Verfügbarkeit: Civil procedure

Civil procedure: a practical guide

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Cape Town Oxford Univ. Press Southern Africa 2011
Ausgabe:	2. ed.
Schriftenreihe:	Procedural law
Schlagworte:	Civil procedure > South Africa Südafrika (Staat)
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	LIII, 636 S.
ISBN:	9780195993301 0195993306

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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	Contents in brief GENERAL INTRODUCTION STAGE ONE: BEFORE LITIGATION PART 1: PRELIMINARY QUESTIONS A: CAUSE OF ACTION B: LOCUS STANDI C: JURISDICTION PART 2: PRE-LITIGATION ISSUES A: DEMAND B: CALCULATION OFTIME LIMITS C: SERVICE OF LEGAL DOCUMENTS D: ACTION OR APPLICATION? STAGE TWO: LITIGATION PART 1: APPLICATIONS A: GENERAL PRINCIPLES B: 'ON NOTICE'APPLICATIONS C: EX PARTE APPLICATIONS PART 2: ACTIONS A: PLEADINGS B: PRE-TRIAL PROCEDURES C: TRIAL D: JUDGMENT, INTEREST AND COSTS STAGE THREE: ΑΠΕ R LITIGATION PART 1: APPEALSAND REVIEWS A; APPEALS B: REVIEWS PART 2: DEBT COLLECTION PROCEDURES A: WRITS AND WARRANTS OF EXECUTION B: SECTION 65 PROCEDURE C: ADMINISTRATION ORDERS STAGE FOUR: ADDITIONAL PROCEDURE! A: SETTLEMENT B: PROVISIONAL SENTENCE C: INTERIM RELIEF PENDING JUDGMENT D: ARREST TANQUAM SUSPECTUS DE FUGA E: MULTIPLE PARTIES AND ACTIONS F: INTERDICTS 00 1 3 13 35 93 93 99 101 m m 119 120 128 136 141 143 224 258 267 295 297 298 328 333 334 355 359 365 7b (Κ) 387 391 404 G: DRASTIC PROCEDURES 415 H: DECLARATIONS OF RIGHTS AND STATED CASES 426 I: SMALL CLAIMS COURT PROCEDURES 429 J: OTHER CIVIL COURTS 440 ANNEXURES 443 A: ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN CIVIL PRACTICE 445 В: IMPACT OF THE NATIONAL CREDIT ACT AND THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT ON CIVIL PROCEDURE 456 C: DIAGRAMS [indicated ¡n text with ¡cons Д p Ц etc] 471 D: PRECEDENTS [indicated in text with icons Щ Щ Я etc] 509 E: CITATIONS 567 R SHORT FORM, PARTICULARS OF CLAIM 572 Contents Contents in brief Preface The authors GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Civil 1 procedure and its place within the legal system 2 The court system and the officials 2.1 A practical approach 2.2 The Magistrates' Courts: District and Regional 2.3 The High Courts 2.4 The Supreme Court of Appeal 2.5 The Constitutional Court 2.6 The officials 3 Where to find the relevant law 4 The impact of the Constitution on civil procedure 5 A general mind map of civil procedure 5.1 The big picture 5.2 The stages 5.3 The parts V xxix xxxiii xxxv xxxv xxxvii xxxvii xxxvii xxxviii xli xlii xlii xliv xlv xlvii xlvii xlvii xlviii STAGE ONE: BEFORE LITIGATION PART 1: PRELIMINARY QUESTIONS A; CAUSE OF ACTION í Introduction 2 Delictual claims 3 Contractual claims 4 Divorce actions ¡ 5 Claims based on liquid documente В: LOCUS STANDI Ai; 1 Introduction ІЗ 2 Direct and substantial interest 13 2.1 The common-law position 13 2.2 Actions based on the Bill of Rights 14 3 Capacity to litigate 16 3.1 Children 16 3.1.1 What is a'child'? 17 3.1.2 Children under the age of seven 17 3.1.3 Children of seven years and older 17 3.1.4 Costs 17 3.1.5 Dual capacity 17 3.1.6 Appointment of a curator ad litem 18 3.1.7 Litigation without assistance 18 3.1.8 The Children's Act and Bill of Rights 18 viii 3.2 Married women 3.2.1 Abolition of the marital power 3.2.2 Consent to litigate - marriages in community of property 3.3 Mentally disabled persons 3.4 Prodigals 3.5 Insolvents 3.6 Fugitives from justice 3.7 Alien enemies 3.8 Diplomats and the like 3.9 Judges 3.10 Members of Parliament, provincial legislatures and municipal councils 3.11 Trusts 3.12 Partnerships, firms, associations and the like 3.12.1 General overview 3.12.2 High Courts - rule 14 3.12.3 Magistrates' Courts - rule 54 4 Representation of parties 4.1 Power of attorney 4.2 Representation of parties in the High Courts 4.3 Representation of parties in the Magistrates' Courts 4.4 Representation of indigent persons 4.4.1 In forma pauperis proceedings in the High Courts 4.4.2 Pro deo proceedings in the Magistrates' Courts С: JURISDICTION 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 22 23 24 24 25 25 26 28 29 29 30 31 32 32 33 35 General introduction 35 1.1 What is jurisdiction? 35 1.2 Why focus only on jurisdiction relating to the High Courts and Magistrates' Courts? 36 1.2.1 Specialist courts 36 1.2.2 Small Claims Courts 37 1.2.3 Supreme Court of Appeal 37 1.2.4 Constitutional Court 38 1.3 Jurisdiction relating to the High Courts and Magistrates' Courts - what are the main issues? 38 1.4 When is jurisdiction determined? 40 1.5 Why is it important to get jurisdiction right? 41 Magistrates' Courts jurisdiction 41 2.1 General overview 41 2.2 The value of the claim - section 29 42 2.2.1 The general rule 42 2.2.1(a) Section 29(l)(a) - delivery or transfer of property 42 2.2. l(b) Section 29(l)(b)- ejectment 42 2.2.1(0) Section 29(l)(c) - right of way 44 2.2.1(0) Section 29(l)(d) - liquid document or mortgage bond 44 2.2.1(e) Section 29(l)(e) - credit agreements 45 2.2.1(f) Section 29(l)(f) - Matrimonial Property Act 45 2.2. l(g) Section 29(l)(fA) - Close Corporations Act 46 2.2. l(h) Section 29(l)(g) - all other actions 46 2.2. l(i) Section 29(1B) - divorce and related matters - Regional Magistrates' Courts . 46 2.2.2 How to calculate the R1OO OOO and R300 000 limits 47 2.2.2(a) Splitting of single claims not allowed - section 40 47 2.2.2(b) Combining separate claims is allowed - section 43(1) 48 2.2. 2(c) Only the amount in issue is taken into account - sections 37(1) and 37(2) 48 2.2.2(0) Interest and costs not taken into account - section 37(3) 48 2.2.3 Exceptions to the general rule 49 2.2.3(a) Consent - section 45 49 2.2.3(a) (i) First limitation 49 2.2.3(a) (ii) Second limitation 50 2.2.3(0) Abandonment - section 38 51 2.2.3(c) Deduction of an admitted debt - section 39 53 2.3 The nature of the claim - section 46 54 2.3.1 Status claims · 54 2.3. l(a) Wills - section 46(2 )(a) 54 2.3. l(b) Mental capacity - section 46(2)(b) 55 2.3. l(c) Perpetual silence - section 46(2)(d) 55 2.3.2 Claims for specific performance 55 2.3.2(a) The general rule 56 2.3. 