Stress ecology: environmental stress as ecological driving force and key player in evolution
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Dordrecht [u.a.]
Springer
2012
|
| Edition: | 1. Aufl. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Literaturangaben S. 407 - 460 |
| Physical Description: | XII, 480 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9789400720718 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Stress ecology |b environmental stress as ecological driving force and key player in evolution |c Christian E. W. Steinberg |
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| 264 | 1 | |a Dordrecht [u.a.] |b Springer |c 2012 | |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Titel: Stress ecology
Autor: Steinberg, Christian E. W.
Jahr: 2012
Contents
1 Why a Small Worm Is Not Crazy.......................................................... 1
2 Activation of Oxygen: Multipurpose Tool............................................ 7
2.1 Oxygen Activation in Ecosystems.................................................... 7
2.1.1 Effects on Organisms............................................................ 9
2.2 Activation of Oxygen in Organisms................................................. 10
2.2.1 Using Stolen Structures..................................................... 10
2.2.2 Using Own Structures........................................................... 12
2.3 Oxidative Stress................................................................................ 31
2.3.1 Key Studies of Oxidative Stress........................................... 32
3 Defense Means Against Pathogens and Parasites:
Reactive Oxygen Species........................................................................ 47
3.1 Defense in Plants.............................................................................. 47
3.1.1 Spermatophytes.................................................................... 47
3.1.2 Macroalgae........................................................................... 49
3.1.3 Pathogens Modulate Community Structure.......................... 51
3.2 Defense Response in Animals.......................................................... 52
3.2.1 Phagocytes............................................................................ 52
3.2.2 Prophenoloxidase in Invertebrates........................................ 53
4 Arms Race Between Plants and Animals:
Biotransformation System...................................................................... 61
4.1 Major Arms of the Plants................................................................. 62
4.1.1 Furanocoumarins.................................................................. 62
4.1.2 Terpenoids............................................................................. 62
4.1.3 Flavonoids - Protectants Against Abiotic
or Biotic Stress?.................................................................... 64
4.2 The Biotransformation System......................................................... 67
4.2.1 Plants Outcompete Archaea, Bacteria, Fungi,
and Animals in Terms of CYP Gene Numbers..................... 71
4.3 Phase I: Functionalization................................................................ 73
4.3.1 Cytochrome P450 (CYP) Enzymes...................................... 73
vii
iíiii Contents
4.4 Phase II: Conjugation....................................................................... 75
4.4.1 Glutathione Transferases...................................................... 75
4.4.2 Glycosyltransferases............................................................. 77
4.4.3 Sulfotransferases................................................................... 78
4.4.4 Esterase and Hydrolase......................................................... 79
4.5 Armament of Animals I: Biotransformation Phases I and II............ 79
4.5.1 Insects................................................................................... 80
4.6 Armament of Animals II: Exporters (Phase 0 and III)..................... 89
4.6.1 Chemosensitization............................................................... 90
4.6.2 Multixenobiotic Transporters as Defense
Against Dietary Allelochemicals.......................................... 92
4.7 Body-Maintenance vs. Xenobiotic Biotransformation..................... 92
4.8 Ecological Significance of Individual
Biotransformation Components........................................................ 94
4.8.1 Natural and Synthetic Xenobiotics....................................... 94
4.8.2 Herbivores Use Plants Armaments
in Defense Against Their Own Enemies.............................. 96
4.8.3 How to Survive the Contamination of Superfund Sites?........ 99
4.8.4 Self-intoxification by CYP Activity
in Caenorhabditis elegans..................................................... 101
4.9 Biotransformation and the Evolution of Pesticide Resistances........ 102
4.9.1 CYPs and Herbicide Resistance........................................... 102
4.9.2 GSTs and Herbicide Resistance........................................... 103
4.9.3 CYPs and Insecticide Resistance.......................................... 103
4.9.4 Esterases and Hydrolases and Insecticide Resistance.......... 104
4.9.5 GSTs and Insecticide Resistance.......................................... 105
5 Heat Shock Proteins: The Minimal, but Universal,
Stress Proteome...................................................................................... 107
5.1 Bacteria............................................................................................. Ill
5.1.1 Escherichia coli..................................................................... Ill
5.2 Plants................................................................................................ 111
5.2.1 Salinity and Elevated CO2 Concentrations........................... Ill
5.2.2 Induced Thermotolerance in Tomato.................................... 113
5.3 Animals............................................................................................. 114
5.3.1 Abiotic Stressors................................................................... 114
5.3.2 Biotic Stressors..................................................................... 120
5.4 Costs of HSP Expression.................................................................. 125
5.5 Some Need It Cold........................................................................... 127
6 Heavy Metals: Defense and Ecological Utilization............................... 131
6.1 General Strategies............................................................................. 132
6.2 The Metallothionein System............................................................. 132
6.3 How Do Worms Cope with High Metal Burdens?........................... 134
6.4 Heavy-Metal Tolerance and Genetic Adaptation in Animals........... 137
6.4.1 Springtail Orchesella cincta:
