Fischer-Tropsch refining:
Gespeichert in:
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Weinheim
Wiley-VCH-Verl.
2011
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltstext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturangaben |
| Beschreibung: | XXI, 620 S. graph. Darst. 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 3527326057 9783527326051 9783527635603 |
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MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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IMAGE 1
VII
1
1.1 1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.3 1.4 1.4.1
1.4.2 1.4.3 1.5 1.5.1
1.5.2 1.5.3
2 2.1 2.2
2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5 2.2.6 2.3 2.3.1 2.4
CONTENTS
PREFACE XIX
PART 1 INTRODUCTION 1
FISCHER-TROPSCH FACILITIES AT A GLANCE INTRODUCTION 3 FEED-TO-SYNGAS
CONVERSION 4 FEED LOGISTICS AND FEED PREPARATION 5 SYNGAS PRODUCTION 5
SYNGAS CLEANING AND CONDITIONING 7 SYNGAS-TO-SYNCRUDE CONVERSION 8
SYNCRUDE-TO-PRODUCT CONVERSION 10 UPGRADING VERSUS REFINING 10 FUELS
VERSUS CHEMICALS 1 1 CRUDE OIL COMPARED TO SYNCRUDE 12 INDIRECT
LIQUEFACTION ECONOMICS 14 FEED COST 14
PRODUCT PRICING 15 CAPITAL COST 17 REFERENCES 19
REFINING AND REFINERIES AT A GLANCE 21 INTRODUCTION 21 CONVENTIONAL
CRUDE OIL 22 HYDROCARBONS IN CRUDE OIL 23
SULFUR COMPOUNDS IN CRUDE OIL 23 NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN CRUDE OIL 25
OXYGENATES IN CRUDE OIL 25 METALS IN CRUDE OIL 26 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 27
PRODUCTS FROM CRUDE OIL 28 BOILING RANGE AND PRODUCT QUALITY 29
EVOLUTION OF CRUDE OIL REFINERIES 31
BIBLIOGRAFISCHE INFORMATIONEN HTTP://D-NB.INFO/1010591665
DIGITALISIERT DURCH
IMAGE 2
VIII CONTENTS
2.4.1 FIRST-GENERATION CRUDE OIL REFINERIES 32
2.4.2 SECOND-GENERATION CRUDE OIL REFINERIES 33 2.4.3 THIRD-GENERATION
CRUDE OIL REFINERIES 36 2.4.4 FOURTH-GENERATION CRUDE OIL REFINERIES 39
2.4.5 PETROCHEMICAL REFINERIES 43
2.4.6 LUBRICANT BASE OIL REFINERIES 44 REFERENCES 46
PART II PRODUCTION OF FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNCRUDE 49
3 SYNTHESIS GAS PRODUCTION, CLEANING, AND CONDITIONING 51 3.1
INTRODUCTION 5I
3.2 RAW MATERIALS 51
3.2.1 NATURAL GAS 51
3.2.2 SOLID CARBON SOURCES 52 3.3 SYNGAS FROM NATURAL GAS 53 3.3.1
NATURAL GAS CLEANING 55 3.3.2 ADIABATIC PREREFORMING 55
3.3.3 STEAM REFORMING 56 3.3.4 ADIABATIC OXIDATIVE REFORMING 56 3.3.5
GAS REFORMING COMPARISON 57 3.4 SYNGAS FROM SOLID CARBON SOURCES 58
3.4.1 GASIFICATION OF HETEROATOMS 59 3.4.2 LOW-TEMPERATURE MOVING BED
GASIFICATION 60 3.4.3 MEDIUM-TEMPERATURE FLUIDIZED BED GASIFICATION 62