2(b) Exceptions to the general rule 56 2.3.2(b) (i) Exception 1 - rendering of an account 56 2.3.2(b) (ii) Exception 2 - delivery or transfer of property valued at or under R100 000 57 2.3.2(b) (Hi) Exception 3 - delivery or transfer of property valued at over R100 000 57 2.3. 2(c) Summary 58 2.4 The area to which the claim may be linked - section 28 58 2.4.1 Defendant's residence or business or employment - section 28(l)(a) 59 2.4.1(a) Where does a natural person reside? 59 2.4.1(b) Where does a company or close corporation reside? 60 2.4.1(c) Where does a partnership reside? 61 2.4.1(d) Where does the state reside? 62 2.4, l(e) What does 'carries on business' mean? 62 2.4.1(f) What does'is employed'mean? 63 2.4.2 Cause of action arising 'wholly' - section 28(l)(cl) 2.4.3 Other grounds of territorial jurisdiction 2.4.3(a) Partnerships - section 28(:l)(b) 2.4.3(b) Incidental proceedings - section 28(l)(c) 2,4.3(c) Interpleader proceedings - section Щ:1)(с) fi/ 2.4.3(d) Consent - section 28(l)(f) 2,4.3(e) Immovable property - section 28(l)(g) (Ì9 2.4.4 Divorce and related matters ■■ which particular Regionul Magistratu':; Court 3 High Court jurisdiction Y 3.1 General overview /0 3.2 The doctrine of effectiveness 7:1. 3.3 The three most common grounds of High Court jurisdiction 72 3.3.1 Ratione domicilii 73 3.3.2 Ratione rei gestae 74 3.3.3 Ratione rei sitae 76 3.4 The two most common types of claims 77 3.4.1 Claims relating to property 77 3.4.1(a) What is a claim relating to property? 77 3.4. l(b) Which of the grounds of jurisdiction apply? 78 3.4. l(b) (i) Immovable property - claims involving title 78 3.4. l(b) (ii) Immovable property - claims for transfer 78 3.4. l(b) (Hi) Movable property - claims involving title 78 3.4. l(b) (iv) Movable property - claims for delivery 79 3.4.2 Claims sounding in money 79 3.4.2(a) What is a claim sounding in money? 79 3.4.2(b) Which of the grounds of jurisdiction apply? 80 3.5 The jurisdictional principles applicable to certain additional claims 81 3.5.1 Claims sounding in money against foreign peregrini 81 3.5. í faj Attachments to found and confirm jurisdiction 82 3.5.1(b) Consent to jurisdiction 83 3.5.2 Claims for divorce and associated relief 85 3.5.3 Claims for interdicts 86 3.5.4 Single claims involving two or more jurisdictions 87 3.6 Inherent jurisdiction 88 PART 2: PRE-LITIGATION ISSUES 93 A: DEMAND 93 1 What is a demand? 93 2 Forms of demand 93 3 The contents of the demand 94 4 Circumstances where demand must be made 94 4.1 Demand (or notice) required by statute 94 4.1.1 The Institution of Legal Proceedings against Certain Organs of State Act 40 of 2002 ('the Act') 95 4.1.2 Interim interdicts against the government: The General Law Amendment Act 62 of 1955 96 4.1.3 The Customs and Excise Act 91 of 1964 96 4.1.4 The National Credit Act 34 of 2005 96 4.1.5 The Small Claims Court Act 61 of 1984 96 4.2 Demand essential to complete a cause of action 97 4.2.1 Payable on demand 97 4.2.2 Notice of breach clauses 97 4.2.3 Placing a debtor in mora 97 4.2.4 Demand to give right of cancellation 97 5 Other consequences of demand: costs and interest 98 5.1 Costs relating to the issue of summons 98 5.2 Unliquidated debts: delivering demand to start the running of interest 98 B: CALCULATION OF TIME LIMITS 99 1 Introduction 99 2 Time periods within a certain period 99 2.1 FOU: first out last in 99 2.2 Court days and calendar days 99 3 Time periods after a certain period 100 4 Practical note: service of court process 100 С: SERVICE OF LEGAL DOCUMENTS 101 1 Introduction 101 2 The issue of process and duties of the sheriff 101 3 Methods of service in terms of the rules of court 103 3.1 The usual methods of service in the High Courts 103 3.2 The methods of service in the Regional and District Magistrates' Courts 106 4 Substituted service and edictal citation 108 4.1 Substituted service in general 108 4.2 Service of legal process outside the country 109 4.2.1 High Courts, Regional and District Magistrates' Courts: application for edictal citation 109 5 Jurisdiction and service distinguished 1.13. D: ACTION OR APPLICATION? 112 1 The decision: action or application? 112 2 Essential differences between actions and applications 112 2.1 Actions 112 2.2 Applications 113 3 The essential differences between trial courts and motion courts 113 4 Making the choice: action or application? 114 5 A real dispute of fact? 114 STAGE TWO: LITIGATION 117 PART 1: APPLICATIONS 119 Introduction 119 A: GENERAL PRINCIPLES 120 1 Distinguishing characteristics 120 1.1 Interlocutory applications 120 1.2 Urgent applications 120 1.3 Ex parte applications vs on notice applications 121 2 Notice of motion - general principles 122 3 Affidavits - generai principies 122 3.1 Form and content of affidavits 122 3.2 Inadmissible evidence in affidavits 125 3.2.1 Hearsay 125 3.2.2 Privileged communications 12!) 3.2.3 Matter excluded by the rules of couit 126 3.2, 3(a) Scandalous, vexatious or irrelevant mattar 126 3.2. 3(b) Inadmissible new matter 126 3.2.4 Matter excluded by the use of inherent jurisdiction 1.26 3.3 Striking out inadmissible evidence 171 B: ON NOTICE APPLICATIONS Ш 1 When is it appropriate to bring an on notice application? 