Asasinările în masă din RASSM în perioada Marii Terori: 1937 - 1938 ; documente desecretizate din arhivele MAI şi SIS ala Republicii Moldova 1
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Romanian |
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Chisinău
Ed. Arc [u.a.]
(2010)
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| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Physical Description: | 710 S. |
| ISBN: | 9789975615792 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Asasinările în masă din RASSM în perioada Marii Terori |b 1937 - 1938 ; documente desecretizate din arhivele MAI şi SIS ala Republicii Moldova |n 1 |c Ion Varta ; Tatiana Varta ; Igor Şarov |
| 264 | 1 | |a Chisinău |b Ed. Arc [u.a.] |c (2010) | |
| 300 | |a 710 S. | ||
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| adam_text |
Studiu
introductiv
cxi
SUMMARY
The Bolshevik1 party's decision to resort to violence and terror at the time of taking over the political
power in Russia and of maintaining it for dozens of years fully corresponds with the theoretical theses de¬
veloped by V.Lenin, who himself drew his inspiration from the secrets of K.Marx and
F.Engels. V.Lenin
mo¬
tivated the necessity to resort to violence and terror as the main means of accomplishing political aims in
a number of his works, which include: „What Should Be Done?" (1902),,,Imperialism-the Highest Level of
Capitalism"
(1916),
„A Letter to American Workers"
(1918)
and others. The Bolshevik leader tried to prove
that the civil war was the main weapon in the liquidation of the „oppressing classes" that could be destroyed
only in a ruthless armed struggle till they were completely eliminated from the Russian society.
Only a few days after the successful outcome of the putsch on November
7,1917,
Lenin unjustifyingly
pointed to the cadets (the Constitutional Democratic Party) as the main instigators of the civil war and de¬
clared on them and other invented enemies a ruthless war that was to end in their complete annihilation.
In fact, immediately after the Bolsheviks had taken over the political power by means of a coup d'etat,
the other political forces in Russia fevereshly tried to find ways of avoiding the civil war. A Constituent As¬
sembly was considered by most political parties, opponents of the Bolshevik one, a very good solution to
avoid a fratricide war. Lenin and his party, however, preferred the war. The dissolution of the Constituent
Assembly and later the punishment of its supporters in
Petrograd
streets, that ended in the death of dozens
of people, meant the beginning of an unprecedented civil war on the European continent and millions of
people fell victims to it. Only two months after the November
1917
putsch, Lenin and his party, having dis¬
solved and punished the Constituent Assembly, realized another coup d'etat that threw Russia in the civil
war chasm and in some long standing confrontations between the Bolsheviks and the greater part of the
society that would be decimated through violence and terror, used as universal arms for the annihilation of
whole categories of population.
At the beginning of the civil war, they established
CEKA
(
the Extraordinary commission for fight¬
ing against revolution enemies, speculation and sabotage), a repressive body, that was, in fact, the secret
police of the Bolshevik regime, a terrorist structure that aimed at spying abroad and against its own people
and that organized numerous criminal actions and attempted murders. The September
5,1917
law formally
established the Russian Terror, which, in fact, had been launched long before by the Bolshevik Party and
which sentenced to death without the decisions of military tribunals. At the same time, Lenin founded a
whole net of concentration camps for the isolation of „class enemies".
Within a short period of time after the Bolshevik putsch, it became clear that the so-called
leninist
slo¬
gan about the right of the non-Russian peoples from the former empire to national self-determination up
to final separation was nothing but a lie. All the peoples, once made to join the empire, who dared to claim
such a right and to proclaim it, were brought back through violence to the empire renewed by the Bolshe¬
viks, whose symbol was the red star with the scythe and the hammer that replaced the two-headed eagle.
For several years, the Red Army had been at war to reconquer the peoples who wanted national emancipa-
Bolshevik
-
a supporter of the system of government introduced in the USSR in
1917
cxiì
Summary
tion
and who succeded in proclaiming independence from the old
metropoly.
In most cases, those were
bloody wars that ended in hundreds of thousands victims.
Actions of repressive violence were simultaneously applied on the territories controlled by the Bol¬
shevik regime against the workers, who had expressed their dissatisfaction caused by the aggravation of
their situation. Workers' strikes that broke out in many districts controlled by the communist regime, were
put down cruelly and ended in thousands of victims. Such violence had never been known in Russia. The
Bolshevik authorities demonstrated grim ferocity when, in the citadel city of
Kronstadt,
in March
1921,
they
put down the revolt of the soldiers and sailors, who passed a vote of censure on the Bolshevik dictatorship
that brought the country to the edge of an abyss.
