Second language research: methodology and design
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| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
New York, NY [u.a.]
Routledge
2010
|
| Edition: | 1. publ., repr. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XV, 405 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 0805856021 0805842497 9780805842494 |
Staff View
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804148461715587072 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
PREFACE
xiii
1
INTRODUCTION
TO
RESEARCH
1
1.1.
Different
Types
of
Research
2
1.2.
What is a Research Report?
5
1.2.1.
Title Page
6
1.2.2.
Abstract
7
1.2.3.
Introduction
7
1.2.4.
Methods Section
9
1.2.5.
Results
13
1.2.6.
Discussion/Conclusion
15
1.2.7.
Notes IS
1.2.8.
References
16
1.2.9.
Appendixes
16
1.3.
Identifying Research Questions
16
1.3.1.
Feasibility
18
1.3.2.
Research Questions and Hypotheses
19
1.3.3.
Replication
21
1.4.
Conclusion
23
Follow-Up Questions and Activities
23
2
ISSUES RELATED TO DATA GATHERING
25
2.1.
Ethical Issues In Research Involving
Human Subjects
25
2.1.1.
Obtaining Informed Consent
From Second Language Learners
26
2.1.2.
History of Institutional Review of Human
Subjects Research, Compliance,
and Problem Solving
36
vi
__________________________________________________________CONTENTS
2.2.
Conclusion
41
Follow-Up
Questions
and Activities
41
3
COMMON DATA COLLECTION MEASURES
43
3.1.
Pilot Testing
43
3.2.
The Significance of Data Collection Measures
44
3.2.1.
Syntax: Japanese Passives
45
3.2.2.
Interaction Research
46
3.2.3.
Pragmatics Research
47
3.3.
Researching Formal Models
of Language
48
3.3.1.
Acceptability Judgments
48
3.3.2.
Elicited Imitation
SS
3.3.3.
Magnitude Estimation
56
Ъ.ЪА.
Truth-Value Judgments and Other
Interpretation Tasks
58
3.3.5.
Sentence Matching
59
3.4.
Processing Research
61
3.4.1.
Sentence Interpretation
61
3.4.2.
Reaction Time
62
ЪЛ.Ъ.
Moving Window
63
3.5.
Interaction-Based Research
65
3.5.1.
Picture Description Tasks
66
3.5.2.
Spot the
Différence
67
3.5.3.
Jigsaw Tasks
71
3.5.4.
Consensus Tasks
72
3.5.5.
Consciousness-Raising Tasks
74
3.5.6.
Computer-Mediated Research
75
3.6.
Strategies and Cognitive Processes
75
3.6.1.
Observations
76
3.6.2.
Introspective Measures
77
3.7.
Sociolinguistic/Pragmatics-Based Research
85
3.7.1.
Naturalistic Settings
86
3.7.2.
Elicited Narratives
87
3.7.3.
Discourse Completion Test (DCT)
89
3.7.4.
Role Play
91
3.7.5.
Video Playback for Interpretation
91
3.8.
Questionnaires and Surveys
92
3.9.
Existing Databases
97
3.9.1.
CHILD
ES
97
3.9.2.
Other Corpora
97
3.10.
Conclusion
98
Follow-Up Questions and Activities
98
CONTENTS___________________________________________________
vii
4 RESEARCH VARIABLES,
VALIDITY,
100
AND RELIABILITY
4.1.
Introduction
100
4.2.
Hypotheses
100
4.3.
Variable Types
101
4.3.1.
Independent and Dependent Variables
103
4.3.2.
Moderator Variables
103
4.3.3.
Intervening Variables
104
4.3.4.
Control Variables
104
4.4.
Operationalization
105
4.5.
Measuring Variables: Scales of Measurement
105
4.6.
Validity
106
4.6.1.
Content Validity
107
4.6.2.
Face Validity
107
4.6.3.
Construct Validity
107
4.6.4.
Criterion-Related Validity
108
4.6.5.
Predictive Validity
108
4.6.6.
Internal Validity
109
4.6.7.
External Validity
119
4.7.
Reliability
128
4.7.1.
Rater Reliability
128
4.7.2.
Instrument Reliability
129
4.8.
Conclusion
130
Follow-Up Questions and Activities
131
5
DESIGNING A QUANTITATIVE STUDY
137
5.1.
Introduction
137
5.2.