128 2 Step 1: The applicant's notice of motion 128 2.1 High Courts: notice of motion 128 2.2 Regional and District Magistrates' Courts: notice of motion 129 3 Step 2: The applicant's founding and supporting affidavits 129 XII 4 Step 3: The service of the application papers 130 4.1 Service in the High Courts, and District and Regional Magistrates' Courts 130 5 Step 4: Respondent's notice of intention to oppose 130 5.1 High Courts procedure 130 5.2 Regional and District Magistrates'Courts procedure 131 6 Step 5: The respondent's answering affidavits 131 7 Step 6: The applicant's replying affidavits 131 8 Step?: Further affidavits 132 9 Step 8: Setting the matter down for hearing 132 10 Step 9; The hearing 133 10.1 The court's order if no real dispute of fact has arisen on the papers 133 10.2 The court's order if a real dispute of fact has arisen on the papers 133 10.2.1 The court may decide the matter on the affidavits alone 133 10.2.2 The court may refer the matter to oral evidence 133 10.2.3 The court may refer the matter to trial 133 10.2.4 The court may dismiss the matter, with costs 134 10.3 In certain cases, the court may decide to make no order 134 11 Step 10: Optional further steps - counter-applications and joinder applications 134 C: EX PARTE APPLICATIONS 136 1 Ex parte applications in the High Courts 136 2 Ex parte applications in the Regional and District Magistrates' Courts 137 3 Preparing ex parte application papers 137 3.1 High Courts: notice of motion 137 3.2 Regional and District Magistrates'Courts: notice of motion 137 4 The court's options: final orders and ruies nisi 138 5 Intervention in ex parte applications 138 6 The requirement of utmost good faith in ex parte applications 138 PART 2: ACTIONS 141 1 Introduction 141 2 The stages of an action 141 2.1 The pleadings stage 141 2.2 The pre-trial stage 141 2.3 The trial stage 142 2.4 The judgment stage 142 3 Amendments to the Magistrates' Courts Rules 142 A: PLEADINGS 143 1 General overview 143 1.1 The two sides of the argument 143 1.2 The steps Involved in pleadings 143 1.2.1 The five basic steps 143 1.2.2 Possible extra steps 144 2 The basic pleadings 144 2.1 Step 1: Summons and particulars of claim 144 2.1.1 What is a summons? 144 2.1.2 What are particulars of claim? 145 2.1.2(a) Citation of parties 145 2.1.2(b) Locus standi 145 XIII 2.1.2(c) Jurisdiction of the court 145 2.1.2(d) Cause of action 145 2.1.2(e) Prayer 146 2.1.3 Different forms of summons 146 2.1.3(a) Combined summons 146 2.1.3(b) Simple summons 147 2.1.3(c) Provisional sentence summons 149 2.1.4 Drafting a summons 1.49 2.1.4(a) High Courts rule 1 7(l)(a) and Magistrates' Courts rule b'(l)(a) - diesinduciae 150 2.1.4(b) High Courts rule 1 7(l)(b) and Magistrates' Courts rule b(l)(b) - warning to defendant 150 2.1.4(0) High Courts rule 17(2) and Magistrates' Courts rule 5(2) - appearance of document 150 2. 1.4(d) High Courts rule 17(3) and Magistrates' Courts rule 5(3) - signatures 150 2.1.4(e) High Courts rules 1 7(4)(a) and (b) and Magistrates' Courts rules 5(4)(a) and (b) - citations 151 2.1.5 Drafting particulars of claim - High Courts rule 18 and Magistrates' Courts rule 6 151 2.1.5(a) Signatures - High Courts rule 18(1) and Magistrates' Courts rule 6(1) 152 2,1.5(b) Title of the action - High Courts rule 18(2) and Magistrates' Courts rule 6(2) 152 2.1.5(0) Paragraphs - High Courts rule 18(3) and Magistrates' Courts rule 6(4) 153 2.1. 5(d) The full facts - High Courts rule 18(4) and Magistrates' Courts rule 6(4) 153 2.1. 5(e) Requirements: breach of contraci - High Courts rule 18(6) and Magistrates' Courts rule 6(6) 154 2.15(7) Requirements: divorce - High Courts rule 18(8) and (9) and Magistrates' Courts rule 6(8) Ib4 2.1. 5(g) Requirements: bodily injuries -■ High Courts rule 18(10) and Magistrates' Courts rule 6(9) 1 ! і · і 2.1. 5(h) Requirements: death - High Courts rule 18(11) and Magistrates' Courts rule 6(10) \ui 2.1.5(1) Implications of not following High Coura rule l'\(l'A) kind Magistrates' Courts rule 6(13) :l ііУ 2.1.5(j) Further averments relating to the Magistrates' Court:; only :i.ij<" 2.1.6 Provisions for summonses relating exclusively io the Magistrate;-;' Coiiite ilia 2.1.6(a) Electronic addresses ibi] 2,1.6(b) Provisions for the defendant :i.í¡9 2.1.6(c) Provision forjurisdictional averments :!.b!) 2.1.6(d) Provisions relating to legislation 159 2.1. 6(e) Suing as a cessionary í 60 2.1.6(7) Declaration that immovable property is executable 160 2.1. 6(g) Automatic rent interdict summons 161 2.1.7 Lapsing and superannuation of summons 162 2.2 Step 2: Notice of intention to defend 162 2.2.1 The notice 163 2.2.2 Delivery of the notice 164 xiv 165 2.3 Step 3: Plea and counter-claim 166 166 166 167 167 167 168 169 169 170 171 171 172 172 172 173 'hen 174 174 175 175 175 175 175 176 176 176 180 180 181 181 181 182 183 183 184 185 2.4 Step 4: Replication (and possible subsequent steps) 185 185 186 2.5 Step 5: Close of pleadings (litis contestatio) 186 3 Possible extra steps: further particulars and declarations 187 3.1 Requests for further particulars 187 3.1.1 General overview 187 3.1.2 High Courts rule 35(12) and Magistrates' Courts rule 23(13) 188 3.1.3 High Courts rule 35(14) and Magistrates'Courts rule 23(15) 189 3.2 Declarations 189 4 Responses to defective pleadings and non-compliance with the rules 190 4.1 General overview 190 2.2.3 Dies inducme Step 3: Plea and counter-claim 2.3.1 Plea 2.3.1(a) General overview 2.3. l(b) P/e; э on the merits 2.3.1(b) 0) Time limits 2.3. l(b) 00 The different kinds of pleas on the merits 2.3.1(b) (ii) (a) Admission of facts 2.3.1(b) 00 (b) Denial of facts 2.3.1(b) 00 (c) Confess/on and avoidance 2.3.1(b) 00 (d) Non-admission 2.3.1(b) (ii) (e) Counter-claim 2.3.1(b) (ii) (f) Alternative defence 2.3. l(b) (¡i) (g) Tender 2.3.1(b) OH) Drafting a plea on the merits 2.3. l(b) (iii) (a) Drafting the different plea responses 2.3.1(b) (Hi) (b) Dealing with all the plaintiff's allegations 2.3. l(b) (iii) (c) The consequences of not observing the w drafting pleas 2.3.1(b) (iii) (d) Material facts; avoiding bare denials 2.3.1(c) Special pleas 2.3.1(c) О) General overview 2.3.1(c) (ii) Dilatory special pleas 2.3.1(c) 00 (a) Special plea of arbitration 2.3.1(c) 00 (b) Special plea of lis pendens 2.3.1(0) 00 (c) Special plea of premature summons 2.3.1(c) (iii) Special pleas in abatement 2.3.1(0) (iii) (a) Special plea of prescription 2.3.1(0) (iii) (b) Special plea of misjoinder or non-joinder 2.3.1(0) (iii) (c) Special plea of res judicata 2.3.1(c) (iii) (d) Special plea to jurisdiction 2.3.1(c) (iii) (e) Special plea of non locus standi in judicio 2.3.1(0) (iv) Drafting a special plea 2.3.1(0) M Separate hearings for special pleas 2.3.2 Counter-claims 2.3.2(a) Overview 2.3.2(b) Procedure 2.3.2(c) Counter-claims in the Magistrates' Courts Step 4: Replication (and possible subsequent steps) 2.4.1 Replication 2.4.2 Possible steps after replication Step 5: Close of pleadings (litis contestatio) XV 4.2 Response 1: Exception 191 4.2.1 The two major grounds for taking an exception 192 4.2. l(a) Failure to disclose a cause of action or defence 192 4.2.1(b) Vague and embarrassing 1.93 4.2.2 The prejudice requirement 194 4.2.3 The harmonisation of practice with regard to exceptions in the Magistrato:;' and High Courts 195 4.2.4 Procedure for lodging an exception 195 4.2.4(a) The procedure in general 195 4.2.4(b) Time periods 196 4.2. 