Anyway, it was the peasants who constituted the main target of the class struggle that in
1918-1923
put on the attire of a ferocious civil war. The Bolsheviks were guilty of releasing a peasants' war that was
out of all proportion to anything that had happened before in the history of Russia and that constituted the
second component of the civil war.
The dispossession, in the Bolshevik style, of landowners of their estates increased the chaos and the
revolt that persisted in the Russian province. The policy of „war communism" with elements of compulsion
on peasants to hand over the agricultural products to the requisition detachments dynamited the Russian
province even more. The drastic policy of compulsory requisition, which often ended in violent clashes be¬
tween peasants and the respective detachments, led, in various regions of Russia, to an armed resistance of
the peasants who were revolted against the Bolsheviks' policy. At certain stages, it was the armed peasants
and not the movement of the „whites" or the armed intervention of the foreign powers, supporters of that
movement, who became the main adversary. The peasants' armed rebellion developed into a war out of all
proportion that spread to various regions and involved thousands and thousands of peasants in the guer¬
rilla fratricide fights. At Lenin's order, toxic gases were used against the armed peasants in Tambov region.
Thus the gas attack was used for the first time in the history of Russia to fight with the peasants who pro¬
tested against the unhuman policy of the communist regime.
The punishment of Cossacks2 in the south of Russia, particularly down the river Don, was unimagin¬
ably ferocious. The murderous revenge of Lenin's regime on the Cossacks, who were free peasants, devel¬
oped into a mass extermination of that social category and ended in dozens of deaths.
The Red Terror during the civil war caused victims among Russian intellectuals, nobility, tradesmen
and manufacturers.
The civil war culminated in a terrible famine, which brought other millions of victims. The fault partly
lay with the Bolshevik leaders, who did not undertake efficient measures to diminish the disastruous effects
of the famine and rejected the assistance offered by charity organizations from the West and, especially,
from the United States of America. Under the pretext of helping those who were starving, the communists
started the operation of robbing the churches. Valuable cult objects were confiscated through violence and
shooting the representatives of the clergy and parishioners who opposed the regime. The greatest part of
the confiscated church valuable things were used later by Lenin's Bolshevik government to support the rev¬
olutionary (terrorist) movement in European countries, though
promices
had been made to help the starv¬
ing people.
The resort to violence against the undesirable never stopped, even after the civil war. It continued
against »counter-revolutionary elements" and during the so-called „New Economic Policy" that became le¬
galized after the adoption of the new penal code which stipulated all the sanctions against „class elements",
including death sentence. Violence and terror reached a veryjiigh level during the so-called dispossession
of kulaks* and compulsory collectivization of agriculture
(1928-1932),
which constituted new class struggle
forms (of terror) against the peasantry.
| Cossacks
-
people who
¡.ved
in the plains of
S
Russia and the Ukraine, famous for their skill in riding horses, their fierce
lighting, and the.r characteristic ways of dancing with the knees bent, the body low, and the arms folded in front of the body.
A small number still exist.
'
Kulak
-
a wealthy peasant.
_
Summary
_[_
Abusive and absolutely unjustified dispossession of certain categories of peasants of their property
and their deportation to Siberia had dramatic consequences for the Russian peasants, who constituted at
the time the greatest part of the Russian society (over
80%
of the country's population). This policy led to
another ferocious famine (the Stalinist famine) which, like the Great Famine of
1921-1923
(the
leninist
fam¬
ine), killed over ten million people, particularly in the southern and central regions of the Ukraine, as well
as in Stavropol, Krasnodar and other Russian regions. That famine also killed dozens of thousands people
in the former Soviet Socialist Autonomous Moldovan Republic (RASSM).
In the first half of the thirties, the struggle within the party caused numerous victims. The murder of
M.Kirov, one of the most important communist leaders, in December
1934,
served as a calling signal for
new waves of terror that culminated in the Great Terror of
1937-1938.
Over
900.000
people were shot in the
space of a year and three months. Over another million people were deported to concentration camps.
The mass assassinations in RASSM during the Great Terror reached the highest level in the Ukranian
space. That was also because they were organized in a series of two operations. The first one was similar
to those in other regions and republics of the USSR and was orchestrated by Tiraspol Special Troika. The
„counter-revolutinary and
antisoviet
elements", former petlurists, white army officers, former and present-
day kulaks and others became the target of that extrajudiciary body that consisted of the Party first secre¬
tary, the prosecutor of the Moldovan authonomy and the head of NKVD (a structure thar became the suc¬
cessor of the famous
CEKA).
