Impactul politicilor economice asupra balanţei de plăţi:
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| Item Description: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The impact of economic policies upon the balance of payments |
| Physical Description: | 221 S. graph. Darst. |
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| adam_text | CUPRINS
PARTEA I
ASPECTE TEORETICE PRIVIND BALANŢA DE PLĂŢI
INTRODUCERE
..................................................................................................................9
1.
ASPECTE TEORETICE PRIVIND AJUSTAREA BALANŢEI DE PLĂŢI
................10
/./.
Efectul-preţ
................................................................... ..................... ...................10
1.2.
Teoria absorbţiei
....................................................................................................12
1.3.
Abordarea monetaristă şi critica acesteia
.............................................................. 15
2.
MODELAREA CONTULUI CURENT. ABORDARE TEORETICĂ
..........................19
2.1.
Introducere în problematica contului curent
..........................................................19
2.2.
Modelul Mundell-Fleming
......................................................................................20
2.2.1.
Rata de schimb fixă
...................................................................................21
2.2.2.Rata de schimb flexibilă
.............................................................................21
2.3.
Modelul
Intertemporal
cu un singur bun
................................................................22
3.
IMPLICAŢIILE POLITICILOR FISCALĂ ŞI MONETARĂ
ASUPRA BALANŢEI DE PLĂŢI. ASPECTE TEORETICE
......................................28
3.1.
Politicile fiscale şi monetare în condiţiile ratelor de schimb fixe
şi a mobilităţii capitalului pe plan internaţional
.................................................28
3.1.1.
Modelul
.....................................................................................................31
3.1.2.
Politica fiscală în condiţiile ratelor de schimb fixe,
considerând diferite grade de mobilitate a capitalului
..............................33
3.2.
Politica monetară în condiţiile ratelor de schimb fixe,
considerând diferite grade
de mobilitate a
capitalului
.......................................37
3.3.
Situaţia de nesterilizare a variaţiilor rezervelor valutare internaţionale.
...........38
3.3.1.
Efectele unei expansiuni fiscale
................................................................39
3.3.2.
Efectele unei expansiuni monetare
............................................................40
3.4.
Alte mecanisme automate de ajustare
.................................................................41
3.5.
Politicile fiscale şi monetare în condiţiile ratelor de schimb flotante
şi a mobilităţii capitalului pe plan internaţional
.................................................42
3.5.1.
Politica fiscală în condiţiile ratelor de schimb flotante
şi a diferite grade de mobilitate a capitalului
............................................42
3.5.2.
Politica monetară în condiţiile ratelor de schimb flotante
şi a diferite grade de mobilitate a capitalului
............................................46
3.5.3.
Politicile monetare şi fiscale în condiţiile mobilităţii perfecte
a capitalului
..............................................................................................49
3.5.4.
Transmiterea internaţională a dezechilibrelor în condiţiile
ratelor de schimb flotante şi a mobilităţii capitalului
...............................56
PARTEA A II-A
METODE DE ANALIZĂ A BALANŢEI DE PLĂŢI. CAZUL ROMÂNIEI
4.
METODE DE ANALIZĂ A CONTULUI CURENT ÎN LITERATURĂ
ŞI SITUAŢIA DIN ROMÂNIA
.....................................................................................65
4.1.
Studii asupra dinamicii contului curent în ţările în tranziţie
...............................66
4.2.
Analiza balanţei de plăţi externe a României
......................................................68
PARTEA A III-A
IMPACTUL POLITICILOR ECONOMICE ASUPRA COMPONENTELOR
BALANŢEI DE PLĂŢI
5.
IMPACTUL POLITICII MONETARE ASUPRA BALANŢEI DE PLĂŢI
................91
6.
IMPACTUL POLITICII
SALARIALE
ASUPRA BALANŢEI DE PLĂŢI
..............105
6.1.
Modelarea impactului politicilor
salariale
asupra contului
curent cu ajutorul regresiei lineare multiple
..................................................... 105
6.2.