Model of Cadmium Tolerance in Animals........................... 139
Contents ix
6.5 Hyperaccumulating Plants: Surviving
in Adverse Environments................................................................. 140
6.5.1 Why Do Closely Related Plant Species
Posses Contrasting Tolerance to Heavy Metals?.................. 148
6.5.2 Ecological Mode of Action of Metal Defenses.................... 151
6.5.3 Cross Talk Between Metal and Biotic Stress Signaling........ 152
6.5.4 Long-Term Strategy of Hyperaccumulators......................... 154
6.5.5 Costs of Metal Resistance and Adaptation........................... 155
7 The Potential of Stress Response: Ecological Transcriptomics ......... 161
7.1 Archaea............................................................................................. 164
7.2 Bacteria............................................................................................. 165
7.2.1 Escherichia coli..................................................................... 166
7.2.2 Shewanella oneidensis.......................................................... 166
7.3 Plants................................................................................................ 167
7.3.1 General and Specific Responses to Abiotic Stress............... 167
7.3.2 Climate Change.................................................................... 170
7.3.3 Towards a Regulon............................................................... 171
7.3.4 Plant-Pathogen Interactions.................................................. 174
7.3.5 Plant-Herbivore Interactions................................................. 174
7.3.6 Response to Selected Anthropogenic Stressors.................... 180
7.4 Stress-Related Gene Expression Profiles in Animals....................... 181
7.4.1 Response Patterns................................................................. 181
7.4.2 Establishing the Defensome................................................. 183
7.4.3 Natural Abiotic Stressors...................................................... 185
7.4.4 Natural Biotic Stressors........................................................ 186
7.4.5 Selected Anthropogenic Stressors........................................ 187
7.5 Stress-Related Gene Expression Profiles in Fish.............................. 196
7.5.1 Abiotic Stressors................................................................... 196
7.5.2 Biotic Stressors..................................................................... 203
7.6 Linkages Between Gene Expression
and Higher Biological Levels........................................................... 206
7.7 Population Genetics.......................................................................... 208
7.7.1 Metapopulation of the Butterfly Melitaea cinxia.................. 208
7.7.2 The Estuarine Killifish Fundulus heteroclitus...................... 210
8 Not AU Is in the Genes............................................................................ 213
8.1 No Junk: MicroRNAs....................................................................... 213
8.1.1 miRNAs Regulate Plant Responses
to Environmental Stresses..................................................... 214
8.1.2 miRNAs Regulate Animal Responses
to Environmental Stresses..................................................... 218
8.2 Environmental Stress, Transgenerational
Inheritance, and Epigenetics............................................................. 219
8.2.1 Transgenerational Effects..................................................... 219
8.2.2 Epigenetic Effects................................................................. 224
8.2.3 Environment and Epigenetic Mechanisms........................... 230
x Contents
9 The Actual Response: Ecological Proteomics
and Metabolomics.................................................................................. 241
9.1 Basics of Proteomics and Metabolomics........................................ 241
9.2 Minimal Stress Response............................................................... 242
9.3 Key Studies of Ecological Proteomics and Metabolomics............. 248
9.3.1 Archaea and Oxidative Stress........................................... 249
9.3.2 Bacteria and Salt............................................................... 249
9.3.3 Fungi................................................................................. 250
9.3.4 Plants................................................................................. 250
9.3.5 Animals: Fish.................................................................... 261
9.3.6 Animals: Arthropods........................................................ 269
9.3.7 Animals: Worms............................................................... 275
9.4 Metaproteomics: Microbial Communities..................................... 276
10 Whatever Doesn t Kill You Might Make
You Stronger: Hormesis ........................................................................ 279
10.1 History............................................................................................ 279
10.2 Examples........................................................................................ 280
10.3 How Variable Are Stress Responses?............................................. 283
10.4 Sustainability of Hormetic Responses............................................ 285
10.5 Hormesis in Mixtures..................................................................... 287
10.6 Underlying Mechanisms................................................................. 287
11 Multiple Stressors as Environmental Realism:
Synergism or Antagonism...................................................................... 295
11.1 Additive/Synergistic Effects........................................................... 301
11.1.1 Seegrass: Heat Stress and Drift Algae.............................. 301
11.1.2 Amphibians: Environmental Stress and Predators............ 302
11.1.3 Amphibians: Environmental Stress
and Intraspecific Competition........................................... 302
11.1.4 Combinations with Toxicants Introduced by Man............ 303
11.2 Mixed Effects................................................................................. 306
11.3 Antagonistic Effects....................................................................... 307
11.3.1 Food Stress and Natural Xenobiotics................................ 307
11.3.2 Prédation Threat and Parasites.......................................... 308
11.3.3 Non-pathogenic Bacteria and Systemic
Resistance in Plants.......................................................... 308
12 One Stressor Prepares for the Next One
to Come: Cross-Tolerance..................................................................... 311
12.1 Cross-Tolerance in Microorganisms............................................... 313
12.1.1 Escherichia coli................................................................. 313
