The international law on foreign investment:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
2011
|
| Ausgabe: | 3. ed., repr. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXIX, 524 S. |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804148551446429696 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: The international law on foreign investment
Autor: Sornarajah, Muthucumaraswamy
Jahr: 2011
Contents
Prejaee to the third edition page xv
Prejaee to the second edition xvii
Prejaee to the first edition xviii
Table t cases xix
List oj ahhreviations xxx
1 Introduction 1
1. The definition offoreign investment 8
1.1 The distinetion between portfolio investment and foreign
direct investment 8
1.2 Definition offoreign investment in investment treaties 10
1.3 The evolution of the meaning of the term investment 11
2. The history of the international law on foreign investment 19
2.1 The colonial period 19
2.2 The post-colonial period 21
3. An outline of the book 29
2 The shaping factors 33
1. The historical setting 36
1.1 State responsibility for injuries to aliens 36
1.1.1 The natural resources sector 38
1. 1.2 The plantation sector 41
1.1.3 The manufacturing sector 42
1.1.4 The fmancial sector 44
1.1.5 Intellectual property 44
2. Contiicling economic theories on foreign Investment 47
2.1 The classical theory on foreign investment 48
2.2 The dependency theory 53
2.3 The middle path 55
3. Actors in the field offoreign investment 60
3.1 The multinational Corporation 61
3.2 State corporations 63
Contents
3.3 International institutions 65
3.4 Non-governmental organisations 67
3.5 Other actors 68
3.6 Sovereign wealth funds 68
4. Risks in foreign investment 69
4.1 Ideological hostility 71
4.2 Nationalism 71
4.3 Ethnicity as a factor 73
4.4 Changes in industry patterns 74
4.5 Contracts made by previous regimes 75
4.6 Onerous contracts 76
4.7 Regulation of the economy 77
4.8 Human rights and environmental concerns 77
4.9 The law-and-order Situation 79
5. Sources of the international law on foreign investment 79
5.1 Treaties 79
5.2 Custom 82
5.3 General principles of law 85
5.4 Judicial decisions 87
Controls by the host State 88
1. Regulation ofentry 97
1.1 Guarantees against expropriation 99
1.2 Guarantees relating to dispute settlement 102
1.3 Tax and non-tax incentives to foreign investors 103
1.4 Screening offoreign investment entry 104
1.5 Requirements of local collaboration 106
1.6 Capitalisation requirements 108
1.7 Requirements relating to environmental protection 109
1.8 Requirements relating to export targets 111
1.9 Requirements relating to local equity 112
1.10 Other requirements 115
1.11 Regulation and expropriation 115
2. New forms of foreign investment 116
2.1 The Joint venture 116
2.2 The production-sharing agreement 118
3. Constraints on control: customary international law 119
3.1 State responsibility for injuries to aliens 120
3.2 The conflict between the United States and Latin
American states 124
3.3 The content of the international minimum Standard 128
3.4 State responsibility and developing states 130
3.5 The noble synthesis 131
Contents ix
3.6 Damage to property in the course of civil disturbances 134
3.7 Validity of conditions on foreign investment 136
3.7.1 Regulations on Screening of foreign investments 137
3.7.2 Local equity requirements 138
3.7.3 Export requirements 141
4. Conclusion 142
4 The liability of multinational corporations and home State measures 144
1. Obligations of multinational corporations 145
1.1 The Obligation not to interfere in domestic politics 148
1.2 Obligations relating to human rights 149
1.3 Liability for violations of environmental norms 152
1.4 The Obligation to promote economic development 154
2. Extraterritorial control by home states 155
2.1 State responsibility of home states for failure to control
multinational corporations 157
2.2 The existing rules on State responsibility 157
2.3 The duty to control nationals abroad 164
2.4 State responsibility and the duty to provide remedies
to victims 169
3. Conclusion 170
5 Bilateral investment treaties 172
1. Introductory survey 175
2. Treaties of ffiendship, commerce and navigation 180
3. Reasons for making bilateral investment treaties 183
4. Features of bilateral investment treaties 187
4.1 The Statement ofthepurpose of the treaty 188
4.2 Definitions 190
4.2.1 Investments 190
4.2.2 Limitation on the definition of investment 194
4.2.3 Portfolio investments 196
4.2.4 Corporate nationality and the protection of
shareholders 197
4.3 Standard of treatment 201
4.3.1 National Standard of treatment 201
4.3.2 Fair and equitable Standard 204
4.3.3 Most-favoured-nation treatment 204
4.3.4 Füll protection and security 205
4.4 Performance requirements 205
4.5 Repatriation of profits 206
4.6 Nationalisation and compensation 207
4.6.1 Compensation for destruction during wars and
national emergencies 213
Contents
A.l Protection of commitments 215