O prognoză asupra contului curent folosind modelele
de
regresie
lineară
............................................................................................ 107
6.3.
Modelarea impactului politicilor
salariale
asupra contului
curent cu tehnicilor VAR
................................................................................... 108
6.4.
Impactul politicii
salariale
asupra
ВРЕ:
Concluzii
.......................................... 112
7.
IMPACTUL MIGRAŢIEI FORŢEI DE MUNCĂ ASUPRA
BALANŢEI DE PLĂŢI
...............................................................................................114
7.1.
Introducere
........................................................................................................ 114
7.2.
Migratie, tranferuri
băneşti, creştere, bunăstare
.............................................. 115
7.3.
Efectele transferurilor băneşti ale migranţilor externi asupra balanţei
de plăţi a României
........................................................................................... 124
8.
MODELAREA VENITURILOR BUGETARE ÎN RAPORT CU MODIFICĂRILE
POLITICILOR FISCALE
............................................................................................131
8.1.
Arhitectura de ansamblu a modelului
...............................................................131
8.2.
Scenarii de estimare a efectelor politicii fiscale în anul
2006.......................... 133
8.3.
Concluzii şi propuneri
.......................................................................................141
9.
IMPACTUL MODIFICĂRII POLITICII FISCALE ASUPRA
BALANŢEI DE PLĂŢI
...............................................................................................143
9.1.
Analiza econometrică a relaţiei dintre cele două deficite
(de cont curent şi bugetar) în România
............................................................. 145
9.1.1.
Impactul ratei economisirii şi al ratei de investire asupra deficitului
contului
current
......................................................................................146
9.1.2.
Investigarea
econometrica a
impactului modificării diferitelor
taxe asupra deficitului de cont curent
.....................................................149
9.2.
Modelarea contului curent cu ajutorul regresiei lineare multiple
ţinând cont şi de defictul bugetului consolidat
.................................................156
10.
IMPACTUL POLITICII REGIONALE ASUPRA BALANŢEI DE PLĂŢI
....................161
10.
1.
Analiza cadrului general de dezvoltare la nivel regional
................................... 161
10.2.
Analiza unor componente ale balanţei de plăţi în profil regional şi corelaţia
evoluţiei acestora cu nivelul de dezvoltarea economică a regiunilor
.....................166
10.2.1.
Investiţiile străine sursă de finanţare a deficitului contului curent
şi de creştere economică
.........................................................................166
10.2.2.
Exportul, importul şi deficitul comercial la nivel regional
....................168
10.3.
Deficitele bugetelor locale şi alocarea fondurilor comunitare
..........................170
SUMARY
.........................................................................................................................216
THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC
POLICIES UPON THE BALANCE
OF PAYMENTS
-
SINTHESIS
.......................... ....................218
SUMARY
PARTI
THEORETICAL ASPECTS REGARDING THE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
INTRODUCTION
................................................................................................................9
1.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS REGARDING THE ADJUSTMENTS
THE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
................................................................................10
¡A. The Price Effect
......................................................................................................10
1.2.
The Absorption Theory
...........................................................................................12
1.3.
The Monetarist Approach and its Criticism
........................................................... 15
2.
MODELING THE
CURENT
ACCOUNT. A THEORETICAL APPROACH
.............19
2. 1.
An Introduction into the Problem of the Current Account
....................................19
2.2.
The Mundell-FlemingModel
...................................................................................20
2.2.1.The fixed Exchange Rate
............................................................................21
2.2.2.The flexible Exchange Rate
........................................................................21
2.3.
The
Intertemporal
Model with a Single Good
........................................................22
3.
THE IMPLICATIONS OF FISCAL AND MONETARY ON THE BALANCE
OF PAYMENTS. THEORETICAL ASPECTS
.............................................................28
3. /.
The Fiscal and Monetary Policies under Fixed Exchange Rate and
Mobility of the International Capital
......................................................................28
3.1.1.