4(c) Notice 196 4.2.5 The hearing 196 4.2.6 The consequences of failing to lodge an exception 197 4.2.7 The consequences of a successful exception 197 4.2.8 The overlap between exception and special plea 197 4.3 Response 2: Application to strike out 198 4.4 Response 3: Application to set aside an irregular step 199 4.5 Response 4: Enforcing compliance and condoning non-compliance 201 4.5.1 In the High Courts 201 4.5. l(a) Rule 30A - non-compliance with the rules 201 4.5.1(b) Rule 27 - extension of time, removal of bar and condonation 201 4.5.2 In the Magistrates' Courts 202 4.5.2(a) Rule 60 - non-compliance with rules, including time limits and errors 202 4.6 Response 5: Amendment of pleadings 203 4.6.1 General overview 203 4.6.2 Stage one: notice of intention to amend 203 4.6.3 Stage two: objecting to the amendment 203 4.6.4 Stage three: giving effect to the amendment 205 Short-cut judgments 206 5.1 General overview 206 5.2 Short-cut judgment 1 - Default judgment 206 5.2.1 Overview 206 5.2.2 Default of appearance 206 5.2.2(a) Defendant's default of appearance to defend 206 5.2.2(b) Plaintiff's default of appearance at trial (companiii default) 206 5.2.2(c) Defendant's default of appearance at triai 207 5.2.3 Default of pleadings 207 5.2. 3(a) Default of plea 207 5.2,3(a) (i) Default of plea: High Courts 207 5.2. 3(a) (ii) Default of plea: Magistrates'Courts 208 5.2.3(a) (Hi) Default of plaintiff's plea in reconvention 208 5.2.3(b) Default of déclaration 208 5.2.4 Applying for default judgment 209 5.2.4(a) The procedure in the High Courts 209 5.2. 4(a) (i) If the claim is not for a debt or liquidated demand 209 5.2.4(a) (ii) If the claim is for a debt or liquidated demand 210 5.2.4(b) The procedure in the Magistrates' Courts 211 5.2.5 Barring 212 5.2.5(a) General overview 212 xvi 5.2.5(b) Automatic barring 213 5.2.5(c) Notice of bar 213 5.2.5(d) Removal of bar 214 5.3 Short-cut judgment 2 - Summary judgment 215 5.3.1 General overview 215 5.3.2 Permissible claims 215 5.3.2(a) On a liquid document 216 5.3.2(b) For a liquidated amount in money 216 5.3. 2(c) For delivery of specified movable property 217 5.3.2(0) For ejectment 217 5.3.3 The application 217 5.3.4 The supporting affidavit 218 5.3.5 Responding to an application for summary judgment 219 5.3.6 The court hearing 220 5.3.7 The usual order 220 5.3.8 Special orders for costs 221 5.4 Short-cut judgment 3: Consent and confession to judgment 221 5.4.1 Judgment on confession in the High Courts-rule 31 221 5.4.2 Judgment by consent in the Magistrates' Courts - rule 11 222 B: PRE-TRIAL PROCEDURES 224 1 Introduction 224 2 Step 1: Set down 225 2.1 Set down in the High Courts 225 2.2 Set down in the Magistrates' Courts 226 3 Step 2: Discovery and related procedures 227 3.1 What is discovery? 227 3.2 Discovery procedures 228 3.2.1 Notice to discover 228 3.2.1(a) When must discovery take place? 228 3.2. l(b) What must be discovered? 228 3.2.1 (c) The discovery affidavit 229 3.2.1(d) Remedies for failure to discover 231 3.2.1(d) (i) Notice to inspect undisclosed documents - rule 35(3) (High Courts)/rule 23(3) (Magistrates' Courts) 231 3.2.1(0) (ii) Document or tape recording may not be used - rule 35(4) (High Courtsi/rule 23(4) (Magistrates' Courts) 232 3.2.1(0) (Hi) Application to compel discovery - rule 35(7) (High Courts)/ rule 23(8) (Magistrates' Courts) 232 3.2.2 Notice to inspect 232 3.2.3 Notice to specify 233 3.2.4 Notice to produce 234 3.2.5 Notice to admit 234 4 Step 3: Medical examinations and technical inspections 235 4.1 Medical examinations - claim for bodily injuries 235 4.1.1 Arranging the examination 236 4.1.2 Objecting to the examination 236 4.1.3 Report on the examination 237 4.1.4 Other medical reports, records, X-rays, etc 237 4.2 Technical inspection - claim relating to object 237 xvii 4.2.1 Arranging the inspection 237 4.2.2 Objecting to the inspection 238 4.2.3 Report on the inspection 238 4.3 Magistrates' and High Courts procedures compared 238 5 Step 4: Request for further particulars for trial 238 5.1 What are further particulars for trial? 238 5.2 The procedure 240 6 Step 5: Subpoena of witnesses 240 6.1 Subpoenas in the High Courts 240 6.1.1 Normal subpoena 240 6.1.2 Subpoena duces tecurn 241 6.1.3 Failure to comply with a subpoena 241 6.1.4 Calculating witness fees 242 6.2 Subpoenas in the Magistrates' Courts 243 7 Step 6: Special evidence 244 7.1 Expert evidence 244 7.2 Photographs, plans, models and diagrams 245 7.2.1 In the High Courts 245 7.2.2 In the Magistrates' Courts 247 7.3 Evidence on commission 247 7.3.1 In the High Courts 247 7.3.2 In the Magistrates' Courts 248 7.4 Evidence by means of interrogatories 249 7.4.1 In the High Courts 249 7.4.2 In the Magistrates' Courts 249 7.5 Evidence on affidavit 250 8 Step 7: Pre-trial conference 250 8.1 Pre-trial conference in the High Courts 250 8.1.1 Calling the conference 251 8.1.2 Setting the agenda 252 8.1.3 The conference 252 8.1.4 The rule 37 minute 252 8.1.5 Special order as to costs 253 8.2 Pre-trial conference in the Magistrates' Courts 254 9 Step 8: Final preparation for trial 255 9.1 Advice on evidence 255 9.2 Preparation of trial bundles 256 9.3 Indexing and paginating the court file 256 C: TRIAL .->&.! 