4.8 Dispute resolution 216
4.9 Arbitration and the exhaustion of local remedies 219
4.9.1 Arbitration between states 221
4.9.2 Subrogation 222
4.10 Safeguard provisions and exceptions 222
4.11 Succession of govemments and bilateral investment treaties 224
5. New concerns in bilateral investment treaties 224
5.1 Environmental concerns 225
5.2 Human rights 227
5.3 Economic development 229
5.4 International concerns 230
5.5 Regulatory space and bilateral treaties 231
5.6 Bilateral investment treaties and customary
international law 232
6. Conclusion 234
6 Multilateral instruments on foreign investment 236
1. The international norms on multinational corporations 238
2. The Draft Codes on Multinational Corporations 242
2.1 Description of the UNCTC Draft Code 242
2.1.1 Thepreamble 243
2.1.2 Definition 243
2.1.3 Respect for national sovereignty 243
2.1.4 Renegotiation of contracts 244
2.1.5 Non-interference in domestic affairs 244
2.1.6 Abstention from corrupt practices 246
2.1.7 Economic and other controls 247
2.1.8 Disclosure of information 248
2.1.9 Treatment of transnational corporations 248
3. The outstanding issues 249
3.1 The relevance of international law 249
3.2 Non-interference in domestic affairs 250
3.3 Permanent sovereignty and international obligations 252
4. The regional agreements 253
4.1 NAFTA 253
4.2 The ASEAN agreements 254
5. The Multilateral Agreement on Investment 257
6. The WTO and foreign investment 262
6.1 Investment in the Uruguay Round 263
6.2 GATS 263
6.3 TRIPS 265
6.4 TRIMS 266
Contents xi
7. An investment regime under the WTO 267
7.1 The definition of investment 267
7.2 Definition and preservation of regulatory control 268
7.3 Definition of investor 269
7.4 Treatment Standards 269
7.4.1 Most-favoured-nation treatment 270
7.5 Performance requirements 271
7.6 Expropriation 271
7.7 Balance-of-payment safeguards 272
7.8 Dispute resolution 272
8. The right to regulate foreign investment 273
9. Conclusion 275
Settlement of investment disputes: contract-based arbitration 276
1. Contractual devices for foreign investment protection 279
1.1 The essential clauses 281
1.1.1 The stabilisation clause 281
1.1.2 Choice-of-law clause 284
1.1.3 Arbitration clause 286
2. The internationalisation of State contracts 289
2.1 The origin of the theory of internationalisation 289
2.2 The ICSID Convention and international law 299
2.3 The continued relevance of contract-based arbitration 300
2.4 Lex mercatoria and State contracts 302
2.5 Umbrella clauses and internationalisation 304
2.6 Arbitration based on investment legislation 304
3. Conclusion 305
Treaty-based investment arbitration: jurisdictional issues 306
1. Jurisdiction ratione materiae 308
1.1 The definition of investment 308
1.2 Economic development as a characteristic
of investment 313
1.3 Does portfolio investment qualify as investment? 314
1.4 Pre-contractual expenses as investment 316
1.5 The qualification of investment as subject to local laws
and regulations 317
1.6 Good faith limitations 318
1.7 Investments approved in writing 319
1.8 The time factor 319
1.9 Negotiations 320
1.10 The fork in the road and waiver 320
1.11 Most-favoured-nation clause 322
1.12 Exhaustionof local remedies 322
Contents
2. The investor as claimant 323
2.1 Natural persons 323
2.2 Juridical person: corporate nationality 323
2.3 Locally incorporated Company 324
2.4 The wholly owned Company 325
2.5 The migration of companies 325
2.6 Shopping for Jurisdiction 327
2.7 Round-tripping and corporate nationality 328
2.8 Denial of benefits 329
2.9 Protection of minority shareholders 329
3. Conclusion 330
9 Causes ofaction: breaches of treatment Standards 332
1. The customary international law Standards 334
2. The violation of national treatment Standards 335
2.1 Performance requirements and national treatment 342
2.2 National treatment and infant industries 343
2.3 Subsidies, grants and national treatment 344
2.4 Ethnicity and national treatment 344
2.5 Conclusion 344
3. International minimum Standard treatment 345
4. Fair and equitable Standard of treatment 349
4.1 Violation oflegitimate expectations 354
4.2 Denial of justice 357
4.3 Due process and administrative irregularity 358
5. Füll protection and security 359
6. Conclusion 360
10 The taking of foreign property 363
1. What constitutes taking? 364
1.1 New forms of taking 367
1.2 The ideas of property 369
1.2.1 Forced sales of property 376
1.2.2 Forced sales ofshares 377
1.3 Privatisation and forced sales 380
1.3.1 Indigenisation measures 380
1.3.2 Interference with property rights 382
1.4 Evolving US and European notions of property 383
1.5 The impact on international law 386
1.6 Survey of authorities 389
2. The exercise of management control over the investment 400
2.1 Cancellation of permits and licences 402
2.2 Takings by agents and mobs 404
2.3 Excessive taxation 405
Contents xiii
2.4 Expulsion of the foreign investor 405
