Sociality as the human condition: anthropology in economic, philosophical and theological perspective
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English German |
| Published: |
Leiden [u.a.]
Brill
2011
|
| Series: | Philosophical studies in science and religion
3 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Physical Description: | XI, 324 S. |
| ISBN: | 9789004191990 9004191992 |
Staff View
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 cb4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV039602736 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20140711 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 110927s2011 |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 020 | |a 9789004191990 |c (hbk.) No price |9 978-90-04-19199-0 | ||
| 020 | |a 9004191992 |c (hbk.) No price |9 90-04-19199-2 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)747004346 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)HBZHT016916141 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger | ||
| 041 | 1 | |a eng |h ger | |
| 049 | |a DE-11 |a DE-19 |a DE-473 | ||
| 082 | 0 | |a 301.01 | |
| 084 | |a BL 3100 |0 (DE-625)12089: |2 rvk | ||
| 084 | |a LB 30000 |0 (DE-625)90527: |2 rvk | ||
| 084 | |a LC 30000 |0 (DE-625)90640:772 |2 rvk | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Klein, Rebekka A. |d 1980- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)139194398 |4 aut | |
| 240 | 1 | 0 | |a Sozialität als Conditio Humana |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Sociality as the human condition |b anthropology in economic, philosophical and theological perspective |c by Rebekka A. Klein |
| 264 | 1 | |a Leiden [u.a.] |b Brill |c 2011 | |
| 300 | |a XI, 324 S. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Philosophical studies in science and religion |v 3 | |
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Philosophische Anthropologie |0 (DE-588)4045798-9 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Altruismus |0 (DE-588)4129281-9 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Reziprozität |g Soziologie |0 (DE-588)4321581-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Evangelische Theologie |0 (DE-588)4015875-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Wirtschaftstheorie |0 (DE-588)4079351-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 653 | |a Philosophical anthropology | ||
| 653 | |a Anthropology--Philosophy | ||
| 653 | |a Anthropology of religion | ||
| 653 | |a Social groups | ||
| 653 | |a Social participation | ||
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Reziprozität |g Soziologie |0 (DE-588)4321581-6 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Altruismus |0 (DE-588)4129281-9 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Philosophische Anthropologie |0 (DE-588)4045798-9 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 3 | |a Wirtschaftstheorie |0 (DE-588)4079351-5 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 4 | |a Evangelische Theologie |0 (DE-588)4015875-5 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 830 | 0 | |a Philosophical studies in science and religion |v 3 |w (DE-604)BV035860515 |9 3 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m HBZ Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024453580&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1805080195357474816 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
Titel: Sociality as the human condition
Autor: Klein, Rebekka A.
Jahr: 2011
CONTENTS
Volume Foreword . xiii
Acknowledgements . xv
Introduction . 1
1 Phenomenological Criticism of Science . 1
2 The Primacy of Philosophical Anthropology . 3
3 Natural Foundation of Anthropology in Current
Economics . 10
4 The Relational Approach to Anthropology in Social
Philosophy . 15
5 The Double Description of Anthropology in Theology . 20
Chapter One Anthropology as a Representation of
Humanity . 27
6 Interdisciplinary Anthropology . 27
7 Anthropology and Sociality in the Individual
Disciplines . 29
7.1 Theological Figures of Thought on Nature and
Humanity . 30
7.1.1 The Difference between 'Natura Lapsa' and
'Oeconomia Naturae' . 32
7.1.2 Isomorphism of Nature, Humanity and
Society? . 34
7.2 Basic Anthropological Paradigms of Experimental
Economics . 35
7.2.1 Human vs. Rational Behavior . 36
7.2.2 Human vs. Animal Behavior . 38
7.3 Philosophical Points of Entry in Anthropology . 42
7.3.1 Anthropology as Human Self-Inquiry . 42
7.3.2 Alternatives: The Dualism and Monism of
Anthropology . 48
8 Anthropological Key Differences . 50
8.1 Heidegger: Humanity as the Truth of Being . 52
8.2 Agamben: The Dissolution of the Animal
Construct . 56
8.3 Adorno: Dehumanization through Society . 63
8.4 Conclusion . 66
9 The Human Condition as a Concrete Condition of
Existence . 67
9.1 Barthes: The Human Condition as Myth . 68
9.2 Arendt: Loss of the Social 'Human Condition'? . 70
10 Plessner: Humanity and Bodily Existence . 77
