Bălgarija i bălgarite v italianskata geografska knižnina: (XIV - XVI vek)
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Bulgarian |
| Published: |
Sofija
Paradigma
2010
|
| Edition: | 1. izd. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Abstract Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | PST: Bulgaria and Bulgarians in 14th - 16th century Italian geographical writings. - In kyrill. Schr., bulg. - Zsfassung in engl. und ital. Sprache |
| Physical Description: | 461 S. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9789543261314 |
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SUMMARY
In the second half of the
ІЗ"1
and in the 14th century the geographical notion of
Bulgaria and Bulgarians gradually began to creep in medieval Italian geographical
maps and encyclopaedias. This followed the trends of development of geographical
knowledge about Europe as a whole and about the Balkan Peninsula in particular.
One should mention the fact that for the scholars of those times geography
was not a science in the contemporary sense, i.e. an assembly of truths about the
form and dimensions of the Earth, the location and boundaries of continents, the
climate, landscape, population and so on derived through experience. In the writ¬
ings of prevalently geographical character, erudites followed, by copying or editing,
"at had already been written on these matters by their predecessors or by ancient
authors. The texts in which one can find roads and routes followed by crusaders or
P'lgrims, i.e. such that are based on direct experience of reality and do not rely on
Scient
authority or that of the Church Fathers, are quite few (Jacopone da Todi).
at is why in the descriptions of Europe and the Balkan Peninsula one more fre¬
quently finds information taken from Pliny, Pomponius Mela, Gaius Julius Solinus,
'ncent of Beauvais and other authors and compilers, rather than such reflecting the
condition of lands and peoples at the particular time.
The 14th century saw the emergence of the trend for a preference of the ancient
ra«ier than medieval authors. The geographical map depicting the entire inhabited
*°Hd was established in
cosmographie
knowledge and the teaching of geography,
"at was why the authors of encyclopaedias and various geographical texts also
deluded in their works the description of the world according to this map, the so-
Called
тара
mundi.
Near and familiar locations are relatively well described and correctly record-
On medieval geographical maps. This is valid above all for the known
Mediter¬
anean
world, including the Black Sea. In order to define the "continental" border
"tfvveen Europe and Asia, which according to the notions of the time passed along
e
Tanaïs
(Don River), the Sea of Azov (the Maeotian Sea), they also described the
nea% lands and the adjacent seashore, which led to the other border between the
c°ntinents
-
the Bosporus, the Sea of Marmara and the Dardanelles. The western
Coast °f the Black Sea was described in connection with this
(Brunetto Latini,
G.
ooooo
37 1
ooooo
БЪЛГАРИЯ И БЪЛГАРИТЕ В ИТАЛИАНСКАТА ГЕОГРАФСКА КНИЖНИНА
(XIV-XV1
ВЕК)
,.Λ-.,,<.,-^.
Boccaccio) and Bulgaria and Bulgarians were mentioned in a geographical context
for the first time (G.
Villani,
Fazio
degli liberti).
The first more or less more detailed text describing Bulgaria is found in the
anonymous Descriptio Europae
Orientalis
dating from
1308.
This is a geographi¬
cal treatise, a continuation of Flos
historiarum
terrae Orientis, in which the lands
of Southeastern Europe are described. On the other hand, it can also be regarded as
a Cohortatio
ad rem
gerendám,
i.e. a call for war against the rulers of those lands,
heretics and schismatics, directed at the French Count Charles of
Valois,
called the
Landless
(1270-1325),
with the objective of returning these lands to their "legiti¬
mate" Catholic rulers. To describe Bulgaria the author relied on written evidence
compiled in different ages, as well as on the recollections of an unknown traveler.
Bulgaria and Bulgarians would continue to be described in Western treatises in a
similar context
-
geographical as well as crusader
-
over the following centuries.
Geographical information was not given only in prose (encyclopaedias of the
type
οι
summae
and collectanea) or image
(тара
mundi,
sea charts). They were
learnt by heart in rhythmic prose or in verse. The traditions of the Latin
cursus
and the rhymes of Italian didactic and allegorical poetry
(terza rima
and octave)
contributed to this. The names of distant and strange lands and peoples could be
remembered more easily in rhyme or rhythmic prose. Besides, learning by heart
helped save parchment and paper, which was very costly at that time. Thus the divi¬
sion of land into three between the sons of Noah and their descendants became the
Lord's Prayer to the medieval traveler, be that merchant, crusader or pilgrim. This
type of texts were reproduced and learnt by heart even in the age of the Renaissance
(Benedetto Dei, Giovanni Maria Tolosani
da Colle).