The Model
.................................................................................................31
3.1.2.
The Fiscal Policy under the Fixed Exchange Rate
and Different Degree of Capital Mobility
................................................33
3.2.
The Monetary Policy under the Fixed Exchange Rate and Different
Degree of Capital Mobility
.....................................................................................37
3.5.
The Situation when the Foreign Reserves Variations are not Sterilized
................38
3.3.1.
The Effect of a Fiscal Expansion
.........................................................................39
3.3.2.
The Effect of a Monetary Expansion
...................................................................40
3.4.
Other Automatic Adjustment Mechanisms
..............................................................41
3.5.
The Fiscal and Monetary Policies under the
Flexibile
Exchange Rate and
Capital Mobility
.....................................................................................................42
3.5.1.
The Fiscal Policy under the Flexible Exchange Rate and Different
Degree of Capital Mobility
......................................................................42
3.5.2.
The Monetary Policy under the Flexible Exchange Rate and
Different Degree of Capital Mobility
.......................................................46
3.5.3.
Monetary and Fiscal Policies under Perfect Mobility of Capital
...............49
3.5.4.
The International Transmission of Disequilibriums under Flexible
Exchange Rates and Capital Mobility
......................................................56
PART II
METHODS OF ANALYZING THE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS. THE CASE
OF ROMANIA
4.
METHODS OF ANALYZING THE CURRENT ACCOUNT IN THE
LITERATURE AND THE ROMANIAN CASE
...........................................................65
4.1
Studies on the Dynamic of the Current Account in Transition Economies
..............66
4.2.
The Analysis of the Balance of Payments of Romania
............................................68
217
PART III
THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC POLICIES ON THE BALANCE
OF PAYMENTS
5.
THE IMPACT OF MONETARY POLICY ON THE BOP
...........................................91
6.
THE IMPACT OF WAGE POLICY ON THE BOP
...................................................105
6.1.
Modeling the Impact of Wage Policies on the Current Account Using
Linear Regression Techniques
..............................................................................105
6.2.
A Forecast of the CA Dynamics Using the Linear Regression Models
...............107
6.3.
Modeling the Impact of Wage Policies on the Current Account with the
VAR
Techniques
....................................................................................................108
6.4.
The Impact of Wage Policies on the CA: Conclusion
...........................................112
7.
THE IMPACT OF THE MIGRATION OF LABOR FORCE ON THE BOP
.............114
7.1.
Introduction
..........................................................................................................114
7.2
Migration, Money Transfers, Growth, Welfare
.....................................................115
7.3.
The Effects of Money
Tranfers
of External Migrants on the BoP of
Romania
................................................................................................................124
8.
MODELING THE BUDGETARY INCOMES WITH RESPECT TO THE
CHANGES IN FISCAL POLICY
..................................................................131
8.1
The Architecture of the Model
...............................................................................131
8.2
Scenarios of Estimating the Impact of Fiscal Policy in
2006...............................133
8.3
Conclusion and Proposals
.....................................................................................141
9.
THE IMPACT OF FISCAL POLICY ON BOP
.........................................................143
9.1
An Econometric Analysis of the Relation Between the Two Deficits
(of Current Account and Budget) in Romania
.......................................................145
9.1.1.
The Impact of the Savings and Investing Rate on the Current
Account Deficit
.....................................................................................146
9.1.2.
An Econometric Investigation of the Impact of Changes of
Different Taxes on the Current Account Deficit
....................................149
9.2.
Modeling the Current Account with the Help of Multiple Linear
Regression while taking into Account The Consolidate Budgetary Deficit
..........156
10.
THE IMPACT OF REGIONAL POLICY ON THE BOP
........................................161
10.1.
The Analysis of the General Framework at the Regional Level
.........................161
10.2.
The Analysis of the BoP Components in Regional Profile and the
Correlaton of Their Dynamic with the Level of Economic Development
of the Regions
...................................................................................................166
10.2.1.