1 Trial in the High Courts Ш 1.1 Introduction 'Љи 1.2 Parties not present 258 1.3 Open court 259 1.4 Recalcitrant witnesses 2ü9 1.5 Duty to begin 259 1.6 Opening address 260 1.7 Plaintiff's case 261 1.8 Application for absolution from the instance 262 1.9 Defendant's case 263 xviii 1.10 Closing address 263 1.11 Reopening the case 264 1.12 Inspections in loco 264 1.13 Reference to a referee 264 2 Trial in the Magistrates' Courts 265 D: JUDGMENT, INTEREST AND COSTS 267 1 Judgment 267 1.1 Judgment in the High Courts 267 1.1.1 Judgment at the close of the plaintiff's case 267 1.1.2 Judgment at the close of the defendant's case 268 1.1.3 Interpreting the court's judgment 268 1.2 Judgment in the IVlagistrates'Courts 268 2 Variation and setting aside of the court's judgment 269 2.1 Variation and rescission of judgment in the High Courts 270 2.1.1 Variation of judgment in the High Courts 270 2.1.1(a) Variation in terms of common law 270 2.1.1 (b) Variation of a judgment in terms of rule 42(1) 271 2.1.2 Rescission of judgment in the High Courts 272 2.1.2(a) Rescission in terms of rule 42(1) 272 2.1. 2(b) Rescission in terms of rule 31 (2)(b) and reconsideration in terms of rule 31(5)(d) 273 2.1.2(b) (i) A reasonable explanation for default 274 2.1. 2(b) (ii) The existence of a bona fide defence 275 2.1.2(b) (Hi) The application must be brought bona fide 275 2.1. 2(c) Rescission in terms of the common law 276 2.1.3 Void judgments 277 2.1.4 Abandonment of a judgment 277 2.2 Rescission and variation of judgments in the Magistrates'Courts 277 2.2.1 Variation and rescission in general 277 2.2.2 Rescission of default judgments in particular 278 2.2.2(a) Good reason 278 2.2.2(b) Good cause shown 278 3 Interest 280 3.1 General overview 280 3.2 The rate of interest 280 3.2.1 Simple and compound interest 281 3.2.2 National Credit Act 34 of 2005 281 3.3 The date from which interest runs 281 3.3.1 Unliquidated vs liquidated debts 281 3.3.2 Liquidated debts 282 3.3. 2(a) The mora ex re situation 282 3.3.2(b) The mora ex persona situation 282 3.3.3 Unliquidated debts 282 3.4 The in duplum rule 284 3.5 Drafting a claim for interest 284 4 Costs 285 4.1 Introduction 285 4.2 General rules relating to an award of costs 285 4.3 The tariffs of costs and the costs charged by an attorney 287 XIX 4.3.1 The tariff 287 4.3.2 The costs charged by an attorney to his client 289 4.4 Types of cost awards 290 4.4.1 Award of costs on the party-and-party scale 290 4.4.2 Award of costs on the attorney-and-client scale 290 4.4.3 Award of costs on the attorney-and-own-client scale 292 4.4.4 Award of costs de bonis propriis 293 4.4.5 Interim costs orders 293 4.4.5(a) Costs 293 4.4.5(b) Costs in the cause 294 4.4.5(c) No order as to costs 294 4.4. 5(d) Costs to be reserved 294 STAGE THREE: ARER LITIGATION 295 PARTI: APPEALSAND REVIEWS 297 Introduction 297 A: APPEALS 298 1 General overview 298 2 Preliminary issues relating to appeal 298 2.1 What may be appealed-judgments, orders and rulings 298 2.1.1. High Courts matters 298 2.1.2. Magistrates'Courts matters 300 2.2 Appeal on the facts versus appeal on the law 302 2.3 Principles governing appeals in discretionary matters 304 2.4 The effect of a pending appeal on the judgment of the lower court 304 2.5 Disputing the validity of law in the Magistrates' Courts 305 3 The different routes an appeal may follow 306 3.1 Appeals from the Magistrates'Courts 306 3.1.1 The usual route 306 3.1.2 Short-cut appeals directly to the Constitutional Court 307 3.1. 2(a) Direct access cases 308 3.1. 2(b) Declarations of invalidity in constitutional cases 308 3.1. 2(c) The leapfrog to the Constitutional Court 309 3.2 Appeals from the High Courts 309 3.2.1 The usual route 309 3.2.2 Short-cut appeals directly to the Supreme Court of Appeal or OonsiJUriionćil Coin t 310 3.2. 2(a) Direct access in constitutional cases ':> 10 3.2.2(b) Declarations of invalidity in constitutional cases 310 3.2. 2(c) The leapfrog to the Constitutional Court 310 3.2.2(d) The leapfrog to the Supreme Court of Appeal 311 4 Leave to appeal 31! 4.1 Overview 311 4.2 Grounds for granting leave to appeal and special leave to appeal 312 4.3 Application to the High Courts for leave to appeal 312 4.4 Petition to the Supreme Court of Appeal for specialleave to appeal 313 5 The procedure leading up to the appeal hearing 314 5.1 Appeals to the High Courts: the procedure 314 5.1.1 Overview 314 XX 5.1.2 The noting of an appeal 315 5.1.2(a) Request for written judgment (rules 51(1) and (2)) 315 5.1.2(b) Procedure on noting an appeal (rules 51(3), (4), (7) and (8)) 315 5.1.3 The prosecution of an appeal 316 5.1.4 Preparing the court record and subsequent procedures 316 5.2 Appeals to the full court of the High Court: the procedure 317 5.3 Appeals to the Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA): the procedure 319 5.4 Appeals to the Constitutional Court: the procedure 320 б The appeal hearing 323 6.1 Further evidence on appeal and the raising of new points 323 6.2 No appeal or order granted without a practical effect or result 325 6.3 Condonation of non-compliance with rules 326 6.4 The judgment 327 B: REVIEWS 328 1 General overview 328 2 Review jurisdiction 328 3 Grounds for review 328 4 The procedure to bring a matter under review 329 5 Opposing the application for review 330 6 Time limits 331 7 Urgent reviews 331 8 Powers of the court on review 331 9 Court record required 332 PART 2: DEBT COLLECTION PROCEDURES 333 Introduction 333 A: WRITS AND WARRANTS OF EXECUTION 334 1 General overview and effect of the National Credit Act 334 2 Attachment and sale of corporeais 335 2.1 Writ of execution in the High Courts 335 2.1.1 Overview 335 2.1.2 Attachment and sale of movables 336 2.1.3 Attachment and sale of immovables 340 2.2 Warrant of execution in the Magistrates' Courts 342 2.2.1 Overview 342 2.2.2 The warrant of execution 342 2.2.3 Attachment-what can and cannot be attached 343 2.2.4 The attachment 343 2.2.5 Execution 345 3 Attachment and sale of incorporeals 345 3.1 Attachment of incorporeals in the High Courts 345 3.1.1 Attaching a debt owed to the judgment debtor by a third party 345 3.1.2 The procedure for attaching incorporeal property 346 3.2 Attachment of incorporeals in the Magistrates' Courts 347 3.2.1 Emoluments attachment orders versus garnishee orders 347 3.2.2 Emoluments attachment orders 347 3.2.2(a) What ¡s an emoluments attachment order? 