After .the .middle of the 14th century scholars gradually came to realize that the
names (toponyms, ethnonyms) given in the books did not correspond to the contem¬
porary ones and tried to include new sources in order to update the books with geo¬
graphical content. The process of historisation of geographical knowledge followed
a long and winding path. The humanists and their discoveries help lay the modern
foundations of cartography, i.e. the precise location of geographical sites, thanks to
the astronomical coordinates given in Ptolemy's Geography or, to be more precise,
in the corpus ascribed to the Alexandrian scholar. If the translation of Ptolemy's
Geography from Greek into Latin and later into Italian doubtless contributed to the
progress of geographical knowledge, the predilection of the humanists for lending
names an archaic sounding, for substituting modern names for Latin "equivalents"
slowed this process down and brought a certain confusion in later maps and geo¬
graphical treatises
(Enea
Silvio
Piccolomini,
the authors who translated in Italian
and interpreted texts of Pope Pius II and Flavio
Biondo da Forlì).
ooooo
372
ooooo
SUMMARY
«^«~«»c«<~!««>«o«<W0«^í^^>o^^
The inclusion of geographical information in letters and speeches, which
called for the organization of crusades, was a compulsory element in the compila¬
tion of such works which the humanists invariably took into consideration. Detailed
geographical description aimed to demonstrate learnedness on the matter of the
places which had to be defended taken from the hands of the enemy. In addition,
this particular part of the letters or speeches had an educational character, it had
to acquaint the addressee with the lands of the enemy which would become the
stage of future battles. These parts had to contain information about the physical
geographical features like landscape, rivers, seas, lakes, settlements and natural
resources, among others.
Lauro
Quirini's historical letters of
1453
and
1464
reveal a persistent trend in
tne
development of humanist literature compiled on the occasion of the designs for
a crusade against the Ottomans. That is the gradual replacement of contemporary
toponyms with their ancient equivalents in respect to lands conquered by the Turks
earlier. For example, Bulgaria was designated as Moesia inferior and Serbia- as
Moesia Superior
-
with increasing frequency. With the passage of time and the
oblivion to which history destines the defeated, as the Venetian aptly expressed
mself, this process was to gather momentum and was also to include ethnonyms
ln geographical works. Bulgarians and their medieval rulers in particular were
called "Moesians" and/or given the names of other ancient tribes that had inhabited
e Ba'kan Peninsula, not their contemporary (for the writers) ethnic name. The
Philologism of some of the humanists, who disregarded history out of love for
clas¬
sa1
Latin, contributed to this process substantially. Thus the designed but never
organized crusades against the infidel were to become something like crusades of
atln against the new national languages, against geography and even against his-
ОгУ-
Clio would have veil her face in horror at their later vulgarizers who would
ai' to understand the historic by nature message of the humanists entwined in the
Zanders of classicist Latin syntax.
The letters, speeches, addresses to impersonal rulers and politicians of the
{|гое,
in which the authors appealed for organizing a crusade against the Turks,
contain quite a lot of valuable information about the Bulgarians and their lands,
about their history, lifestyle, customs and coexistence with the conquerors. Those
that were provided by eye witnesses who traveled through Bulgarian territory are
Particularly valuable.
The interest of humanists in Greek culture was a factor which helped the
discovery, translation and distribution of Ptolemy's and Strabo's geographies in the
West. The former contributed to the development of cartography, but both became
373
„o™^v»~~
БЪЛГАРИЯ И БЪЛГАРИТЕ
В
ИТАЛИАНСКАТА ГЕОГРАФСКА КНИЖНИНА
(XIV-XV1
ВЕК)
mandatory authorities for anyone who engaged not only in cartography but also
with a description of lands in the
15"'
and the first half of the
Іб"1
century.
The geographers of this period did not refer only to their own orienting maps
of the world they themselves had drawn or to portolan navigation charts, but resort¬
ed to the services of cartographers, engravers, miniaturists, copyists and gradually
to the reports of travelers with which to complement and update what could be put
on the maps according to the data of Ptolemy.