The Foreign Investments as a Source of Financing the Current
Account Deficit and of Economic Growht
............................................166
10.2.2.
The Exports, the Imports and the Trade Deficit at the Regional
Level
.......................................................................................................
168
10.3.
Local Budget Deficits and the Allocation ofCommmitary Funds
.....................170
THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC POLICIES UPON
THE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
-
SINTHESIS
-
Romania confronts itself during the last years with growing deficits in the
balance of payments, which, at the moment of year
2006,
grew to dimensions
which are hard be sustained. The integration of Romania in the European Union
starting with
1st
of January
2007
asks for the consideration of the requirements of
the communitary policy on economic growth, especially with respect to assuring a
sustainable development, with sustainable domestic and external deficits. In this
context, the study proposes itself to deepen the research regarding the dynamic of
current account and its components in Romanian economy and to elaborate a
model for analyzing the current account, to underline the fundamental factors that
influence the movements in the balance of payments. The problem of the balance
of payments and of the impact of different policies upon its long-run sustainability
is often discussed in the reference literature during the last years, attracting many
specialists. Tying the study to this very actual topic offers the authors the
possibility to discuss a problem with major implications in the area of political
decision.
The study is structured in three parts and comprises ten chapters. In the first
part, (which considers three chapters), we realize a review of the economic theories
regarding the balance of payments. The second part reveals, in a separate chapter,
the recent economic literature regarding the modeling of balance of payments and
the analysis of the balance of payments in Romania for the
1990-2006
period. The
third part discusses some aspects regarding the impact of different economic
policies upon the balance of payments, to each type of policy a distinct space being
granted: monetary policy in chapter
5,
the wage policy in chapter
6,
the migration
phenomena as a result of wage policy in chapter
7,
the fiscal policy in chapter
8
and
9,
and regional policy in chapter
10.
The study is structured as a monograph of the balance of payments in
Romania, comprising both the economic theory and the experience of other
countries to which we the experience of Romania.
The first three chapters present, in a synthetic way, the main theories about
the balance of payments as they result from the economic literature. The first
theory which the author discusses is the elasticity theory which allows him to
reveal the influence of the price-effect on the devaluation. The absorption theory
219
offers to the author the possibility of revealing those aspects regarding the
combined effects of income and price. The monetary theory completes the palette
of economic theories which help us understand the phenomenon of the adjustment
of the balance of payments. In the second chapter we reveal the two approaches
from the international macroeconomics, namely the approach through the
Keynesian models of Mundell-Fleming type, and the modern
intertemporal
approach, the latter based on the contributions of Sachs, or
Obstfeld
and Rogoff.
The first part closes with a review of the theoretical aspects regarding the impact of
monetary and fiscal policy impacts on the balance of payments, which allows the
understanding of the movements in the balance of payments with respect to the
economic policies, especially the monetary and fiscal one.
The fourth chapter reveals the experience of other countries regarding the
balance of payments, offering a large theoretical openness regarding the model of
analysis and it also takes into consideration the large theoretical debates during the
last period. The discussion focuses on the most significant contributions within the
Eastern European countries. An interesting synthesis of this research is presented in
an annex, at the end of the chapter. The Romanian experience regarding the
balance of payments on its main components closes this chapter. The author
underlines in his analysis the factors that influence during different periods the
dynamic of the balance of payments and that made that its deficit register three
peaks in the analyzed period, namely:
1990
(with a share of
9%
in GDP),
1998
(with a share of
7.8
in GDP) and
2005
(with a share of
8.7%
in GDP). The
estimations for
2006
show that the level in GDP will be bigger than the previous
peaks. The dynamic of the components contributed either to the worsening or to the
reduction of the deficit, as the trade balance was by far the determining fact in
maintaining a high current account deficit.