347 3.2.2(b) How is such an order obtained? 348 XXI 3.2.2(c) Out of which court must the emoluments attachment order be issued? 348 3.2.2(d) What is the effect of the order? 348 3.2. 2(e) What if the judgment debtor leaves his employment? 348 3.2.3 Garnishee orders 349 4 Interpleader proceedings 350 4.1 General overview 350 4.2 Interpleader proceedings in the High Courts - rule 58 351 4.3 Interpleader claims in the Magistrates' Courts - rule 44 352 5 Superannuation of judgments 3S3 5.1 Superannuation of judgments in the High Courts 353 5.2 Superannuation of judgments in the Magistrates' Courts 354 B: SECTION 65 PROCEDURE 355 1 General overview 355 2 Section 65M 355 3 The section 65A procedure 355 4 Juristic persons and the state 357 C: ADMINISTRATION ORDERS 359 1 General overview 359 2 The procedure 359 2.1 The application for an administration order 359 2.2 The hearing 359 2.3 The administration order 360 2.4 The appointment of an administrator and his tasks 360 2.5 Payment to the administrator and to the creditors 361 STAGE FOUR: ADDITIONAL PROCEDURES 363 A: SETTLEMENT 365 1 General overview 36t> 2 Unconditional offer versus offer of compromise ÍS Bü 2.1 The unconditional offer 36Б 2.2 The offer of compromise 366 2.2.1 Introduction 366 2.2.2 Making an offer of compromise: possible pitfall.·; 3G7 2.2.3 Accepting an offer of compromise: possible pitfalls 368 2.2.4 Proving an offer of compromise: responding to a claim 368 3 Offers to settle during litigation Ш 3.1 Introduction: offerto settle as a defensive weapon 369 3.2 Settlement procedures during litigation in the High Courts 369 3.2.1 Written offers and tenders 369 3.2.2 The consequences of a without prejudice offer or tender 369 3.2.3 The contents of a written offer or tender 370 3.2.4 Accepting an offer or tender 370 3.2.5 Performance in terms of an offer or tender 371 3.2.6 Rule 41: settlement procedure 371 3.3 Settlement procedures during litigation in the Regional and District Magistrates' Courts 371 4 Methods of recording agreements to settle 371 4.1 General settlement agreements and acknowledgements of debt 372 XXII 4.2 Confession to judgment in the High Courts 373 4.3 Admission of liability and consent to judgment in the Regional and District Magistrates' Courts 373 4.3.1 Section 57: admission of liability procedure 373 4.3.2 Section 58: consent to judgment procedure 374 4.4 Recording settlements during litigation in the Regional and District Magistrates' Courts - rule 27 374 B: PROVISIONAL SENTENCE 375 1 Introduction 375 2 Requisites for provisional sentence 375 3 What is a liquid document? 376 4 Provisional sentence in the High Courts 378 4.1 Provisional sentence summons 378 4.2 Opposing and replying affidavits 379 4.3 The evidentiary burden 379 4.4 The consequences of provisional sentence 381 4.5 Possible outcomes in provisional sentence matters 382 5 Provisional sentence in the Regional and District Magistrates' Courts 382 C: INTERIM RELIEF PENDING JUDGMENT 383 1 The two types of interim relief pending judgment 383 1.1 Interim relief: actions for bodily injuries - rule 34A of the High Courts Rules and rule 18A of the Magistrates' Courts Rules 383 1.2 Interim relief: actions for divorce - rule 43 of the High Courts Rules and rule 58 of the Magistrates' Courts Rules 384 D: ARREST TANQUAM SUSPECTUS DE FUGA 387 1 The Malachi case: tanquam suspectas de fuga unconstitutional 387 2 Arrest tanquam suspectus de fuga in the High Courts 388 2.1. Rule 9 procedure 388 2.1.1 Writ of arrest and supporting affidavit 388 2.1.2 Options open to the debtor 389 3 Arrest tanquam suspectus de fuga in the Magistrates' Courts - now unconstitutional 390 E: MULTIPLE PARTIES AND ACTIONS 391 1 General overview 391 2 Joinder of parties and causes of action 391 2.1 Introduction 391 2.2 Joinder in the High Courts 392 2.2.1 Joinder of several causes of action 392 2.2.2 Joinder of more than one plaintiff or defendant 392 2.2.3 Joinder of state authorities 392 2.2.4 Separation of trials 392 2.3 Joinder in the Magistrates' Courts 393 2.3.1 Joinder of several causes of action 393 2.3.2 Joinder of more than one plaintiff or defendant 393 2.3.3 Separation of trials 393 3 Consolidation of actions 394 3.1 Consolidation of actions in the High Courts 394 xxiii 3.2 Consolidation of actions ¡η the Magistrates' Courts 394 4 Voluntary intervention in a matter 394 4.1 Intervening in a High Court matter 394 4.2 Intervening in a Magistrate's Court matter 396 5 Forced intervention in a matter 396 5.1 The need for forced intervention 396 5.2 Inviting intervention in terms of the Apportionment of Damages Act 34 of 19Ö6 396 5.3 Magistrates' Courts - joinder in terms of rule 28(2) 397 5.3.1 The grounds for joinder 397 5.3.2 The procedure for effecting joinder 398 5.3.3 The effect of joinder 398 5.4 High Court and Magistrate's Court - third party procedure in terms of rule 13 of the High Courts and rule 28A of the Magistrates' Courts Rules 400 5.4.1 Introduction 400 5.4.2 The grounds for joinder of a third party 400 5.4.3 The procedure for effecting joinder of a third party 401 5.4.4 Opposition by the third party 401 5.4.5 The effect of a third party notice 402 F: INTERDICTS 404 1 General overview 404 2 The two types of interdicts: prohibitory and mandatory interdicts 404 3 Final and interim interdicts 404 4 Jurisdiction to grant interdicts 405 5 Purposes for which an interdict may be granted 405 6 Final interdicts 406 6.1 What is a clear right? 406 6.2 What is an injury actually committed or reasonably apprehended? 407 6.3 What does the absence of any other satisfactory remedy mean? 408 7 Interim interdicts 409 7.1 What is a prima facie right? 409 7.2 What is a well-grounded apprehension of irreparable harm if the interim relief is not granted and the ultimate relief is granted? 410 7.3 What is a balance of convenience in favour of the granting of the interim relief? 4:1. і 7.4 What does the absence of any other satisfactory remedy mean? 411 8 How to decide whether to apply for an interim or a final interdict in practic Ί ■:<.:>. 