An advanced guide to multilingualism:
"Delivering facts and findings from a variety of multilingual settings, this textbook systematically covers the diverse dimensions of multilingualism. As well as explaining key concepts, it examines the foremost issues of individual and societal multilingualism. It discusses topics from indigen...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | German |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Edinburgh
Edinburgh University Press
[2022]
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | "Delivering facts and findings from a variety of multilingual settings, this textbook systematically covers the diverse dimensions of multilingualism. As well as explaining key concepts, it examines the foremost issues of individual and societal multilingualism. It discusses topics from indigenous and minority languages to World Englishes and translanguaging, and from cross-linguistic influence to multilingual identity and the impact of multilingualism on healthy aging and considers the models and research methods used to underpin these discussions. Each chapter is supported by a comprehensive review of relevant research to reveal fresh perspectives, offer discerning insights and pose challenging possibilities for future exploration." |
| Beschreibung: | xiv, 233 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9780748635634 9780748635641 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Contents ListofFigures Foretvord- Muiris Ó Laoire Introduction: How do we approach multilingualism? x xi 1 Part I: The field of multilingualism 1 What is multilingualism? 1.1 What is multilingualism about’ 1.1.1 Definitions of multilingualism 1.1.2 Are bilingualism and multilingualism the same or different? 1.2 Individual multilingualism and societal multilingualism 1.2.1 Individual multilingualism 1.2.2 Societal multilingualism 1.3 Historical multilingualism and current multilingualism 1.4 How many languages and speakers are there in the world? 1.5 The purview of multilingualism Summary Further reading, chapter review, reflective questions and exercises 2 11 11 12 13 14 14 15 16 18 20 23 24 Multilingualism as an exceptional resource 27 2.1 Resources of multilingualism 27 2.2 How unique are human language and the ability for multilingualism? 28 2.2.1 Pavlov’s second and first signal systems 28 2.2.2 Animal communication: can animals be multilingual? 29 Is using more than one communicative system humans’ exclusive characteristic? 30 2.3 Human language 30 2.3.1 Language universals 31 2.3.2 Language features in different languages 35 Writing systems and scripts 35 Numerals 36 Basic colour terms 36 Time and space terms 37 2.3.3 Linguistic relativity/linguistic determinism hypothesis 38
An advanced guide to multilingualism vi Summary Further reading, chapter review, reflective questions and exercises 3 Multilingualism as modern reality and field of knowledge 3.1 Social awareness in languages 3.1.1 Paradigms and stages 3.1.2 The monolingual stage 3.1.3 The bilingual stage 3.1.4 The multilingual stage 3.2 The New Linguistic Dispensation Summary Further reading, chapter review, reflective questions, exercises 39 39 42 42 42 43 44 47 49 50 51 Part II: Languages 4 Languages of the world 4.1 Languages and dialects 4.1.1 What is a language? 4.1.2 What is a dialect? 4.1.3 Dialect continuum 4.2 Language standardisation 4.2.1 Standardisation and codification 4.2.2 Pluricentric languages 4.3 Linguistic distance 4.4 Kachru’s Circles and the World Englishes 4.4.1 Performance varieties 4.5 Language varieties resulting from language contact 4.5.1 Pidgins and creoles 4.5.2 Bilingual mixed languages Summary Further reading, chapter review, reflective questions and exercises 5 Classifications of languages 5.1 Linguistic classifications of languages 5.1.1 Word order typology 5.1.2 Linguistic structural typology 5.1.3 Genetic classification of languages 5.2 Sociolingüístic classifications of languages 5.2.1 The galactic model (de Swaan) 5.2.2 Economic-related hierarchies 5.3 Distinct categories of languages 5.3.1 Lingua franca English as a lingua franca (ELF) 5.3.2 Sign languages 5.3.3 Artificial (constructed) languages Summary 57 57 57 60 61 61 61 62 62 63 66 67 67 71 71 72 75 75 75 76 78 79 80 80 82 82 83 84 88 89