Research Materials
138
5.3.
Intact Classes
141
5.4.
Counterbalancing
143
5.5.
Research Design Types
145
5.5.1.
Correlational (Associational) Research
145
5.5.2.
Experimental and Quasi-Experimental
Research
146
5.5.3.
Measuring the Effect of Treatment
148
5.5.4.
Repeated Measures Design
150
5.5.5.
Factorial Design
151
5.5.6.
Time-Series Design
152
5.5.7.
One-Shot Designs
156
5.6.
Finalizing Your Project
158
5.7.
Conclusion
159
Follow-Up Questions and Activities
159
viii
___________________________________________________
CONTENTS
6
QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
162
6.1.
Defining
Qualitative Research
162
6.2.
Gathering
Qualitative Data
167
6.2.1.
Ethnographies 1
67
6.2.2.
Casestudies
171
6.2.3.
Interviews
173
6.2.4.
Observations
175
6.2.5.
Diaries /Journals
176
6.3.
Analyzing
Qualitative Data
178
6.3.1.
Credibility,
Transferabüity,
Confírmability
and
Dependability
179
6.3.2.
Triangulation
181
6.3.3.
The Role of Quantification
in Qualitative Research
182
6.4.
Conclusion
182
Follow-Up Questions and Activities
183
7
CLASSROOM RESEARCH
185
7.1.
Classroom Research Contexts
18
J
7.2.
Common Techniques for Data Collection
in Classroom Research
186
7.2.1.
Observations
186
7.3.
Introspective Methods in Classroom Research
201
7.3.1.
Uptake Sheets
201
7.3.2.
Stimulated Recall
203
7.3.3.
Diary Research in Classroom Contexts
203
7.4.
Practical Considerations
in Classroom Research 20S
7.4.1.
Logistical Issues to Consider When Carrying Out
Classroom Research
206
7.4.2.
Problematics
209
7.5.
Purposes and Types of Research Conducted in
Classroom Settings
212
7.5.1.
The Relationship Between Instruction
and Learning in Second Language
Classrooms
213
7.5.2.
Action Research
216
7.6.
Conclusion
219
Follow-Up Questions and Activities
220
CONTENTS
8
CODING
221
8.1.
Preparing Data for Coding
221
8.1.1.
Transcribing Oral Data
222
8.2.
Data Coding
225
8.2.1.
Coding Nominal Data
226
8.2.2.
Coding Ordinal Data
221
8.2.3.
Coding Interval Data
229
8.3.
Coding Systems
230
8.3.1.
Common Coding Systems
and Categories
231
8.3.2.
Custom-Made Coding Systems
234
8.3.3.
Coding Qualitative Data
241
8.4.
Interrater
Reliability
242
8.4.1.
Calculating
Interrater
Reliability
243
8.5.
The Mechanics of Coding
246
8.5.1.
How Much to Code?
247
8.5.2.
When to Make Coding Decisions?
248
8.6.
Conclusion
248
Follow-Up Questions and Activities
248
9
ANALYZING QUANTITATIVE DATA
250
9.1.
Introduction
250
9.2.
Descriptive Statistics
250
9.2.1.
Measures of Frequency
251
9.2.2.
Measures of Central Tendency
254
9.2.3.
Measures of Dispersion
258
9.3.
Normal Distribution
26
і
9.4.
Standard Scores
263
9.5.
Probability
264
9.6.
Inferential Statistics
269
9.6.1.
Prerequisites
269
9.6.2.
Parametric Versus Nonparametric
Statistics
271
9.6.3.
Parametric Statistics
272
9.6.4.
Nonparametric Tests
278
9.7.
Statistical Tables
280
9.8.
Strength of Association
282
9.9.
Eta2 and Omega2
282
9.10.
Effect Size
282
CONTENTS
9.11.
Meta-Analyses
283
9.12.
Correlation
284
9.12.1.
Pearson Product-Moment Correlation
286
9.12.2.
Spearman Rho/Kendall
Tau 290
9.12.3.
Factor Analysis
290
9.13.
Statistical Packages
291
9.13.1.
SPSS
291
9.13.2.
VARBRUL
291
9.14.
Conclusion
292
Follow-Up Questions and Activities
292
10
CONCLUDING AND REPORTING RESEARCH
297
10.1.
The Importance of Reporting Research
297
10.2.