3.4.4 HIGH-TEMPERATURE ENTRAINED FLOW GASIFICATION 64
3.4.5 GASIFICATION COMPARISON 66 3.5 SYNGAS CLEANING 66
3.5.1 ACID GAS REMOVAL 67 3.6 SYNGAS CONDITIONING 69 3.6.1 WATER GAS
SHIFT CONVERSION 69 3.7 AIR SEPARATION UNIT 70
REFERENCES 71
4 FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS 73
4.1 INTRODUCTION 73
4.2 FISCHER-TROPSCH MECHANISM 74 4.3 FISCHER-TROPSCH PRODUCT SELECTIVITY
77 4.3.1 PROBABILITY OF CHAIN GROWTH 78 4.3.2 HYDROGENATION VERSUS
DESORPTION 80 4.3.3 READSORPTION CHEMISTRY 81 4.4 SELECTIVITY
MANIPULATION IN FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS 81 4.4.1 FISCHER-TROPSCH
CATALYST FORMULATION 81
4.4.2 FISCHER-TROPSCH OPERATING CONDITIONS 83 4.4.3 FISCHER-TROPSCH
REACTION ENGINEERING 84
IMAGE 3
CONTENTS IX
4.5 FISCHER-TROPSCH CATALYST DEACTIVATION 88
4.5.1 POISONING BY SYNGAS CONTAMINANTS 89 4.5.2 VOLATILE METAL CARBONYL
FORMATION 90 4.5.3 METAL CARBOXYLATE FORMATION 91 4.5.4 MECHANICAL
CATALYST DEGRADATION 92
4.5.5 DEACTIVATION OF FE-HTFT CATALYSTS 93 4.5.6 DEACTIVATION OF FE-LTFT
CATALYSTS 93 4.5.7 DEACTIVATION OF CO-LTFT CATALYSTS 95 REFERENCES 99
5 FISCHER-TROPSCH GAS LOOP 105
5.1 INTRODUCTION 105
5.2 GAS LOOP CONFIGURATIONS 107
5.2.1 OPEN GAS LOOP DESIGN 107 5.2.2 CLOSED GAS LOOP DESIGN 108 5.3
SYNCRUDE COOLING AND SEPARATION 109 5.3.1 PRESSURE SEPARATION 110 5.3.2
CRYOGENIC SEPARATION 110 5.3.3 OXYGENATE PARTITIONING 111
5.3.4 HTFT SYNCRUDE RECOVERY 113 5.3.5 LTFT SYNCRUDE RECOVERY 1 14
REFERENCES 116
PART III INDUSTRIAL FISCHER-TROPSCH FACILITIES 117
6 GERMAN FISCHER-TROPSCH FACILITIES 119 6.1 INTRODUCTION 119
6.2 SYNTHESIS GAS PRODUCTION 119
6.3 FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS 121
6.3.1 NORMAL-PRESSURE SYNTHESIS 122 6.3.2 MEDIUM-PRESSURE SYNTHESIS 125
6.3.3 GAS LOOP DESIGN 127
6.3.4 CARBON EFFICIENCY 128 6.4 FISCHER-TROPSCH REFINING 128 6.4.1
REFINING C3-C4 CRUDE LPG 129 6.4.2 REFINING CARBON GASOLINE 130 6.4.3
REFINING OF CONDENSATE OIL 132 6.4.4 REFINING OF WAXES 135
6.4.5 AQUEOUS PRODUCT REFINING 136 6.5 DISCUSSION OF THE REFINERY DESIGN
137 REFERENCES 138
7 AMERICAN HYDROCOL FACILITY 141
7.1 INTRODUCTION 141
7.2 SYNTHESIS GAS PRODUCTION 142
IMAGE 4
X CONTENTS
7.3 FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS 143
7.4 FISCHER-TROPSCH REFINING 145 7A.I OIL PRODUCT REFINING 146 7.4.2
REFINING AQUEOUS PRODUCT 149 7.5 DISCUSSION OF THE REFINERY DESIGN 150
REFERENCES 151
8 SASOL 1 FACILITY 153
8.1 INTRODUCTION 153
8.2 SYNTHESIS GAS PRODUCTION 154 8.2.1 LURGI DRY ASH COAL GASIFICATION
154 8.2.2 RECTISOL SYNTHESIS GAS CLEANING 155 8.3 FISCHER-TROPSCH
SYNTHESIS 157 8.3.1 KELLOGG HTFT SYNTHESIS 157 8.3.2 ARGE LTFT SYNTHESIS
159