9 Applying for an interdict: the usual procedural steps in practice 4:1,,' 10 Remedies for breach of interdict Ш 11 Structural interdicts 4 Li G: DRASTIC PROCEDURES 41b 1 Anton Piller orders 415 1.1 What is an Anton Piller order? 415 1-2 Applying for an Anton Piller order 415 1.3 Procedural requirements 415 1.4 Procedural safeguards 416 1-5 The form of the order contained in the notice of motion 416 2 KnoxD'Arcy interdicts 417 2.1 What is a Knox D'Arcy interdict? 417 2.2 General principles and procedural requirements 417 XXIV 2.2.1 The purpose of the interdict 417 2.2.2 The justification for the interdict 417 2.2.3 What the applicant must show 418 2.2.4 The applicant's onus of proof 418 2.2.5 Notice to the respondent 418 2.2.6 Non-compliance with court orders 419 3 The civil recovery of property: the Prevention of Organised Crime Act 121 of 1988 419 3.1 Introduction 419 3.2 Preservation of property in terms of POCA 419 3.3 Forfeiture of property in terms of POCA 420 4 Protection orders in terms of the Domestic Violence Act 116 of 1998 420 4.1 What is a domestic violence protection order? 420 4.2 Defining a domestic relationship 420 4.3 The definition of domestic violence 421 4.4 Locus stanai to apply for a protection order 421 4.5 Applying for a protection order: the procedure 422 4.6 Serving the order on the respondent 422 4.7 The orders the court may make 422 4.8 The Older Persons' Act 13 of 2006 423 5 Spoliation orders 423 5.1 What is a spoliation order? 423 5.2 The mandament van spolie distinguished from the rei vindicatio 423 5.3 The procedure for obtaining a spoliation order 424 5.4 An example of application papers for a mandament van spolie order 424 H: DECLARATIONS OF RIGHTS AND STATED CASES 426 1 General overview 426 2 Declarations of rights: general principles 426 2.1 Circumstances in which a declarator may be granted 426 2.2 Existing, future or contingent right or obligation 426 2.3 The court's decision 427 3 Special cases and points of law - rule 33 427 3.1 Special cases-rule 33(1) to (3) 427 3.2 Separating issues in pending actions - rule 33(4) 427 3.3 Deciding the case on a point of law - rule 33(6) 428 4 Stated cases on appeal, in the Constitution, and other statutes 428 I: SMALL CLAIMS COURT PROCEDURES 429 1 General overview 429 2 Locus stanai 429 3 Jurisdiction of the Smali Claims Court 429 3.1 Area of jurisdiction 429 3.2 Jurisdiction in respect of persons 429 3.3 Jurisdiction in respect of causes of action 429 3.4 Matters beyond the jurisdiction of the Small Claims Court 430 3.5 Abandonment 430 3.6 Concurrent jurisdiction with the District Magistrates' Courts 430 4 Instituting legal action 430 4.1 The letter of demand 430 4.2 The summons and particulars of claim 431 xxv 4.3 The defendant's response: statement of defence 431 5 Procedure at court 431 6 A Small Claims Court case study: AbelAchebe v Ben Baxter 432 6.1 The facts 432 6.2 The legal opinion 433 6.3 The section 29 letter of demand 435 6.4 Abel's particulars of claim 43/ 6.5 Preparing Ben's statement of defence 438 6.6 Ben's statement of defence 439 J: OTHER CIVIL COURTS 440 1 General overview 440 2 Admiralty Courts 440 3 Tax Courts 440 4 Competition Tribunal and Appeal Court 440 5 Labour Courts 440 6 The Land Claims Court 441 7 Special Investigating Units (SlUs) and Tribunals 441 8 Equality Courts 441 9 Children's Courts 441 10 Maintenance Courts 441 11 Summary: miscellaneous other civil courts 442 ANNEXURES 443 A: ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION (ADR) IN CIVIL PRACTICE 445 1 Introduction 445 2 The two main types of dispute-resolution processes 445 3 The primary objectives of ADR 446 3.1 ADR as a cost-cutting measure 446 3.2 ADR results in cooperative and participatory dispute settlement 447 3.3 ADR helps facilitate access to justice 447 3.4 ADR helps relieve court congestion 447 4 ADR procedures: facilitative, adjudicative and evaluative processes 447 4.1 Facilitative processes 447 4.1.1 Negotiation 447 4.1.2 Conciliation 448 4.1.3 Mediation 448 4.2 Adjudicative processes 448 4.2.1 Arbitration 44« 4.2.2 Types of arbitration 449 4.3 Evaluative procedures 4!:>() 4.3.1 Expert appraisal process 4i>0 4.3.2 Case evaluation 450 5 Advantages and disadvantages of ADR processes 450 5.1 Flexible, informal and simplified procedures 451 5.2 Voluntariness and party autonomy 451 5.3 Maintenance of relationships 451 5.4 Confidentiality 451 5.5 Reduction of costs 451 XXVI 5.6 Lack of court protection 451 5.7 The risk of incurring double costs 452 5.8 Lack of access to sufficient information 452 5.9 The danger of prescription 452 5.10 Uncooperative parties 452 6 Hybrid ADR procedures 452 6.1 The mini-trial 452 6.2 Med-Arb: mediation culminating in arbitration 453 6.3 Arb-Med-Arb: arbitration followed by mediation and a final arbitration award 453 6.4 Med-Rec: mediation followed by a recommendation 454 6.5 MEDALOA1. Mediation and Last Offer Arbitration 454 7 Statutory ADR provisions 454 8 Ombudsman offices 455 9 Dispute-resolution organisations in South Africa 455 B: IMPACT OF THE NATIONAL CREDIT ACT AND THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT ON CIVIL PROCEDURE 456 1 Introduction 456 2 The National Credit Act 34 of 2005 456 2.1 Introduction 456 2.2 Aspects of jurisdiction 457 2.3 Service and delivery of documents 457 2.4 Procedures and pleadings 458 2.4.1 Letter of demand 458 2.4.2 Notice 458 2.4.3 Summons 459 2.4.3(a) Averments in the summons 459 2.4.3(b) Nature of the summons 459 2.4.3(c) Signing and issuing of the summons 460 2.4.4 The particulars of claim 460 2.5 Judgments and orders 461 2.5.1 Summary judgment 461 2.5.2 The debt review procedure 461 2.5.3 The debt review order 462 3 The Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 463 3.1 Introduction 463 3.2 The СРА legal framework 464 3.3 The National Consumer Commission, National ConsumerTribunal, and Consumer Courts 464 3.4 Jurisdiction in terms of the СРА 466 3.5 Consent to and confirmation of judgments 466 3.6 Service and delivery of documents 466 3.7 The applicability of the Consumer