The fifth chapter was dedicated to the analysis of the impact of monetary
policy on the balance of payments, the author offering, by combining graphical
instruments for analysis with econometric ones, a synthesis of the way in which the
monetary policy and exchange rate signals are transmitted and influence the
balance of payments components. The chapter shows that the monetary policy of
NBR
did not support the efforts of the economy to recover. During the whole
decade, the monetary policy was restrictive, oriented mainly toward the control of
inflation and neglecting other macroeconomic variables like internal savings,
which were discouraged by high inflation, or the investments which could have
supported the economic growth. This led to major disequilibriums at
macroeconomic level which reflected also at the level of firms; among these
disequilibriums, the most important as level and duration is the external one. The
reorientation
of
NBR
policy at the beginning of the new decade will help reach the
internal targets rather than the external ones.
220
The sixth chapter is dedicated to the impact of wage policies on the deficit of
the balance of payments. The author considers two types of econometric
approaches. First of all he analyzes the influence of the wages using linear
regressions, in which the dependent variable is the current account, while the
independent variables are the internal demand, net wages, or the fiscality rate. The
equations are specified either static or dynamic, as changes from one period to the
other. The results from the linear regression show that the wages have the expected
effect on the dynamic of the current account. The growth of the wages leads to a
worsening of the current account, the impact of the wages being negative and
significant for all the specifications. Using as explanative variables the internal
demand and the wage fiscality, he realized a simple forecast of the dynamic of the
current account. In the absence of any modifications of the structural parameters
which are not taken into account in the regression (like the exchange rate, or the
monetary policy), the current account will have a pronounced negative dynamic.
Extending the analysis through the
VAR
techniques, two bivariate
VAR
models
were built, one containing the real gross wages and the current account sold, while
the second uses as endogenous variables the real net wages and the current account
sold. The results confirm the conclusion from the first part. Thus, the use of the
VAR
models show that an increase of the wages leads to a worsening of the current
account. The equations show that the impact of wages is significant and negative
on the current account. Moreover, the analyses through the impulse response
functions show that a shock at the level of wages has a negative and persistent
effect on the current account deficit.
The next chapter deepens different aspects of wage policy from the
perspective of the effects of migration on the balance of payments components.
The author reveals the importance of the gap between the wages at the national
level and the wages in Western countries (like Germany, Spain, Italy and others)
on the migration decision. The revenues transmitted from abroad by migrant
workers either as private transfers or trough other non-banking means have a
bigger and bigger contribution to the financing of the trade deficit in Romania. The
analysis of these aspects, of the tendency in other countries, of the changes which
will appear as an effect of the liberalization of the labor force movement, can show
the reader that the impact of this factor on the future dynamic of the balance of
payments cannot be neglected and offers a new research direction.
Chapters eight and nine discuss aspects regarding the impact of fiscal policy
on the current account deficit. By using the SAM model in the eighth chapter, we
increase the area that the study covers and also the degree of originality. Thus,
through the analysis with the SAM model we show that the effects of fiscal policy
on the economy overall, and also on the balance of payments under various
scenarios. We offer information regarding the modeling the budgetary revenues
with respect to different fiscal policies, the author simulating several fiscal
_______________________________________________ 221
scenarios:
і)
1st
version: the increase of VAT from
19%
to
22%; 2nd
version: The
reduction of social contributions by
3%
(as in the proposed reforms);
3rd
version:
the simultaneous application of the two policies. The final conclusion is that
increasing VAT by
3%
does not bring significant budgetary revenues, at mostly of
0.8%
from GDP, but the negative impact is bigger because of the effect of the
inflation impact on the population income and the effect on consumption.