8.3.3 GAS LOOP DESIGN 162 8.4 FISCHER-TROPSCH REFINING 163 8.4.1 KELLOGG
HTFT OIL REFINING 163 8.4.2 ARGE LTFT OIL REFINING 165 8.4.3 AQUEOUS
PRODUCT REFINING 166 8.4.4 COAL PYROLYSIS PRODUCT REFINING 169 8.4.5
SYNTHETIC FUEL PROPERTIES 170 8.5 EVOLUTION OF THE SASOL 1 FACILITY 172
8.5.1 CHANGES IN SYNTHESIS GAS PRODUCTION 172 8.5.2 CHANGES IN
FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS 173 8.5.3 CHANGES IN FISCHER-TROPSCH REFINING
174 8.5.4 CHANGES IN COAL PYROLYSIS PRODUCT REFINING 177 8.6 DISCUSSION
OF THE REFINERY DESIGN 177
REFERENCES 179
9 SASOL 2 AND 3 FACILITIES 181
9.1 INTRODUCTION 181
9.2 SYNTHESIS GAS PRODUCTION 182 9.2.1 LURGI DRY ASH COAL GASIFICATION
182 9.2.2 SYNTHESIS GAS CLEANING 182 9.3 FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS 183
9.3.1 GAS LOOP DESIGN 184 9.4 FISCHER-TROPSCH REFINING 186 9.4.1 SYNTHOL
HTFT CONDENSATE REFINING 188 9.4.2 SYNTHOL HTFT OIL REFINING 192 9.4.3
AQUEOUS PRODUCT REFINING 194 9.4.4 COAL PYROLYSIS PRODUCT REFINING 196
9.4.5 SYNTHETIC FUEL PROPERTIES 198 9.5 EVOLUTION OF SASOL SYNFUELS 199
9.5.1 CHANGES IN SYNTHESIS GAS PRODUCTION 201
IMAGE 5
CONTENTS XI
9.5.2 CHANGES IN FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS 201
9.5.3 CHANGES IN FISCHER-TROPSCH CONDENSATE REFINING 202 9.5.4
EXTRACTION OF LINEAR 1-ALKENES 204 9.5.5 CHANGES IN FISCHER-TROPSCH OIL
REFINING 205 9.5.6 CHANGES IN FISCHER-TROPSCH AQUEOUS PRODUCT REFINING
210
9.5.7 CHANGES IN COAL PYROLYSIS PRODUCT REFINING 211 9.5.8 SYNTHETIC JET
FUEL 212
9.6 DISCUSSION OF THE REFINERY DESIGN 212 REFERENCES 214
10 MOSSGAS FACILITY 217
10.1 INTRODUCTION 217
10.2 SYNTHESIS GAS PRODUCTION 218 10.2.1 NATURAL GAS LIQUID RECOVERY 238
10.2.2 GAS REFORMING 218
10.3 FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS 220 10.3.1 GAS LOOP DESIGN 221 10.4
FISCHER-TROPSCH REFINING 222 10.4.1 OIL REFINING 222 10.4.2 AQUEOUS
PRODUCT REFINING 225
10.4.3 SYNTHETIC FUEL PROPERTIES 227 10.5 EVOLUTION OF THE PETROSA
FACILITY 227 10.5.1 ADDITION OF LOW-TEMPERATURE FISCHER-TROPSCH
SYNTHESIS 227
10.5.2 CHANGES IN THE FISCHER-TROPSCH REFINERY 227 10.6 DISCUSSION OF
THE REFINERY DESIGN 228 REFERENCES 229
11 SHELL MIDDLE DISTILLATE SYNTHESIS (SMDS) FACILITIES 231 11.1
INTRODUCTION 231
11.2 SYNTHESIS GAS PRODUCTION IN BINTULU GTL 232 11.3 FISCHER-TROPSCH
SYNTHESIS IN BINTULU GTL 233 11.4 FISCHER-TROPSCH REFINING IN BINTULU
GTL 235 11.4.1 OIL REFINING 235 11.4.2 AQUEOUS PRODUCT TREATMENT 238
11.5 PEARL GTL FACILITY 238
11.6 DISCUSSION OF THE REFINERY DESIGN 239 REFERENCES 239
12 ORYX AND ESCRAVOS GAS-TO-LIQUIDS FACILITIES 241 12.1 INTRODUCTION 241
12.2 SYNTHESIS GAS PRODUCTION IN ORYX GTL 242 12.3 FISCHER-TROPSCH
