Making a living in uncertainty: agro-pastoral livelihoods and institutional transformations in post-socialist rural Kyrgyzstan
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Zürich
Geograph. Inst., Abt. Humangeographie, Univ. Zürich
2011
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Schriftenreihe Humangeographie
26 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in russ. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | XXI, 245 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. 2 Kt. |
| ISBN: | 3906302091 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Steimann, Bernd |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Making a living in uncertainty |b agro-pastoral livelihoods and institutional transformations in post-socialist rural Kyrgyzstan |c Bernd Steimann |
| 264 | 1 | |a Zürich |b Geograph. Inst., Abt. Humangeographie, Univ. Zürich |c 2011 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Content
Acknowledgements
і
Content
v
Figures
and tables
ix
Boxes, maps and appendixes
χ
Glossary
xi
Abbreviations
xii
Abstract
xiii
Zusammenfassung xv
Аннотация
xvii
Кыскача мазмуну
xix
Introduction t
1.1
Aims of the study and research questions
1
1.2
From transitology to transformation research
3
1.3
Transformation research in Kyrgyzstan and Central Asia
4
1.4
The discourse of pastoral transformation in Central Asia
б
1.5
Outline of the study
8
A Post-socialism: politics of transition and approaches to transformation
9
2
From transitology to the study of processes of post-socialist transformation
11
2.1
Transitology and the
neoliberal
opinion leaders of the
1
990s
12
2.1.1
Economy matters! Transition and the Washington Consensus
12
2.1.2
Institutions matter! Critical reflection and advent of the
Post-Washington Consensus
15
2.2
There is no theory of transition : the sociological transition critique
19
2.2.1
From a theory of transition towards a set of conceptual frameworks
19
2.2.2
Key concepts: path-dependency,
hybridity,
bricolage
and uncertainty
22
2.3
Organizations, institutions and practices in transformation
25
2.3.1
Instititutions in the New Institutional Economics and in
Common Property Resource theory
25
2.3.2
Towards a more contextualized understanding of institutions
27
2.3.3
Property relations as an entry point for analyzing the links between
institutions and social practice
28
2.3.4
Towards a conceptual framework for the analysis of organizations, institutions,
and processes of ¡nstitutionalization
30
2.4
Actors in transformation
32
2.4.1
Local actors and response in a livelihoods perspective
33
2.4.2
Livelihoods and uncertainty
35
2.4.3
From livelihoods diversification towards livelihood trajectories
37
3
Methodology and methods
41
3.1
Research context
41
3.2
Methodology
42
3.3
Research design and methods
46
3.4
Some remarks on methodology and methods
49
Political and economic reforms and the agrarian sector in socialist
and post-socialist Kyrgyzstan
53
4.1
The Kyrgyz economy in the
1
980s and early agrarian reforms
54
4.1.1
Sodalist
economics in the
1
980s
54
4.1.2
Collectivized livestock production in the Kyrgyz
SSR
55
4.1.3
Pre-independence reforms:
perestrojka
and the Kyrgyz agriculture
57
4.2
Independence and the Kyrgyz transition agenda
58
4.2.1
Akaev s reform program: liberalize, deregulate, privatize
58
4.2.2
Decentralization of governance and the state administration
59
4.2.3
Macroeconomic
development and recent reform adjustments
63
4.3
Agrarian reforms in the Kyrgyz Republic
65
4.3.1
Early distribution orders for unprofitable kolkhozes
(1991-1994) 65
4.3.2
The heyday of privatization: the compulsory dissolution of
kolkhozes
(1994-1998) 66
4.3.3
Passage of modern land laws
(1998
onwards)
67
4.3.4
Legal and organizational framework for pasture allocation and management
68
4.3.5
Effects of the transition policy upon the agrarian sector
70
4.4
Conclusions
71
В
Persistence and emergence of socioeconomic disparities
73
5
Current livelihood disparities the two case study villages
75
5.1
A brief introduction to Naryn
oblast
and the two case study villages
75
5.1.1
Naryn
oblast
75
5.1.2
Jergetal village
78
5.1.3
Kyzyl-Tuu village
81
5.2
Land, livestock and cash incomes
82
5.2.1
Arable land
82
5.2.2
Livestock
83
5.2.3
Cash income sources
85
5.3
Household typology
89
5.4
Selected household groups
95
5.4.1
Households without own livestock and no pastoral cash income ( no livestock )
96
5.4.2
Smallholders without a pastoral cash income ( smallholders )
97
5.4.3
Mid-sized livestock holdings with a main pastoral cash income
( mid-sized farms )
98
5.4.4
Large livestock holdings with one or two pastoral cash incomes ( large farms )
99
5.4.5
Herding households
101
6
Everything was linked with everything else : working and living
in the socialist economy
103
6.1
Functions and structure of collective farms
104
6.1.1
The kolkhoz principle
105
6.1.2
Structure of the two kolkhozes Jangy
Talap
and Karakojun
106
6.2
Working in a kolkhoz: social stratification and income disparities
108
6.2.1
Central job allocation,
blat
and professional flexibility
108
6.2.2
Formal income disparities
109
6.2.3
Informal income disparities
. 112
6.3
The second agriculture
114
6.4
Good worker, good communist: working in a highly politicized economy
11
б
The dissolution of two kolkhozes
119
7.1
The early years of independence in Karakojun and Jangy
Talap
(1991-1994) 120
7.1.1
Karakojun: transformation into a pseudo-cooperative and
separation of first private farms
120
7.1.2
Rapid decline of the Karakojun cooperative
121
7.1.3
Jangy
Talap
kolkhoz: unavoidable distribution
122
7.2
Breakup of kolkhozes
(1994
onwards)
123
7.2.1
Distribution of land use shares
123
7.2.2
Distribution of livestock
126
7.2.3
Distribution of immovable property: machines and sarays
128
Summary and conclusions
131
8.1
The role of the socialist legacy
131
8.2
Privatization: path-dependent processes in a hybrid institutional context