The ninth chapter focuses on the VAT impact, duty taxes and wage tax on
the deficit of current account. The chapter proposes itself to investigate the impact
of financial policy on the current account, but also on its main components (the
exports of goods and services, the imports of goods and services, the direct
investments of capital, and the revenues account), and also the degree in which the
two deficits (of the consolidate budget and of the current account) can be attributed
to the main determinants of economic development in Romania; the implications at
the level of economic policies appear only under the conditions that these deficits
have other determinants too. From the fiscal point of view, the data of the models
presented show that the level of fiscal taxes can be used as efficient instruments for
controlling the current account deficit, especially in the perspective that monetary
policy will be run by European Central Bank, while fiscal policy will remain to be
established at national level even after the integration in the European and
Monetary Union. Moreover, the monthly data confirms the negative impact of the
exchange rate appreciation, a situation which requires the need to find other
instruments to help slow the worsening of the current account.
The tenth chapter is dedicated to the analysis at the regional level of the main
components of the balance of payments, respectively the imports and exports of
goods, the direct investments of foreign capital. The chapter deepens the analysis
of the balance of payments components at regional level. We can notice that the
share of the imports of regions in the import of the country fluctuates between tight
limits (with a minimum of about
3%
and a maximum of about
11%),
while the
share of exports varies between larger limits, a minimum of
6%
and a maximum of
16%.
Also, the trade and budgetary deficit is analyzed, as deficits that influence
each other, and also the possible impact of the communitary
runds
that might
influence the balance of payments. The analysis of the trade deficit in tight
connection with the fiscal deficits offers supplementary information regarding the
contribution of regions to the internal and external disequilibriums of Romanian
economy. The regional analysis contributes to the extension of the different aspect
of balance of payments in Romania.
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV039615036 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)756375667 (DE-599)BVBBV039615036 |
| era | Geschichte 1990-2006 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1990-2006 |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| geographic | Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Rumänien |
| id | DE-604.BV039615036 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:07:28Z |
| institution | BVB |
| language | Romanian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024465592 |
| oclc_num | 756375667 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 221 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | Ed. Expert |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Impactul politicilor economice asupra balanţei de plăţi Academia Română, Institutul Naţional de Cercetări Economice, Instistutul de Prognoză Economică. Elena Pelinescu, coord. Bucureşti Ed. Expert 2008 221 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The impact of economic policies upon the balance of payments Geschichte 1990-2006 gnd rswk-swf Volkswirtschaft (DE-588)4063885-6 gnd rswk-swf Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd rswk-swf Finanzpolitik (DE-588)4127795-8 gnd rswk-swf Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 g Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 s Finanzpolitik (DE-588)4127795-8 s Volkswirtschaft (DE-588)4063885-6 s Geschichte 1990-2006 z DE-604 Pelinescu, Elena Sonstige oth Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024465592&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Impactul politicilor economice asupra balanţei de plăţi Volkswirtschaft (DE-588)4063885-6 gnd Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd Finanzpolitik (DE-588)4127795-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4063885-6 (DE-588)4066493-4 (DE-588)4127795-8 (DE-588)4050939-4 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Impactul politicilor economice asupra balanţei de plăţi |
| title_auth | Impactul politicilor economice asupra balanţei de plăţi |
| title_exact_search | Impactul politicilor economice asupra balanţei de plăţi |
| title_full | Impactul politicilor economice asupra balanţei de plăţi Academia Română, Institutul Naţional de Cercetări Economice, Instistutul de Prognoză Economică. Elena Pelinescu, coord. |
| title_fullStr | Impactul politicilor economice asupra balanţei de plăţi Academia Română, Institutul Naţional de Cercetări Economice, Instistutul de Prognoză Economică. Elena Pelinescu, coord. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impactul politicilor economice asupra balanţei de plăţi Academia Română, Institutul Naţional de Cercetări Economice, Instistutul de Prognoză Economică. Elena Pelinescu, coord. |
| title_short | Impactul politicilor economice asupra balanţei de plăţi |
| title_sort | impactul politicilor economice asupra balantei de plati |
| topic | Volkswirtschaft (DE-588)4063885-6 gnd Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd Finanzpolitik (DE-588)4127795-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Volkswirtschaft Wirtschaftspolitik Finanzpolitik Rumänien Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024465592&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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