The second operation, the so-called „Romanian operation", was orchestrated by Moscow „Dvoika",
consisting of Andrei Vasinscki, general prosecutor of the USSR and Nikolai Ejov, the head of NKVD. The
lists of those suspected of spying in favour of Romania were sent to the two people for them to sign the
conviction verdicts of death sentence or of long-term camp concentration sentence. Thus the crime com¬
mitted by the communist regime in RASSM doubled in comparison with other regions of the Ukraine.
The present book, the first in a five volume series, includes the proceedings of Tiraspol Special Troika
related to the death and long-term camp concentration sentence of those who were brought to that extra-
judiciary body in August -December
1937.
The other four volumes will include the proceedings of Special
Troika for the year
1938
and those of „Dvoika" for
1937-1938.
The names of about five thousand people, who were sentenced to death by the two extrajudiciary bod¬
ies, will be inserted in the five volumes of this collection. The other four thousand people, whose names are
mentioned in these proceedings, were sent to concentration camps for different periods.
This collection of documents does not exhaust the problem of the Great Terror in RASSM as more
proceedings of Special „Troika" and of Moscow „Dvoika" are missing. Research in the archives of the
Ukraine and the Russian Federation would contribute to an integral elucidation of this terrifying drama of
the Moldovan people during
stalinist
Great Terror.
CUPRINS
Abrevieri
.
vi
Histoire et mémoire des crimes communistes. Préface de Stéphane Courtois
.
vii
Istoria
şi memoria crimelor comuniste. Prefaţă
de Stéphane Courtois.
ix
Teroarea bolşevică: de la origini la punerea în practică.
Studiu introductiv de Ion
Varta,
Tatiana
Varta,
IgorŞarov
.xi
Capitolul
1.
ORIGINILE TERORII BOLŞEVICE ŞI PUNEREA
ÎN PRACTICĂ A ACESTEIA ÎN PERIOADA
1917-1922.xi
1.1.
V. Lenin
-
autorul concepţiei teroriste de preluare şi exercitare a puterii politice
.xi
1.2.
Debutul Terorii Roşii. Dizolvarea Adunării
Consituante
şi declanşarea războiului civil
.xvi
1.3.
Constituirea organelor de represiune. Amplificarea Terorii Roşii.
Instituirea lagărelor de concentrare
.xviii
1.4.
Refacerea imperiului de către bolşevici prin metode violente şi reprimarea
aspiraţiilor de independenţă ale popoarelor
neruse
.xxi
1.5.
Aplicarea în practică a doctrinei lui
Lenin
despre războiul civil ca formă a luptei de clasă
.xxii
1.6.
Anihilarea oponenţilor politici prin metode represive, teroriste
.xxv
1.7.
înăbuşirea revoltei din
Kronstadt
-
manifestare clasică a represiunii bolşevice
.xxvi
1.8.
Teroarea roşie împotriva muncitorilor
.xxvii
1.9.
Ţărănimea
-
ţinta principală a terorii bolşevice.
Teroarea Roşie contra ţărănimii în perioada „comunismului de război"
.xxviii
1.10.
Exterminarea căzăcimii de pe Don
-
crimă a bolşevicilor împotriva propriului popor
.xxxii
1.11.
Terorizarea intelectualităţii
.xxxiii
1.12.
Marea Foamete din anii
1921-1923 .xxxvi
1.13.
Teroarea Roşie împotriva Bisericii
.xxxviii
Capitolul
2.
TEROAREA „LEGALĂ" ÎN PERIOADA NOII POLITICI ECONOMICE
.xliii
Capitolul
3.
LICHIDAREA ŢĂRĂNIMII CA PĂTURĂ SOCIALĂ „DUŞMĂNOASĂ"
.xlviii
3.1.
„Deschiaburirea" şi colectivizarea forţată a agriculturii
(1928-1932),
forme de teroare împotriva ţărănimii
.xlviii
3.2.
„Deschiaburirea" şi colectivizarea în Republica Autonomă Sovietică Socialistă Moldovenească
.lviii
3.3.
Foametea din
1932-1933
ca formă de exterminare în masă a unor categorii de populaţie din
URSS
.lx
3.4.
Foametea din RASSM din anii
1932-1933.lxiv
Capitolul
4.