12.1.2 The Marine Vibrio Parahaemolyticus............................... 314
12.2 Free-Living Yeasts.......................................................................... 315
Contents xi
12.3 Examples of Cross-Tolerance in Plants.......................................... 315
12.3.1 UV-Stress and Resistance Against Pathogens.................. 315
12.3.2 Heavy Metal Stress and Resistance
Against Pathogens and Parasites....................................... 318
12.4 Examples of Cross-Tolerance in Animals...................................... 319
12.4.1 Anhydrobiosis................................................................... 319
12.4.2 Swordtails, Xiphophorus Hellen...................................... 322
12.4.3 Aquatic Invertebrates........................................................ 323
13 Longevity: Risky Shift in Population Structure?................................ 327
13.1 Plants.............................................................................................. 327
13.2 Animals.......................................................................................... 329
13.2.1 Regulation of Lifespan Extension in Animals.................. 331
13.2.2 Which Genders and Life Traits Are Affected?................. 335
13.2.3 Which Life Phase Is Expanded?....................................... 337
14 Footprints of Stress in Communities.................................................... 345
14.1 Fluctuating Asymmetry.................................................................. 345
14.2 Quality Indices with Emphasis on Freshwaters............................. 350
14.2.1 Indices for Saproby, Eutrophication,
and Further Impacts.......................................................... 350
14.2.2 Feeding Types................................................................... 351
14.3 Maintenance Strategies with Emphasis
on Free-Living Nematodes............................................................. 353
14.4 Species at Risk Indices, SPEAR.................................................... 354
14.5 Biomass Spectra............................................................................. 356
14.5.1 Food Web Structure.......................................................... 359
14.5.2 Invasive Species................................................................ 359
14.5.3 Chemical Constraints........................................................ 360
15 Environmental Stresses: Ecological
Driving Force and Key Player in Evolution......................................... 369
15.1 Ecological Driving Force............................................................... 369
15.2 Trigger of Microevolution and Evolution....................................... 373
15.2.1 Microevolution.................................................................. 373
15.2.2 Evolution........................................................................... 376
15.2.3 RoleofEpigenetics........................................................... 381
15.2.4 The TATA Box and Evolution........................................... 383
15.2.5 Sex as Stress Response..................................................... 385
Appendices....................................................................................................... 387
Appendix 1: Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Families.................................... 387
Appendix 2: Classification of Glutathione Transferases........................... 387
Cytosolic GSTs............................................................................... 387
xii Contents
Appendix 3: Transporters.......................................................................... 393
The P-gp (ABCB) Family.............................................................. 393
The MRP (ABCC) Family.............................................................. 394
The MXR (ABCG) Family, Also Called
White-Brown Complex Homologs (WBCs)................................... 394
Transporter Proteins in Plants........................................................ 395
Abbreviations and Glossary........................................................................... 401
References........................................................................................................ 407
Index................................................................................................................. 461
|
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| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:08:57Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789400720718 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XII, 480 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
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| spelling | Steinberg, Christian E. W. 1949- Verfasser (DE-588)172385113 aut Stress ecology environmental stress as ecological driving force and key player in evolution Christian E. W. Steinberg 1. Aufl. Dordrecht [u.a.] Springer 2012 XII, 480 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturangaben S. 407 - 460 Stressreaktion (DE-588)4138565-2 gnd rswk-swf Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 gnd rswk-swf Stressreaktion (DE-588)4138565-2 s Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024534421&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Steinberg, Christian E. W. 1949- Stress ecology environmental stress as ecological driving force and key player in evolution Stressreaktion (DE-588)4138565-2 gnd Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4138565-2 (DE-588)4043207-5 |
| title | Stress ecology environmental stress as ecological driving force and key player in evolution |
| title_auth | Stress ecology environmental stress as ecological driving force and key player in evolution |
| title_exact_search | Stress ecology environmental stress as ecological driving force and key player in evolution |
| title_full | Stress ecology environmental stress as ecological driving force and key player in evolution Christian E. W. Steinberg |
| title_fullStr | Stress ecology environmental stress as ecological driving force and key player in evolution Christian E. W. Steinberg |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stress ecology environmental stress as ecological driving force and key player in evolution Christian E. W. Steinberg |
| title_short | Stress ecology |
| title_sort | stress ecology environmental stress as ecological driving force and key player in evolution |
| title_sub | environmental stress as ecological driving force and key player in evolution |
| topic | Stressreaktion (DE-588)4138565-2 gnd Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Stressreaktion Ökologie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024534421&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT steinbergchristianew stressecologyenvironmentalstressasecologicaldrivingforceandkeyplayerinevolution |