SYNTHESIS IN ORYX GTL 243 12.4 FISCHER-TROPSCH REFINING IN ORYX GTL 244
12.4.1 OIL REFINING 244 12.4.2 AQUEOUS PRODUCT TREATMENT 247
IMAGE 6
XII CONTENTS
12.5 DISCUSSION OF THE REFINERY DESIGN 247
REFERENCES 248
PART IV SYNTHETIC TRANSPORTATION FUELS 249
13 MOTOR-GASOLINE 251 13.1 INTRODUCTION 251 13.2 MOTOR-GASOLINE
SPECIFICATIONS 252 13.3 MOTOR-GASOLINE PROPERTIES 253
13.3.1 OCTANE NUMBER 253 13.3.2 DENSITY 259 13.3.3 VOLATILITY 259 13.3.4
FUEL STABILITY 261
13.3.5 ALKENE CONTENT 261 13.3.6 AROMATIC CONTENT 262 13.3.7 SULFUR
CONTENT 262 13.3.8 OXYGENATE CONTENT 262 13.3.9 METAL CONTENT 263 13.4
AVIATION-GASOLINE 264 13.5 FUTURE MOTOR-GASOLINE SPECIFICATION CHANGES
265
REFERENCES 266
14 JET FUEL 269
14.1 INTRODUCTION 269 14.2 JET FUEL SPECIFICATIONS 270 14.2.1 SYNTHETIC
JET FUEL 271 14.2.2 FUEL FOR MILITARY USE 272 14.3 JET FUEL PROPERTIES
273 14.3.1 NET HEAT OF COMBUSTION 274 14.3.2 DENSITY AND VISCOSITY 275
14.3.3 FREEZING POINT TEMPERATURE 276 143 A AROMATIC CONTENT AND SMOKE
POINT 276 14.3.5 SULFUR AND ACID CONTENT 278 14.3.6 VOLATILITY 278
14.3.7 STABILITY 278
14.3.8 ELASTOMER COMPATIBILITY AND LUBRICITY 279 14.4 FUTURE JET FUEL
SPECIFICATION CHANGES 280 REFERENCES 280
15 DIESEL FUEL 283
15.1 INTRODUCTION 283 15.2 DIESEL FUEL SPECIFICATIONS 284 15.3 DIESEL
FUEL PROPERTIES 286 15.3.1 CETANE NUMBER 286 15.3.2 DENSITY AND
VISCOSITY 290
IMAGE 7
CONTENTS XIII
15.3.3 FLASH POINT 290
15.3.4 LUBRICITY 290 15.3.5 AROMATIC CONTENT 292 15.3.6 SULFUR CONTENT
292 15.3.7 COLD-FLOW PROPERTIES 293 15.3.8 STABILITY 294
15.3.9 ELASTOMER COMPATIBILITY 294 15.4 DIESEL FUEL ADDITIVES THAT
AFFECT REFINERY DESIGN 295 15.5 FUTURE DIESEL FUEL SPECIFICATION CHANGES
296 REFERENCES 297
PARTV REFINING TECHNOLOGY 303
16 REFINING TECHNOLOGY SELECTION 303 16.1 INTRODUCTION 303
16.2 HYDROTREATING 305
16.2.1 HYDROGENATION OF ALKENES 306 16.2.2 HYDRODEOXYGENATION 307 16.3
ADDITION AND REMOVAL OF OXYGEN 308 16.3.1 DEHYDRATION 308 16.3.2
ETHERIFICATION 309 16.3.3 HYDRATION 309
16.3.4 ESTERIFICATION 330 16.3.5 CARBONYL AROMATIZATION 310 16.3.6
HYDROFORMYLATION 311 16.3.7 AUTOXIDATION 313 16.4 ALKENE CONVERSION 312
16.4.1 DOUBLE BOND ISOMERIZATION 312 16.4.2 METATHESIS 314 16.4.3
SKELETAL ISOMERIZATION 314 16.4.4 OLIGOMERIZATION 335 16.4.5 ALIPHATIC
ALKYLATION 336 16.4.6 AROMATIC ALKYLATION 317 16.5 ALKANE CONVERSION 339
16.5.1 HYDROISOMERIZATION 319 16.5.2 HYDROCRACKING 320 16.5.3 NAPHTHA
REFORMING AND AROMATIZATION 323 16.5.4 DEHYDROGENATION 322 16.6 RESIDUE
CONVERSION 323 16.6.1 CATALYTIC CRACKING 323 16.6.2 VISBREAKING 324
16.6.3 THERMAL CRACKING 324 16.6.4 COKING 326
16.7 FISCHER-TROPSCH REFINING TECHNOLOGY SELECTION 326 REFERENCES 328
IMAGE 8