TERORIZAREA MEMBRILOR DE PARTID
.
lxix
4.1.
Teroarea
stalinista
în cadrul partidului în perioada
1929-1934.
lxix
4.2.
Anul
1934 -
începutul epurărilor în masă
.lxxi
4.3.
Procesele politice din anii
1935-1938 .lxxiii
Capitolul
5.
MAREA TEROARE
(1937-1938) .lxxv
5.1.
Mecanismul Marii Terori
.lxxvi
5.2
Aplicarea prevederilor ordinului nr.
00447.lxxviii
5.3
Desfăşurarea Marii Terori
.lxxxiii
5.4
„Operaţiunile naţionale" din cadrul Marii Terori
. lxxxvii
Capitolul
6.
MAREA TEROARE DIN
RASS
MOLDOVENEASCĂ ÎN ANII
19371938.xc
6.1.
Filoromânismul transnistrenilor
-
cap de acuzare pentru condamnarea la moarte
.xc
6.2.
Reprezentanţi ai altor grupuri etnice din RASSM, victime ale Marii Terori
.xcii
6.3.
Germanii din RASSM, victime ale Marii Terori
.xcvii
6.4.
Lupta cu Biserica Ortodoxă şi cu alte confesiuni religioase din RASSM în perioada Marii Terori
.
с
6.5.
„Operaţiunea română" în cadrul Marii Terori din RASSM
.
ci
6.6.
Execuţiile în masă din RASSM în perioada Marii Terori
(1937-1938).cvi
Summary
.
cxi
TEXTELE PROCESELOR-VERBALE
.1
Indice
.687 |
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| author_sort | Varta, Ion 1958- |
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| id | DE-604.BV039526279 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-01-29T17:03:48Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789975615792 |
| language | Romanian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024378651 |
| oclc_num | 750824102 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 710 S. |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publishDateSearch | 2010 |
| publishDateSort | 2010 |
| publisher | Ed. Arc [u.a.] |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Varta, Ion 1958- Verfasser (DE-588)1076187358 aut Asasinările în masă din RASSM în perioada Marii Terori 1937 - 1938 ; documente desecretizate din arhivele MAI şi SIS ala Republicii Moldova 1 Ion Varta ; Tatiana Varta ; Igor Şarov Chisinău Ed. Arc [u.a.] (2010) 710 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Varta, Tatiana 1960- Verfasser (DE-588)1076187439 aut Şarov, Igor 1967- Verfasser (DE-588)1102900494 aut (DE-604)BV039526273 1 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024378651&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024378651&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Varta, Ion 1958- Varta, Tatiana 1960- Şarov, Igor 1967- Asasinările în masă din RASSM în perioada Marii Terori 1937 - 1938 ; documente desecretizate din arhivele MAI şi SIS ala Republicii Moldova |
| title | Asasinările în masă din RASSM în perioada Marii Terori 1937 - 1938 ; documente desecretizate din arhivele MAI şi SIS ala Republicii Moldova |
| title_auth | Asasinările în masă din RASSM în perioada Marii Terori 1937 - 1938 ; documente desecretizate din arhivele MAI şi SIS ala Republicii Moldova |
| title_exact_search | Asasinările în masă din RASSM în perioada Marii Terori 1937 - 1938 ; documente desecretizate din arhivele MAI şi SIS ala Republicii Moldova |
| title_full | Asasinările în masă din RASSM în perioada Marii Terori 1937 - 1938 ; documente desecretizate din arhivele MAI şi SIS ala Republicii Moldova 1 Ion Varta ; Tatiana Varta ; Igor Şarov |
| title_fullStr | Asasinările în masă din RASSM în perioada Marii Terori 1937 - 1938 ; documente desecretizate din arhivele MAI şi SIS ala Republicii Moldova 1 Ion Varta ; Tatiana Varta ; Igor Şarov |
| title_full_unstemmed | Asasinările în masă din RASSM în perioada Marii Terori 1937 - 1938 ; documente desecretizate din arhivele MAI şi SIS ala Republicii Moldova 1 Ion Varta ; Tatiana Varta ; Igor Şarov |
| title_short | Asasinările în masă din RASSM în perioada Marii Terori |
| title_sort | asasinarile in masa din rassm in perioada marii terori 1937 1938 documente desecretizate din arhivele mai si sis ala republicii moldova |
| title_sub | 1937 - 1938 ; documente desecretizate din arhivele MAI şi SIS ala Republicii Moldova |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024378651&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024378651&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV039526273 |
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