10.1 The Broken Relation to the World . 81
10.2 From the Shared World ('Mitwelt') to
Interpersonal Relations . 83
10.3 Conclusion . 87
11 Concreteness, Objectivity and Phenomenal Excess . 89
Chapter Two The Conflict between Egoism and Altruism . 91
12 Possibilities and Limitations of an Empirical
Anthropology . 91
13 The Economic Modeling of Human Social Behavior . 94
13.1 The Methodological Paradigm Shifts of
Experimental Economics . 97
13.2 Skepticism about the Homo Oeconomicus . 101
13.3 Backgrounds to the Critical Assessment of the
Homo Oeconomicus Model . 104
14 The Methodology of Experimental Economics . 109
14.1 Translatability of Laboratory and Experiential
World . Ill
14.1.1 Empirical Explanation and
Methodological Object Constitution in
Experiments . Ill
14.1.2 The Validity of Experimental Findings
Outside of the Laboratory . 114
14.2 Construction Principles of Economic Laboratory
Experiments . 117
14.2.1 The Experiment as a Strategic Course
of Action . 118
14.2.2 The Experiment as Selective Replication
of Reality . 119
14.2.3 Game Theory and Hypothesis Formation
in the Behavioral Experiment . 123
15 The Modeling of Social Preferences . 129
15.1 What are Preferences? . 129
15.2 The Ultimatum Game and Inequity Aversion of
Social Agents . 132
16 Norms for Cooperative Behavior . 136
16.1 Sanctions in Public Goods Games . 136
16.2 Social Norms as a Second-Order Public Good? . 140
17 From 'Homo Reciprocans' to 'Homo Altruisticus' . 148
17.1 Negative Reciprocity: Ultimatum Game . 150
17.2 Positive Reciprocity: Trust Game . 150
17.3 Pure Altruism: Dictator Game . 152
17.4 Strong Reciprocity: Altruistic Punishment and
Rewarding . 154
18 The Utility Expectation of Altruistic Agents . 157
18.1 Psychological, Biological, and Moral Altruism . 158
18.2 Personal Satisfaction in Altruistic Punishment . 161
19 Affective Empathy: The Significance of Social
Emotions . 167
20 The Phenomenal Excess of Social Interaction . 171
21 Conclusion . 173
21.1 Critique . 173
21.2 Theses . 178
21.3 On the Sense and Nonsense of Talking about
Altruism . 184
Chapter Three Difference in the Interpersonal Relation . 187
22 Three Constellations of the Interpersonal Relation . 187
23 Human Nature and its Function for the Legitimation
of Political Order . 189
23.1 The Separation of Politics and Nature in the
Model of Societal Order . 191
23.2 The Genesis of Order from Contingence . 195
24 Antagonism: The Irreducibility of Difference . 198
24.1 Laclau and Mouffe: Antagonism and
Democracy . 199
24.2 Critical Assessment of the Liberal, Deliberative
Model of Society . 204
25 Recognition: The Pacification of Difference . 206
25.1 Recognition: Normative Demand or Real-Life
Practice? . 208
25.2 Post-Hegelian Perspectives on Recognition . 210
25.2.1 Honneth: Recognition and Its Negative
Forms . 210
25.2.2 Taylor: Recognition and the Risk of
Homogenizing Difference . 214
25.2.3 Garcia Duttmann: A Critical Assessment
of Restorative Recognition . 217
25.3 Ricceur's Concept of Mutual Symbolic
Recognition . 221
25.3.1 The Critique of Reciprocity . 222
25.3.2 The Critique of Equal Recognition . 223
25.3.3 Symbolic Recognition . 224
25.3.4 States of Peace: Recognition and
Religious Agape . 225
26 Alterity: Difference as the Source of Responsibility . 227
26.1 Levinas'Ethical Reconception of Humanity . 229
26.2 The Impossibility of Social Inhumanity . 232
26.3 The Relationship to the Other as the Third and
the Standards of justice . 235
26.4 Beyond the Symmetry of Egalitarian
Relationships . 237
26.5 God's Invisibility . 238
27 Conclusion . 241
Chapter Four Humanity and Inhumanity in the Love of
Neighbor . 245
28 Theological Reservations against an Immanence of the
Social . 245
29 Biblical Usage and Hermeneutical Function of the
Word 'Neighbor' . 252
29.1 The Biblical Contexts of Caring for the Other
Human Being . 254
29.2 Who is my Neighbor - the Wrong Question? . 256
29.3 Terminological Delineations . 258
29.4 Hermeneutical Analysis of the Word
'Neighbor' . 259
29.5 Proximity and Distance in the Love of
Neighbor . 260
30 Social Criticism Instead of Morality . 263
31 Meisinger: Anthropological Awareness of Difference . 267
32 Kierkegaard: Humanity as the Phenomenal Excess of
God's Love . 271
32.1 Kierkegaard's Method of Analysis . 271
32.2 The Negative Definition of the Neighbor . 273
32.3 Self-Love and the Deficiencies of Interpersonal
Love . 279
33 Beyond Kierkegaard: The Love of Neighbor and
Inhumanity . 283
33.1 Adorno: The Dead Neighbor . 284
33.2 Zizek, Santner, Reinhard: The Neighbor as a
Figure of Inhumanity . 287
34 Humanity and Inhumanity as Reflected by Mercy . 291
34.1 Lack of Consequences and Resources . 291
34.2 Lack of Expectations . 293
34.3 Unpredictability: The Phenomenal Abundance
of Practicing Mercy . 295
34.4 Inhuman Mercilessness . 297
35 Conclusion . 299
Final Thoughts . 303
36 Multiperspectivity Instead of Transdisciplinarity . 303
37 Result of this Study . 305