XIV CONTENTS
17 DEHYDRATION, ETHERIFICATION, AND HYDRATION 335
17.1 INTRODUCTION 335
17.2 DEHYDRATION 336
17.2.1 REACTION CHEMISTRY 339 17.2.2 CATALYSIS 340 17.2.3 SYNCRUDE
PROCESS TECHNOLOGY 341
17.3 ETHERIFICATION 343 17.3.1 REACTION CHEMISTRY 345 17.3.2 CATALYSIS
346 17.3.3 SYNCRUDE PROCESS TECHNOLOGY 347 17.4 HYDRATION 347
17A.I REACTION CHEMISTRY 349 17.4.2 CATALYSIS 349 17 A3 SYNCRUDE PROCESS
TECHNOLOGY 350 REFERENCES 350
18 ISOMERIZATION 353
18.1 INTRODUCTION 353
18.2 REACTION CHEMISTRY 354 18.2.1 ALKENE SKELETAL ISOMERIZATION 354
18.2.2 ALKANE HYDROISOMERIZATION 356 18.3 SKELETAL ISOMERIZATION 357
18.3.1 BUTENE ISOMERIZATION CATALYSIS 358 18.3.2 PENTENE ISOMERIZATION
CATALYSIS 359 18.3.3 SYNCRUDE PROCESS TECHNOLOGY 360 18.4
HYDROISOMERIZATION 360 18.4.1 BUTANE HYDROISOMERIZATION CATALYSIS 362
18.4.2 C5-C6 NAPHTHA HYDROISOMERIZATION CATALYSIS 362 18.4.3 HEAVY
ALKANE AND WAX HYDROISOMERIZATION CATALYSIS 364 18.4.4 SYNCRUDE PROCESS
TECHNOLOGY 364
REFERENCES 366
19 OLIGOMERIZATION 369 19.1 INTRODUCTION 369
19.2 REACTION CHEMISTRY 372 19.3 CATALYSIS 374
19.3.1 SOLID PHOSPHORIC ACID 375 19.3.2 H-ZSM-5 ZEOLITE 378 19.3.3
AMORPHOUS SILICA-ALUMINA 380 19.3.4 ACIDIC RESIN 383 19.3.5 HOMOGENEOUS
NICKEL 383 19.3.6 THERMAL OLIGOMERIZATION 384 19 A SYNCRUDE PROCESS
TECHNOLOGY 385
REFERENCES 388
IMAGE 9
CONTENTS XV
20
20.1 20.2 20.3 20.3.1 20.3.2
20.3.3 20.4
21 21.1 21.2 21.2.1 21.2.2 21.2.3 21.3 21.3.1
21.4 21.4.1 21.4.2 21.5 21.5.1
21.5.2
22 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.3.1 22.3.2
22.3.3 22.4 22.4.1 22.4.2 22.4.3 22.5
22.5.1 22.5.2 22.5.3
23 23.1
AROMATIC ALKYLATION 393 INTRODUCTION 393 REACTION CHEMISTRY 395
CATALYSIS 396 AROMATIC ALKYLATION WITH ETHENE 3 97 AROMATIC ALKYLATION
WITH PROPENE 399 AROMATIC ALKYLATION WITH C4 AND HEAVIER ALKENES 401
SYNCRUDE PROCESS TECHNOLOGY 403 REFERENCES 405
CRACKING 407 INTRODUCTION 407 REACTION CHEMISTRY 410 THERMAL CRACKING
430
CATALYTIC CRACKING 434 HYDROCRACKING 416 THERMAL CRACKING 419 SYNCRUDE
PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY 421
CATALYTIC CRACKING 421 CATALYSIS 423 SYNCRUDE PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY 425
HYDROCRACKING 427 CATALYSIS 430 SYNCRUDE PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY 434
REFERENCES 436
REFORMING AND AROMATIZATION 443 INTRODUCTION 443 THERMAL NAPHTHA
REFORMING 443 CONVENTIONAL CATALYTIC NAPHTHA REFORMING 444
REACTION CHEMISTRY 444 CATALYSIS 447 SYNCRUDE PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY 449
MONOFUNCTIONAL NONACIDIC PT/L-ZEOLITE NAPHTHA REFORMING 450
REACTION CHEMISTRY 453 CATALYSIS 452 SYNCRUDE PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY 453