New, "modern" toponyms and ethnonyms appeared along the ancient ones
given in the lists of Ptolemy's Geography. Cartographers not only made maps ac¬
cording to the information of the Alexandrian scholar, but also new maps, reflect¬
ing the contemporary state of the world and its regions. Thus they illustrated the
enormous chasm between the ancient and archaic knowledge of the world and their
own times. The new maps reflected the geography of Modern Times, of Modernity.
In this sense, Renaissance geography and cartography contributed to implanting the
idea of Modernity in the mind of the educated. The Great Geographic Discoveries
were the most facilitating vehicle for the emergence of this revolutionary idea. The
interest of geographers in filling in the "white spots" in the maps of Old World was
no less than that.
The Ottoman invasions, the attempts to achieve a union between the Eastern
Orthodox and the Western Church and the interest in Antiquity were among the
factors that supported familiarization with the lands in the European Southeast. The
humanists, those coiners of the word, translated their contemporary
realia
into the
language of Circero in their addresses and speeches. Thus, very frequently, the an¬
cient province of Moesia Inferior was equal to their contemporary Bulgaria, while
the peoples inhabiting this province were translated as Moesians,
Tribalii
and oth¬
ers. This approach had a double effect. On the one hand, it contributed to familiar¬
ization with Bulgarian lands and their history, but on the other it caused confusion
among later authors. That is why it can be claimed that the second half of the 15th
century is the darkest period of Italy's humanist literature in respect to the usage of
terms like Bulgaria and Bulgarians.
The travelers in the second half of the 15th century rarely resorted to the writ¬
ings of the humanists to compile their memoirs, travellogues or geographical notes
about the lands they crossed. They were men of action, of positive experience,
but they had to resolve problems related to the form in which to present their im¬
pressions from the foreign land to the reader. The model of the final report of the
Venetian diplomat from his mission to the Sublime Porte became imprinted on
their memoirs, itineraries, stories or descriptions. This is a complex work which,
in addition to information about the route of the mission, the stops, the crossings,
ooooo
374
ooooo
SUMMARY
where they spent the night and other short pieces
ofinformation,
included impres¬
sions about the inhabitants of the lands, their lifestyle, customs, the way they made
their living, about the landscape, the rivers and the natural resources of the visited
country. A considerable portion of this literature, which I call books "on matters
Turkish", is divided in subjects like the origin history of the Turks, of the Ottoman
dynasty, the portrait of the sultan, his ministers and favourites, description of the
court and the services attached to it, the military forces on land and in the sea and
soon. In the 15th century this form of travelogue-cum-relatio (final report) became a
literary practice for Italians thanks to the exceptionally popular
Libri Tre delle Cose
de'Turchi
(Three Books on Turkish Matters) of Benedetto
Ramberti.
Not only later
Italian travelers, authors of geographical treatises and so on, but also foreigners,
particularly Frenchmen, borrowed from it.
In that period travelogues appeared mainly in two forms
-
the above-men¬
tioned books "on matters Turkish" and the traditional itineraries. Giuseppe Rosac-
cio transformed Ramberti's travellogue into an itinerary from which mainly men
of action like merchants, pilgrims and sailors gauged information. With his
Itin¬
erario
Marc'Antonio Pigafetta helped spread Renaissance knowledge of the Otto¬
man Empire in the distant for the European Southeast Albion
-
Queen Elizabeth's
England.
Regardless of the fact whether they served Italian rulers or republics, ortrav-
eled abroad under an alias, the Italians of the
1
5th and the
1
б"1
century contributed to
toe spread of Renaissance knowledge about the state of the Grand Turk, the lands
he
ш1е<і
and the peoples whose sovereign he was to the greatest degree. Bulgaria
an° Bulgarians were invariably present among the latter.
Typically for the travelogues of the period the educated travelers recorded
the new geographical names along with the old ones. This is particularly valid of
the travelogues compiled in Latin. Although they continued to trust old authorities
llke
P1'ny, Strabo,
Ptolemy and others in excess the authors boldly headed towards
Modernity and positive knowledge resulting from experience. Thus they actually
Preconditioned Galileo's maxim the "Experience is the mother of science".
