviors of total uncertainty and number-of-verticals error 46
17 Comparison of empirical and theoretical relations between nSE best and cumulative
probability or confidence interval for total uncertainty and number-of-verticals error 47
18 Evaluation of the dependence of nSE best associated with total uncertainty and
number-of-verticals error on the optimal concentration of agreement 48
B1-B8 Cross-stream spatial structures in depth-integrated
suspended-sediment concentration 88
Tables
1 Flow and sediment-supply conditions during the collection of point
suspended-sediment samples 11
2 Levels of statistical significance at which the at-a-point error in each size
class of sediment depends on elevation above the bed 20
3 Levels of statistical significance at which the at-a-point error at each elevation
above the bed depends on grain size 22
4 Combined mean at-a-point error in each size class ±1 standard error 23
5 Combined mean at-a-point error in each Rouse-number class ±1 standard error 24
6 Levels of statistical significance at which the mean depth-integrated error
depends on grain size 26
7 Levels of statistical significance at which groupings of the mean value of the
mean at-a-point error and various mean number-of-transits-errors plotted in
figure 11 are different in each sediment size class 33
8 Levels of statistical significance associated with correlations (1) in suspended-sediment
concentration between adjacent verticals in one measurement and (2) in cross-stream
spatial structures in suspended-sediment concentration between two
noncomposited nine-vertical measurements made hours apart on the same day 36
9 Results from random-number simulations to determine the behavior of the
standard-error form of the multivertical mean number-of-transits error 42
|
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| id | DE-604.BV039773455 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:11:09Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 1411332636 9781411332638 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024634392 |
| oclc_num | 756913552 |
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| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | VII, 95 S. graph. Darst., kt. |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publishDateSearch | 2011 |
| publishDateSort | 2011 |
| publisher | US Geological Survey |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Professional paper / US Department of the Interior, US Geological Survey |
| spelling | Field evaluation of the error arising from inadequate time averaging in the standard use of depth-integrating suspended-sediment samplers by David J. Topping ... Reston, Va. US Geological Survey 2011 VII, 95 S. graph. Darst., kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Professional paper / US Department of the Interior, US Geological Survey 1774 Messfehler (DE-588)4133270-2 gnd rswk-swf Fluss (DE-588)4131972-2 gnd rswk-swf Sedimenttransport (DE-588)4180614-1 gnd rswk-swf Fluss (DE-588)4131972-2 s Sedimenttransport (DE-588)4180614-1 s Messfehler (DE-588)4133270-2 s DE-604 Topping, David J. Sonstige oth US Department of the Interior, US Geological Survey Professional paper 1774 (DE-604)BV000005472 1774 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024634392&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Field evaluation of the error arising from inadequate time averaging in the standard use of depth-integrating suspended-sediment samplers Messfehler (DE-588)4133270-2 gnd Fluss (DE-588)4131972-2 gnd Sedimenttransport (DE-588)4180614-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4133270-2 (DE-588)4131972-2 (DE-588)4180614-1 |
| title | Field evaluation of the error arising from inadequate time averaging in the standard use of depth-integrating suspended-sediment samplers |
| title_auth | Field evaluation of the error arising from inadequate time averaging in the standard use of depth-integrating suspended-sediment samplers |
| title_exact_search | Field evaluation of the error arising from inadequate time averaging in the standard use of depth-integrating suspended-sediment samplers |
| title_full | Field evaluation of the error arising from inadequate time averaging in the standard use of depth-integrating suspended-sediment samplers by David J. Topping ... |
| title_fullStr | Field evaluation of the error arising from inadequate time averaging in the standard use of depth-integrating suspended-sediment samplers by David J. Topping ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Field evaluation of the error arising from inadequate time averaging in the standard use of depth-integrating suspended-sediment samplers by David J. Topping ... |
| title_short | Field evaluation of the error arising from inadequate time averaging in the standard use of depth-integrating suspended-sediment samplers |
| title_sort | field evaluation of the error arising from inadequate time averaging in the standard use of depth integrating suspended sediment samplers |
| topic | Messfehler (DE-588)4133270-2 gnd Fluss (DE-588)4131972-2 gnd Sedimenttransport (DE-588)4180614-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Messfehler Fluss Sedimenttransport |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024634392&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000005472 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT toppingdavidj fieldevaluationoftheerrorarisingfrominadequatetimeaveraginginthestandarduseofdepthintegratingsuspendedsedimentsamplers |