AROMATIZATION 454 REACTION CHEMISTRY 456 CATALYSIS 457
SYNCRUDE PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY 460 REFERENCES 461
CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES 465 INTRODUCTION 465
IMAGE 10
XVI CONTENTS
23.2 PRODUCTION OF N-1-ALKENES (LINEAR A-OLEFINS) 466
23.2.1 EXTRACTION OF 1-PENTENE AND 1-HEXENE 467 23.2.2 EXTRACTION OF
1-OCTENE 470 23.2.3 PRODUCTION OF 1-OCTENE FROM 1-HEPTENE 473 23.2.4
DISTILLATE-RANGE N-1-ALKENE EXTRACTION 474
23.3 AUTOXIDATION 474
23.3.1 AUTOXIDATION REGIMES 477 23.3.2 REACTION CHEMISTRY 478 23.3.3
FISCHER-TROPSCH WAX OXIDATION 480 23.3.4 SYNCRUDE PROCESS TECHNOLOGY 484
REFERENCES 485
PART VI REFINERY DESIGN 489
24 PRINCIPLES OF REFINERY DESIGN 493 24.1 INTRODUCTION 493
24.2 REFINERY DESIGN CONCEPTS 493 24.2.1 CHARACTERISTIC OF THE REFINING
BUSINESS 491 24.2.2 COMPLEX SYSTEMS AND DESIGN RULES 493 24.2.3 REFINING
COMPLEXITY 495
24.2.4 REFINING EFFICIENCY 496 24.3 CONCEPTUAL REFINERY DESIGN 497
24.3.1 LINEAR PROGRAMMING 497 24.3.2 HIERARCHICAL DESIGN 498 24.3.3
TECHNOLOGY PRESELECTION 498 243 A CARBON-NUMBER-BASED DESIGN 499 24A
REAL-WORLD REFINERY DESIGN 500 24A.I REFINERY TYPE 501
24.4.2 REFINERY PRODUCTS AND MARKETS 501 24.4.3 REFINERY FEED SELECTION
502 24 A A REFINERY LOCATION 503 24.4.5 SECONDARY DESIGN OBJECTIVES 506
REFERENCES 508
25 MOTOR-GASOLINE REFINING 509 25.1 INTRODUCTION 509
25.2 GAP ANALYSIS FOR SYNCRUDE TO MOTOR-GASOLINE 510 25.2.1
MOTOR-GASOLINE SPECIFICATIONS 530 25.2.2 CARBON NUMBER DISTRIBUTION 511
25.2.3 COMPOSITION AND QUALITY 532
25.3 DECISIONS AFFECTING MOTOR-GASOLINE REFINING 534 25.3.1 CHEMICALS
COPRODUCTION 514 25.3.2 FATE OF C 2 -C 4 HYDROCARBONS 515 25.3.3 FATE OF
THE RESIDUE AND WAX 516 253 A FATE OF THE AQUEOUS PRODUCT 517
IMAGE 11
CONTENTS XVII
25.3.5 ALKANE-BASED NAPHTHA REFINING 518
25.3.6 TECHNOLOGY SELECTION 519 25.3.7 CO-REFINING 523 25.4
MOTOR-GASOLINE REFINING FROM HTFT SYNCRUDE 522 25 A.I HTFT
MOTOR-GASOLINE DESIGN CASE I 522 25.4.2 HTFT MOTOR-GASOLINE DESIGN CASE
II 526 25.5 MOTOR-GASOLINE REFINING FROM LTFT SYNCRUDE 529 25.5.1 LTFT
MOTOR-GASOLINE DESIGN CASE I 529 25.5.2 LTFT MOTOR-GASOLINE DESIGN CASE
II 534 25.5.3 LTFT MOTOR-GASOLINE DESIGN CASE III 537
REFERENCES 539
26 JET FUEL REFINING 541
26.1 INTRODUCTION 543
26.2 GAP ANALYSIS FOR SYNCRUDE TO JET FUEL 543 26.2.1 JET FUEL
SPECIFICATIONS 541 26.2.2 CARBON NUMBER DISTRIBUTION 542 26.2.3
COMPOSITION AND QUALITY 542 26.3 DECISIONS AFFECTING JET FUEL REFINING
544
26.3.1 FATE OF C 2 -C 4 HYDROCARBONS 544 26.3.2 FATE OF THE RESIDUE AND
WAX 545 26.3.3 TECHNOLOGY SELECTION 546 26.3.4 CO-REFINING 547 26.4 JET