133
С
Actors, practices, organizations and institutions around
agro-pastoral livelihoods
137
Introduction
139
9
Actors, practices, organizations and institutions around land cultivation
141
9.1
Land resources and cultivation patterns: disparities at the local
and the household level
141
9.2
Access to and transfer of arable land
143
9.2.1
Scattered, small land plots hinder access to land
143
9.2.2
Transfer of arable land within and between households
145
9.2.3
Transfer of arable land between the state and households
148
9.2.4
Direct and indirect taxation of arable land
150
9.3
Access to other production factors: water, machines, labor, and cash
151
9.3.1
Irrigation: ecological and institutional constraints
151
9.3.2
Machinery: unequal prices and high
transcation
costs
154
9.3.3
Labor: social, human and financial capital governs access to workforce
156
9.3.4
Cash: access to loans and credits
160
9.4
Access to agrarian commodity markets
163
9.5
Reasons to turn away from land cultivation
165
10
Actors, practices, organizations and institutions around animal husbandry
and the use of pastures
167
10.1
There is no life without livestock here*: the role of livestock in rural livelihoods
168
10.1.1
The socioeconomic value of livestock
168
10.1.2
Sale of animals, meat and wool: the role of markets
170
10.1.3
Practices to increase flocks
173
10.2
Herding: practices, preconditions and negotiations
174
10.2.1
Common and private herding practices
175
10.2.2
Herding as a livelihood strategy: opportunities, risks and obstacles
178
10.2.3
Herding as a negotiation process: setting herding fees
181
10.3
Access to pastures: formal law and the role of state representatives
184
10.3.1
Formal allocation and lease of pastures
184
10.3.2
Village-adjacent pastures: rules and practices
185
10.3.3
Intensive and remote pastures: rules and practices
187
10.4
Access to pastures: herders practices
190
10.4.1
Actual pasture use in the two case study villages
191
10.4.2
Pasture selection criteria of herders
192
10.4.3
The perspective
of leaseholders
197
10.4.4
The perspective of non-leaseholders
199
10.4.5
Constructing a claim: the role of saraysior pasture appropriation
200
10.4.6
Existing conflicts over pastures
203
10.5
The
2009
pasture legislation reform: formal adjustments and preventive practices
207
10.5.1
The new law On Pastures
207
10.5.2
Coping strategies of state representatives
208
10.5.3
The perception of herders
209
11
Summary and conclusions
211
11.1
Private land: burden or blessing?
211
11.2
Pastures: various strategies of claim and access
213
11.3
Layered property and practices of forum shopping
214
12
Conclusions and implications: the multiple ways of making
a living in uncertainty
219
12.1
Main findings of the study
220
12.2
Uncertainty in post-socialist rural Kyrgyzstan
221
12.3
Uncertainty and livelihood trajectories
224
12.4
Implications: closing the gap, revising trajectories
226
12.5
Open questions for future research
228
Bibliography
231
Appendix
241
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| spelling | Steimann, Bernd Verfasser aut Making a living in uncertainty agro-pastoral livelihoods and institutional transformations in post-socialist rural Kyrgyzstan Bernd Steimann Zürich Geograph. Inst., Abt. Humangeographie, Univ. Zürich 2011 XXI, 245 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. 2 Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Schriftenreihe Humangeographie 26 Zsfassung in russ. Sprache Zugl.: Zürich, Univ., Diss. Transformation (DE-588)4451062-7 gnd rswk-swf Viehwirtschaft (DE-588)4188247-7 gnd rswk-swf Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 gnd rswk-swf Kirgisien (DE-588)4030848-0 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Kirgisien (DE-588)4030848-0 g Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 s Viehwirtschaft (DE-588)4188247-7 s Transformation (DE-588)4451062-7 s DE-604 Schriftenreihe Humangeographie 26 (DE-604)BV019790245 26 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024397734&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Steimann, Bernd Making a living in uncertainty agro-pastoral livelihoods and institutional transformations in post-socialist rural Kyrgyzstan Schriftenreihe Humangeographie Transformation (DE-588)4451062-7 gnd Viehwirtschaft (DE-588)4188247-7 gnd Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 gnd |
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| title | Making a living in uncertainty agro-pastoral livelihoods and institutional transformations in post-socialist rural Kyrgyzstan |
| title_auth | Making a living in uncertainty agro-pastoral livelihoods and institutional transformations in post-socialist rural Kyrgyzstan |
| title_exact_search | Making a living in uncertainty agro-pastoral livelihoods and institutional transformations in post-socialist rural Kyrgyzstan |
| title_full | Making a living in uncertainty agro-pastoral livelihoods and institutional transformations in post-socialist rural Kyrgyzstan Bernd Steimann |
| title_fullStr | Making a living in uncertainty agro-pastoral livelihoods and institutional transformations in post-socialist rural Kyrgyzstan Bernd Steimann |
| title_full_unstemmed | Making a living in uncertainty agro-pastoral livelihoods and institutional transformations in post-socialist rural Kyrgyzstan Bernd Steimann |
| title_short | Making a living in uncertainty |
| title_sort | making a living in uncertainty agro pastoral livelihoods and institutional transformations in post socialist rural kyrgyzstan |
| title_sub | agro-pastoral livelihoods and institutional transformations in post-socialist rural Kyrgyzstan |
| topic | Transformation (DE-588)4451062-7 gnd Viehwirtschaft (DE-588)4188247-7 gnd Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Transformation Viehwirtschaft Landwirtschaft Kirgisien Hochschulschrift |
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