The Final Stages in Reporting Quantitative
Research
298
10.2.1.
The Discussion
298
10.2.2.
Limitations, Future Research,
and Conclusion Sections
302
10.3.
The Final Stages in Reporting Qualitative
Research
304
10.4.
Reporting Combined Method (Quantitative and
Qualitative) Research
307
10.5.
Checklist for Completing Reports of Research
308
10.5.1.
The Research Problem and Questions
308
10.5.2.
The Research Hypotheses
309
10.5.3.
The Audience
309
10.5.4.
The Abstract
310
10.5.5.
The Literature Review
310
10.5.6.
The Design of the Study
311
10.5.7.
Logistics
311
10.5.8.
Participants
312
10.5.9.
Data Gathering
312
10.5.10.
Data Analysis
312
10.5.11.
Conclusions
314
10.5.12.
References
315
10.5.13.
Footnotes,
Endnotes,
Figures,
and Tables
316
10.5.14.
Author s Note/Acknowledgments
317
10.5.15.
Postresearch Concerns
318
10.5.16.
Final Touches and Formatting
318
10.6.
Conclusion
320
Follow-Up Questions and Activities
320
CONTENTS
APPENDIX
A:
SAMPLE SHORT FORM
WRITTEN
322
CONSENT DOCUMENT FOR SUBJECTS WHO
DO NOT SPEAK ENGLISH
APPENDIX B: SAMPLE CONSENT FORM FOR
323
A STUDY IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE CONTEXT
APPENDIX C: SAMPLE CONSENT FORM FOR
324
A CLASSROOM STUDY
APPENDIX D-G: SAMPLE INSTITUTIONAL
326
REVIEW BOARD APPLICATION:
GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY, FORMS
1-4
APPENDIX H: SAMPLE TRANSCRIPTION
342
CONVENTIONS: JEFFERSONIAN
TRANSCRIPTION CONVENTIONS
APPENDIX I: SAMPLE TRANSCRIPTION
345
CONVENTIONS FOR THE L2 CLASSROOM
APPENDIX J: COMMONLY-USED FORMULA
347
GLOSSARY
350
REFERENCES
370
AUTHOR INDEX
387
SUBJECT INDEX
393
|
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| discipline | Pädagogik Sprachwissenschaft Literaturwissenschaft |
| edition | 1. publ., repr. |
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| spelling | Mackey, Alison 1966- Verfasser (DE-588)138763682 aut Second language research methodology and design Alison Mackey ; Susan M. Gass 1. publ., repr. New York, NY [u.a.] Routledge 2010 XV, 405 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Fremdsprachenlernen (DE-588)4071461-5 gnd rswk-swf Sprachlehrforschung (DE-588)4126765-5 gnd rswk-swf Forschungsmethode (DE-588)4155046-8 gnd rswk-swf 1\p (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Fremdsprachenlernen (DE-588)4071461-5 s Sprachlehrforschung (DE-588)4126765-5 s Forschungsmethode (DE-588)4155046-8 s DE-604 Gass, Susan M. 1943- Verfasser (DE-588)121608840 aut Digitalisierung UB Bamberg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024467157&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Mackey, Alison 1966- Gass, Susan M. 1943- Second language research methodology and design Fremdsprachenlernen (DE-588)4071461-5 gnd Sprachlehrforschung (DE-588)4126765-5 gnd Forschungsmethode (DE-588)4155046-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4071461-5 (DE-588)4126765-5 (DE-588)4155046-8 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Second language research methodology and design |
| title_auth | Second language research methodology and design |
| title_exact_search | Second language research methodology and design |
| title_full | Second language research methodology and design Alison Mackey ; Susan M. Gass |
| title_fullStr | Second language research methodology and design Alison Mackey ; Susan M. Gass |
| title_full_unstemmed | Second language research methodology and design Alison Mackey ; Susan M. Gass |
| title_short | Second language research |
| title_sort | second language research methodology and design |
| title_sub | methodology and design |
| topic | Fremdsprachenlernen (DE-588)4071461-5 gnd Sprachlehrforschung (DE-588)4126765-5 gnd Forschungsmethode (DE-588)4155046-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Fremdsprachenlernen Sprachlehrforschung Forschungsmethode Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024467157&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mackeyalison secondlanguageresearchmethodologyanddesign AT gasssusanm secondlanguageresearchmethodologyanddesign |