FUEL REFINING FROM HTFT SYNCRUDE 548 26A.I HTFT JET FUEL DESIGN CASE I
549 26.4.2 HTFT JET FUEL DESIGN CASE II 552 26.5 JET FUEL REFINING FROM
LTFT SYNCRUDE 553 26.5.1 LTFT JET FUEL DESIGN CASE I 555
REFERENCES 558
27 DIESEL FUEL REFINING 559
27.1 INTRODUCTION 559
27.2 GAP ANALYSIS FOR SYNCRUDE TO DIESEL FUEL 560 27.2.1 DIESEL FUEL
SPECIFICATIONS 560 27.2.2 CARBON NUMBER DISTRIBUTION 563 27.2.3
COMPOSITION AND QUALITY 562 27.2.4 DENSITY-CETANE-YIELD TRIANGLE 563
27.3 DECISIONS AFFECTING DIESEL FUEL REFINING 564 27.3.1 FATE OF C2-C4
HYDROCARBONS 565 27.3.2 FATE OF THE RESIDUE AND WAX 565 27.3.3 FATE OF
THE AQUEOUS PRODUCT 565 27.3.4 TECHNOLOGY SELECTION 566
27.3.5 CO-REFINING 567 27.3.6 DEALING WITH THE DENSITY-CETANE-YIELD
TRIANGLE 569 27.4 DIESEL FUEL REFINING FROM HTFT SYNCRUDE 570
IMAGE 12
XVIII CONTENTS
27.4.1 HTFT DIESEL FUEL DESIGN CASE I 570
27.5 DIESEL FUEL REFINING FROM LTFT SYNCRUDE 573 27.5.1 LTFT DIESEL FUEL
DESIGN CASE I 573 27.5.2 LTFT DIESEL FUEL DESIGN CASE II 576 REFERENCES
578
28 CHEMICALS AND LUBRICANT REFINING 583 28.1 INTRODUCTION 583 28.2
PETROCHEMICAL AND LUBRICANT MARKETS 582 28.2.1 PETROCHEMICALS 582
28.2.2 LUBRICANTS 584 28.3 OVERVIEW OF CHEMICALS REFINING CONCEPTS FOR
SYNCRUDE 585 28.3.1 ALKANE-BASED REFINING 585 28.3.2 AROMATICS
PRODUCTION 586 28.3.3 ALKENE AND OXYGENATE RECOVERY 587
28.3.4 FUELS AND CHEMICALS COPRODUCTION 588 28.4 FISCHER-TROPSCH-BASED
PETROCHEMICAL REFINING 591 28.4.1 ALKANE REFINING 591 28.4.2 LIGHT
ALKENE REFINING 592 28.4.3 LINEAR 1-ALKENE REFINING 594 28.4.4 AROMATICS
REFINING 595 28.4.5 OXYGENATE REFINING 597 28.5 FISCHER-TROPSCH-BASED
LUBRICANT BASE OIL REFINING 597 28.5.1 GROUP III LUBRICANT REFINING 598
28.5.2 GROUP IV LUBRICANT REFINING 599 28.5.3 LUBRICANT BASE OIL
REFINING 600
REFERENCES 601
INDEX 603 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Klerk, Arno de |
| author_facet | Klerk, Arno de |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Klerk, Arno de |
| author_variant | a d k ad adk |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV039534812 |
| classification_rvk | VE 7040 VN 5430 ZE 37000 ZP 3760 |
| classification_tum | CIT 576f CHE 167f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)725019668 (DE-599)DNB1010591665 |
| dewey-full | 662.6623 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 662 - Explosives, fuels & related products |
| dewey-raw | 662.6623 |
| dewey-search | 662.6623 |
| dewey-sort | 3662.6623 |