Protection Act (СРА) to credit agreements entered into in terms of the National Credit Act (NCA) 466 3.7.1 The interpretation of section 5(2 ((d) of the СРА 466 3.7.2 Conclusion 468 3.8 The Commissioner's power to summons persons 468 3.9 The СРА plain language requirements 468 3.10 General impact of the СРА on civil procedure 469 C: DIAGRAMS [indicated in text with icons ТЯ ТЛ И etc] 471 xxvii D: PRECEDENTS [indicated in text with icons Precedent 1: Precedent 2: Precedent 3: Precedent 4: Precedent 5: Precedent 6: Precedent 7: Precedent 8: Precedent 9: Precedent 10: Precedent 11: Precedent 12: Precedent 13: Precedent 14: Precedent 15: Precedent 16: Precedent 17: Precedent 18: Precedent 19: Precedent 20: Precedent 21: Precedent 22: Precedent 23: Precedent 24: Precedent 25: Precedent 26: Precedent 27: Precedent 28: Precedent 29: Precedent 30: Precedent 31: Precedent 32: Precedent 33: Precedent 34: Precedent 35: Precedent 36: Precedent 37: Precedent 38: Precedent 39: :#: ;,*; etc] 509 Return of service 510 Notice of motion - ex parte application - High Courts Form 2 511 Notice of motion, on notice application: High Courts Form 2a 512 Notice of intention to oppose: High Courts 513 Notice of set down, application: High Courts 514 Application to sue by edictal citation: High Courts 515 Provisional sentence summons: dishonoured cheque 516 Combined summons: High Courts 518 Simple summons: High Courts 520 Combined summons - Magistrates' Courts 522 Simple summons - Magistrates' Courts 524 Summons including automatic rent interdict: Magistrates' Courts 527 Notice of intention to defend: Magistrates' Courts 530 Notice to produce in terms of rule 35(12), Form 15 (High Courts)/ rule 23(13) (Magistrates' Courts) 532 Notice to inspect in terms of rule 35(14) (High Courts)/ rule 23(15) (Magistrates' Courts) 533 Exception, no cause of action: Magistrates' Courts 534 Exception, vague and embarrassing: Magistrates' Courts 536 Request for default judgment Magistrates' Courts 537 Application for summary judgment + affidavit: Magistrates' Courts 538 Third party notice: High Courts 540 Application to amend pleadings: High Courts 542 Notice of set down in the Magistrates' Courts 543 Notice to discover in terms of rule 35(1) (High Courts)/ rule 23(1) (Magistrates' Courts) 544 Discovery affidavit including schedules 546 Notice to inspect undisclosed documents in terms of rule 35(3) (High Courts)/rule 23(3) (Magistrates' Courts) 548 Notice to produce in terms of rule 35(6), Form 13 (High Courts)/ rule 23(6), Form 15 (Magistrates' Courts) 550 Notice to inspect in response to notice to produce in terms of rule 35(6), Form 14 (High Courtsyrule 23(6), Form 15a (Magistrates' Courts) 551 Notice to specify in terms of rule 35(8) (High Courts)/ rule 23(9) (Magistrates' Courts) ЬЬУ. Notice to admit in terms of rule 35(9) (High Courts)/ rule 23(10) (Magistrates' Courts) 554 Notice to produce in terms of rule 35(10) (High Courto)/ rule 23(11) (Magistrates' Courts) 55 ¡i Notice in terms of rule 36(10)(a) (High Courtsyrule 24(10)(a) (Magistrates' Conii::;) 55fì Notice in terms of rule 36(2) (High Courtsyrule 24(2) (Magistrates' Courts) 55/ Composite notice of intention to call expert witness in terms of rule 24(9)(a) and (b) of the Magistrates' Courts Rules 558 Appeal notice: High Courts 560 Section 65 notice: Magistrates' Courts 561 Writ of execution: High Courts 562 Settlement agreement 563 Application for judgment on confession: High Courts 565 Acknowledgment of debt 566 xxviii E: CITATIONS 567 1 Citing the plaintiff 567 1.1 Citing the plaintiff: private individuals 567 1.2 Citing the plaintiff: business entities 567 1.3 Citing the state as plaintiff: government departments and parastatals 568 2 Citing the defendant 568 2.1 Citing the defendant: private individuals 569 2.2 Citing the defendant: business entities 569 2.3 Citing the state as defendant: government departments and parastatals 570 F: SHORT FORM, PARTICULARS OF CLAIM 572 1 Goods sold and delivered 572 2 Balance due for goods sold and delivered 572 3 Work done and material supplied 573 4 Professional services rendered 573 5 Promissory notes 573 6 Cheques 573 7 Bills of exchange 573 8 Acknowledgements of debts 574 9 Monies lent and advanced 574 Glossary 577 References 591 Table of cases 599 Table of legislation 615 Table of rules of court 620 Index 626
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oai_aleph_id	oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024576557
oclc_num	701807830
open_access_boolean
owner	DE-739 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR
owner_facet	DE-739 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR
physical	LIII, 636 S.
publishDate	2011
publishDateSearch	2011
publishDateSort	2011
publisher	Oxford Univ. Press Southern Africa
record_format	marc
series2	Procedural law
spelling	Civil procedure a practical guide Stephen Peté ... 2. ed. Cape Town Oxford Univ. Press Southern Africa 2011 LIII, 636 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Procedural law Civil procedure South Africa Südafrika (Staat) Peté, Stephen Sonstige oth Digitalisierung UB Passau application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024576557&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Civil procedure a practical guide Civil procedure South Africa
title	Civil procedure a practical guide
title_auth	Civil procedure a practical guide
title_exact_search	Civil procedure a practical guide
title_full	Civil procedure a practical guide Stephen Peté ...
title_fullStr	Civil procedure a practical guide Stephen Peté ...
title_full_unstemmed	Civil procedure a practical guide Stephen Peté ...
title_short	Civil procedure
title_sort	civil procedure a practical guide
title_sub	a practical guide
topic	Civil procedure South Africa
topic_facet	Civil procedure South Africa Südafrika (Staat)
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024576557&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
work_keys_str_mv	AT petestephen civilprocedureapracticalguide

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