2.5 Freezing of bank accounts 406
2.6 Exchange controls 406
3. Illegal takings 406
3.1 The taking must be for a public purpose 407
3.2 Discriminatory taking 409
3.3 Takings in violation of treaties 410
4. Conclusion 410
11 Compensation for nationalisation of foreign investments 412
1. The competing norms: the views of the capital-exporting states 413
1.1 The claim that prompt, adequate and effective
compensation must be paid 414
1.1.1 Treaties 415
1.1.2 Customary practice 417
1.1.3 General principles of law 418
1.1.4 Unjust enrichment 418
1.1.5 Acquired rights 419
1.1.6 Right to property 420
1.1.7 Foreign investment codes 424
1.1.8 Decisions of courts and tribunals 425
1.1.9 International courts 425
1.1.10 Awards of arbitral tribunals 429
1.1.11 National courts 440
1.1.12 Writings ofpublicists 441
2. The competing norms 443
2.1 The claim that it is permissible to deduct past excess
profits from compensation 443
2.2 The claim that the taking is a revindication for which no
compensation is necessary 444
2.3 The claim that appropriate compensation should be paid 445
2.3.1 Categories of takings for which damages rather
than compensation must be paid 447
2.3.2 Categories of lawful takings for which füll
compensation must be paid 447
2.3.3 Füll compensation must be paid where there is a
one-off taking ofa small business 448
2.3.4 Füll compensation need not be paid as part ofa
full-scale nationalisation of a whole industry 448
2.3.5 Partial compensation 449
3. Valuation ofnationalised property 450
4. Conclusion 451
Contents
12 Defences to responsibility 453
1. Treaty-based defences 455
1.1 National security 457
1.2 Economic crises and national security 458
1.3 Necessity 461
1.4 Force majeure 465
2. Violation of the fair and equitable Standard by the foreign
investor 466
3. Ius cogens, competing obligations and liability 469
3.1 Transactions with undemocratic governments 470
3.2 Investments in areas of secessionist claims 471
3.3 Cultural property and foreign investment 471
3.4 Environmental obligations 472
3.5 Human rights considerations 472
4. Conclusion 473
Bibliography 474
Index 494
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Sornarajah, M. 1942- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)142999199 |
| author_facet | Sornarajah, M. 1942- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Sornarajah, M. 1942- |
| author_variant | m s ms |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV039685084 |
| classification_rvk | PR 2352 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)695892765 (DE-599)BVBBV039685084 |
| dewey-full | 346.092 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 346 - Private law |
| dewey-raw | 346.092 |
| dewey-search | 346.092 |
| dewey-sort | 3346.092 |
| dewey-tens | 340 - Law |
| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
| edition | 3. ed., repr. |
| format | Book |
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| spelling | Sornarajah, M. 1942- Verfasser (DE-588)142999199 aut The international law on foreign investment M. Sornarajah Foreign investment 3. ed., repr. Cambridge [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 2011 XXIX, 524 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Auslandsinvestition (DE-588)4003772-1 gnd rswk-swf Freihandelszone (DE-588)4155312-3 gnd rswk-swf Direktinvestition (DE-588)4070496-8 gnd rswk-swf Völkerrecht (DE-588)4063693-8 gnd rswk-swf Freihandelszone (DE-588)4155312-3 s Direktinvestition (DE-588)4070496-8 s Völkerrecht (DE-588)4063693-8 s DE-604 Auslandsinvestition (DE-588)4003772-1 s 1\p DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024534006&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Sornarajah, M. 1942- The international law on foreign investment Auslandsinvestition (DE-588)4003772-1 gnd Freihandelszone (DE-588)4155312-3 gnd Direktinvestition (DE-588)4070496-8 gnd Völkerrecht (DE-588)4063693-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4003772-1 (DE-588)4155312-3 (DE-588)4070496-8 (DE-588)4063693-8 |
| title | The international law on foreign investment |
| title_alt | Foreign investment |
| title_auth | The international law on foreign investment |
| title_exact_search | The international law on foreign investment |
| title_full | The international law on foreign investment M. Sornarajah |
| title_fullStr | The international law on foreign investment M. Sornarajah |
| title_full_unstemmed | The international law on foreign investment M. Sornarajah |
| title_short | The international law on foreign investment |
| title_sort | the international law on foreign investment |
| topic | Auslandsinvestition (DE-588)4003772-1 gnd Freihandelszone (DE-588)4155312-3 gnd Direktinvestition (DE-588)4070496-8 gnd Völkerrecht (DE-588)4063693-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Auslandsinvestition Freihandelszone Direktinvestition Völkerrecht |
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