vii Contents Further reading, chapter review, reflective questions and exercises 89 Part III: Multilingualism in society 6 Multilingualism at the societal level: basic concepts 6.1 Language contact 6.1.1 Borrowing 6.1.2 Sprachbund 6.2 Speech community 6.3 Diglossia 6.4 . Domain Summary Further reading, chapter review, reflective questions and exercises 95 95 96 98 98 101 102 103 103 7 Societal multilingualism: multilingualcountries and regions 106 7.1 How do countries becomemultilingual? 106 7.2 Roles and status of languages in multilingual countries and organisations 107 7.3 Diversity of multilingualism 110 7.3.1 Measures of linguistic diversity 110 7.3.2 How multilingual countries differ from each other 111 Correlation ofindividual and societal multilingualism in multilingual countries 111 Proximate and integrative multilingualism 112 Challenges and issues 112 7.3.3 Multilingual regions and countries: Africa and India 113 Africa 113 India 116 Summary 119 Further reading, chapter review, reflective questions and exercises 119 Part IV: Individual multilingualism 8 Individual multilingualism: psycholinguistic and cognitive dimensions 8.1 Who are the multilinguals? 8.2 Special features and language behaviour of multilinguals 8.2.1 Complexity and emergent qualities 8.2.2 Features of linguistic and learning behaviour 8.2.3 Extent of language skills used by multilinguals 8.2.4 Cross-linguistic interactions 8.2.5 Multilingual brains 8.3 Multilinguals in conditions of health and decline 8.3.1 Multilinguals throughout their lifespan Early and late multilinguals Age and additional
language acquisition 125 125 125 126 126 127 128 130 132 132 132 133
viii An advanced guide to multilingualism The impact ofmultilingualism in situations ofhealthy ageing and disease Cognitive reserve 133 134 Summary 135 Further reading, chapter review, reflective questions and exercises 136 9 Individual multilingualism: social dimensions 9.1 Multilinguality - the identity of a multilingual 9.1.1 Expansion of the identity concept Technological impact on multilingual identity Multimodal dimensions ofmultilingual identity 9.1.2 Multilinguality 9.2 Trajectories of becoming multilingual 9.2.1 Simultaneous and successive patterns of acquisition 9.2.2 Hoffmann’s typology of trilinguals 9.2.3 Becoming or not becoming multilingual: challenges and choices of multilingual families 9.3 Various categories of multilinguals 9.3.1 Polyglots 9.3.2 Other exceptional multilinguals 'Savants’ Deafand hard-of-hearing language users Summary Further reading, chapter review, reflective questions and exercises 138 138 138 139 140 141 142 142 143 144 145 145 148 148 149 149 150 Part V: How we experience and study multilingualism 10 The ways we experience, treat and use languages 10.1 The way we treat languages - language nominations 10.1.1 What are language nominations? 10.1.2 How do language nominations emerge? 10.1.3 How expedient are language nominations? 10.2 The way we use multiple languages: language repertoire and Dominant Language Constellations 10.2.1 Language repertoires 10.2.2 Dominant Language Constellations DLCisaunit DLC maps DL C is adaptable and dynamic Languages ofa DL Care not arranged in any built-in hierarchy DL C is multimodal 10.3 The way we
experience languages 10.3.1 Translanguaging and code-switching What is translanguaging? What is code-switching? Code-switching or translanguaging? 155 155 156 156 157 159 159 160 160 160 160 161 163 163 163 164 165 166
Contents ix 10.3.2 Intercomprehension/receptive multilingualism 10.3.3 The material culture of multilingualism Summary Further reading, chapter review, reflective questions and exercises 167 169 170 171 Methods of studying multilingualism 11.1 Features of multilingualism research 11.1.1 Characteristics of research in multilingualism 11.1.2 Challenges 11.2 Research methodologies and types of research 11.2.1 Philosophies, methodologies and types of research in multilingualism 176 11.2.2 Quantitative research Language demography 11.2.3 Qualitative research Ethnographic research 11.2.4 Holistic and complexity research Complexity approach Complex interactions Sensitivity to initial conditions Emergence 11.2.5 Triangulation Summary Further reading, chapter review, reflective questions and exercises 174 174 174 175 176 179 180 182 182 183 183 184 185 185 186 187 187 12 Models of multilingualism 12.1 What are theories and what are models? 12.1.1 Theories 12.1.2 Models 12.2 Models specific to multilingualism 12.2.1 Factor Model by Hufeisen 12.2.2 Dynamic Model by Herdina and Jessner 12.2.3 Biotic Model by Aronin and Ó Laoire 12.2.4 Role-Function Model by Williams and Hammarberg 12.2.5 Multilingual Processing Model by Meißner 12.3 Modelling in multilingualism 12.3.1 DLC modelling Summary Further reading, chapter review, reflective questions and exercises 190 190 190 192 192 192 194 197 197 198 199 199 202 203 Conclusion: Reflecting on multilingualism 206 Bibliography Languages index Subject index 208 227 231 11 |
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