| dewey-tens | 660 - Chemical engineering |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Physik Chemie Chemie-Ingenieurwesen Agrar-/Forst-/Ernährungs-/Haushaltswissenschaft / Gartenbau Energietechnik |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV039534812 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-21T00:07:22Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3527326057 9783527326051 9783527635603 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024387019 |
| oclc_num | 725019668 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 DE-11 DE-83 DE-634 DE-210 DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-1029 DE-29T |
| owner_facet | DE-703 DE-11 DE-83 DE-634 DE-210 DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-1029 DE-29T |
| physical | XXI, 620 S. graph. Darst. 25 cm |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publishDateSearch | 2011 |
| publishDateSort | 2011 |
| publisher | Wiley-VCH-Verl. |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Klerk, Arno de Verfasser aut Fischer-Tropsch refining Arno de Klerk Weinheim Wiley-VCH-Verl. 2011 XXI, 620 S. graph. Darst. 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturangaben Raffination (DE-588)4048288-1 gnd rswk-swf Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese (DE-588)4154472-9 gnd rswk-swf Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese (DE-588)4154472-9 s Raffination (DE-588)4048288-1 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-3-527-63561-0 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-3-527-63562-7 X:MVB text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3702190&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024387019&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Klerk, Arno de Fischer-Tropsch refining Raffination (DE-588)4048288-1 gnd Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese (DE-588)4154472-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4048288-1 (DE-588)4154472-9 |
| title | Fischer-Tropsch refining |
| title_auth | Fischer-Tropsch refining |
| title_exact_search | Fischer-Tropsch refining |
| title_full | Fischer-Tropsch refining Arno de Klerk |
| title_fullStr | Fischer-Tropsch refining Arno de Klerk |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fischer-Tropsch refining Arno de Klerk |
| title_short | Fischer-Tropsch refining |
| title_sort | fischer tropsch refining |
| topic | Raffination (DE-588)4048288-1 gnd Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese (DE-588)4154472-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Raffination Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese |
| url | http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3702190&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024387019&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT klerkarnode fischertropschrefining |