Bibliography . 309
Index of Names . 321
Index of Subjects . 323 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Klein, Rebekka A. 1980- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)139194398 |
| author_facet | Klein, Rebekka A. 1980- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Klein, Rebekka A. 1980- |
| author_variant | r a k ra rak |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV039602736 |
| classification_rvk | BL 3100 LB 30000 LC 30000 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)747004346 (DE-599)HBZHT016916141 |
| dewey-full | 301.01 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 301 - Sociology and anthropology |
| dewey-raw | 301.01 |
| dewey-search | 301.01 |
| dewey-sort | 3301.01 |
| dewey-tens | 300 - Social sciences |
| discipline | Soziologie Theologie / Religionswissenschaften Sozial-/Kulturanthropologie / Empirische Kulturwissenschaft |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>00000nam a2200000 cb4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV039602736</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20140711</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">110927s2011 |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9789004191990</subfield><subfield code="c">(hbk.) No price</subfield><subfield code="9">978-90-04-19199-0</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9004191992</subfield><subfield code="c">(hbk.) No price</subfield><subfield code="9">90-04-19199-2</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)747004346</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)HBZHT016916141</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield><subfield code="h">ger</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-11</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-19</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-473</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">301.01</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">BL 3100</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)12089:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">LB 30000</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)90527:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">LC 30000</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)90640:772</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Klein, Rebekka A.</subfield><subfield code="d">1980-</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)139194398</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="240" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Sozialität als Conditio Humana</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Sociality as the human condition</subfield><subfield code="b">anthropology in economic, philosophical and theological perspective</subfield><subfield code="c">by Rebekka A. Klein</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Leiden [u.a.]</subfield><subfield code="b">Brill</subfield><subfield code="c">2011</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">XI, 324 S.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Philosophical studies in science and religion</subfield><subfield code="v">3</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Includes bibliographical references and index</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Philosophische Anthropologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4045798-9</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Altruismus</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4129281-9</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Reziprozität</subfield><subfield code="g">Soziologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4321581-6</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Evangelische Theologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4015875-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Wirtschaftstheorie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4079351-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Philosophical anthropology</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Anthropology--Philosophy</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Anthropology of religion</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Social groups</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Social participation</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Reziprozität</subfield><subfield code="g">Soziologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4321581-6</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Altruismus</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4129281-9</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Philosophische Anthropologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4045798-9</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Wirtschaftstheorie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4079351-5</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Evangelische Theologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4015875-5</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="830" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Philosophical studies in science and religion</subfield><subfield code="v">3</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-604)BV035860515</subfield><subfield code="9">3</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">HBZ Datenaustausch</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024453580&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| id | DE-604.BV039602736 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-20T06:57:00Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789004191990 9004191992 |
| language | English German |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024453580 |
| oclc_num | 747004346 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-11 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-473 DE-BY-UBG |
| owner_facet | DE-11 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-473 DE-BY-UBG |
| physical | XI, 324 S. |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publishDateSearch | 2011 |
| publishDateSort | 2011 |
| publisher | Brill |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Philosophical studies in science and religion |
| series2 | Philosophical studies in science and religion |
| spelling | Klein, Rebekka A. 1980- Verfasser (DE-588)139194398 aut Sozialität als Conditio Humana Sociality as the human condition anthropology in economic, philosophical and theological perspective by Rebekka A. Klein Leiden [u.a.] Brill 2011 XI, 324 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Philosophical studies in science and religion 3 Includes bibliographical references and index Philosophische Anthropologie (DE-588)4045798-9 gnd rswk-swf Altruismus (DE-588)4129281-9 gnd rswk-swf Reziprozität Soziologie (DE-588)4321581-6 gnd rswk-swf Evangelische Theologie (DE-588)4015875-5 gnd rswk-swf Wirtschaftstheorie (DE-588)4079351-5 gnd rswk-swf Philosophical anthropology Anthropology--Philosophy Anthropology of religion Social groups Social participation Reziprozität Soziologie (DE-588)4321581-6 s Altruismus (DE-588)4129281-9 s Philosophische Anthropologie (DE-588)4045798-9 s Wirtschaftstheorie (DE-588)4079351-5 s Evangelische Theologie (DE-588)4015875-5 s DE-604 Philosophical studies in science and religion 3 (DE-604)BV035860515 3 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024453580&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Klein, Rebekka A. 1980- Sociality as the human condition anthropology in economic, philosophical and theological perspective Philosophical studies in science and religion Philosophische Anthropologie (DE-588)4045798-9 gnd Altruismus (DE-588)4129281-9 gnd Reziprozität Soziologie (DE-588)4321581-6 gnd Evangelische Theologie (DE-588)4015875-5 gnd Wirtschaftstheorie (DE-588)4079351-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4045798-9 (DE-588)4129281-9 (DE-588)4321581-6 (DE-588)4015875-5 (DE-588)4079351-5 |
| title | Sociality as the human condition anthropology in economic, philosophical and theological perspective |
| title_alt | Sozialität als Conditio Humana |
| title_auth | Sociality as the human condition anthropology in economic, philosophical and theological perspective |
| title_exact_search | Sociality as the human condition anthropology in economic, philosophical and theological perspective |
| title_full | Sociality as the human condition anthropology in economic, philosophical and theological perspective by Rebekka A. Klein |
| title_fullStr | Sociality as the human condition anthropology in economic, philosophical and theological perspective by Rebekka A. Klein |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sociality as the human condition anthropology in economic, philosophical and theological perspective by Rebekka A. Klein |
| title_short | Sociality as the human condition |
| title_sort | sociality as the human condition anthropology in economic philosophical and theological perspective |
| title_sub | anthropology in economic, philosophical and theological perspective |
| topic | Philosophische Anthropologie (DE-588)4045798-9 gnd Altruismus (DE-588)4129281-9 gnd Reziprozität Soziologie (DE-588)4321581-6 gnd Evangelische Theologie (DE-588)4015875-5 gnd Wirtschaftstheorie (DE-588)4079351-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Philosophische Anthropologie Altruismus Reziprozität Soziologie Evangelische Theologie Wirtschaftstheorie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024453580&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV035860515 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kleinrebekkaa sozialitatalsconditiohumana AT kleinrebekkaa socialityasthehumanconditionanthropologyineconomicphilosophicalandtheologicalperspective |