Giovanni Battista Ramusio,
compiler and author of many parts of the most
femous Renaissance work on navigation and travel
Delle navigazioni e viaggi,
came to the subject of Bulgaria and Bulgarians in a curious manner. He did not
Polish a travelogue about Bulgarian lands. However, the chronicle of Geoffrey of
Villehardouin describing the events related to the Fourth Crusade fell into his hands
and 't also told the story of Tsar Kaloyan and his army. In one of the forewords to.
Marco Polo's account of his travels the erudite included a recount of this chronicle,
both to underscore how learned he was and to "advertise" a future historical treatise
375
БЪЛГАРИЯ И БЪЛГАРИТЕ В ИТАЛИАНСКАТА ГЕОГРАФСКА КНИЖНИНА
(X1V-XV1
ВЕК) =
of his son Paolo, compiled on the basis of this chronicle. Thus information about
the history of the Bulgarians filtered in a collection of travel accounts, one in which
the attitude of Ramusio was more nuanced compared to that found in traditional
geographical works.
The translations and manipulations of the text of this very same chronicle,
written by Paolo and his son Girolamo, included a number of geographical de¬
viations in the historical account of the 13th century events, ones that revealed the
evolution of geographical familiarity with Bulgarians in the \6lh and the beginning
of the 17th century. Thus the problem-fields of history and geography intertwined,
influenced each other mutually and complemented each other to expand the knowl¬
edge Italians had about Bulgarian territories and the people who inhabited them.
New texts were added in the later editions of
Delle navigazioni e viaggi
which
were not only accounts of travels but also treatises on the history of Slavs. These
include the work of
Alessandro Guagnino,
which also mentions Bulgaria and the
Bulgarians in a broader, general Slav context.
The distribution of the different printed editions of Ramusio's collection
helped enrich with new information the translations of Ptolemy
-
an author who
was not forgotten even in the late 16th century. This new information was taken
from travelogues, geographical treatises, diplomatic and missionary reports. Thus
a new Geography, this time compiled "in the manner of travelers", was born in the
second half of the century.
At the end of the century scholars realized that endless compilation and col¬
lection
ofinformation
about peoples and/or states did was not sufficient for modern
knowledge. Thus in Giovanni Botero's
Relazioni Universali he
structured the infor¬
mation accumulated over the centuries and distributed it in different chapters of his
multi-volume work. In the first volume he presented the historical and geographical
information about Bulgaria and Bulgarians, while their contemporary position and
the state of their religion were given in volume three. The Bulgarians were also
discussed in the general context of their contemporary position as subjects of the
Ottoman state.
In the period between the 14th and the
16lh
century geographical familiariza¬
tion with Bulgaria and the Bulgarians followed a complicated and contradictory
route. Abundant documentary material, related to the past and present of these peo¬
ple and the lands they inhabited, was accumulated in Italian medieval encyclopae¬
dias, poems, travelogues, treatises, speeches, translations and editions of Ptolemy
and the works on general geography. Before taking to the road, any curious reader,
future traveler, diplomat or missionary could consult these widely-distributed and
read works for the time.
coooo
376
ooooo
SUMMARY
It is to their authors, the scholars of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance that
we owe the gratitude and veneration the student owes his teacher. In those distant
times the authors of these works were clearly aware of the grandeur of knowledge
and science. That was why completed his compendium to
Goro
Dati's
La Sfera
with
the lines:
Remember thou forever in your hearts
THAT KNOWLEDGE IS THE MASTER OF THE STARS.
377
СЪДЪРЖАНИЕ
ВЪВЕДЕНИЕ
.15
ГЛАВА ПЪРВА
ГЕОГРАФСКОТО ПОЗНАНИЕ ЗА БЪЛГАРИЯ И БЪЛГАРИТЕ
У
ВЕК
.25
1.1.
СРЕДНОВЕКОВНОТО ГЕОГРАФСКО ОПОЗНАВАНЕ НА ЕВРОПА,
НЕЙНИЯ ЮГОИЗТОК И БЪЛГАРИЯ ПРЕЗ ВТОРАТА ПОЛОВИНА
НА
XIII-XV
ВЕК: УЧЕНИ СРЕЩУ ПЪТЕШЕСТВЕНИЦИ
.25
1.1.1.
Брунето
Латини
(1220-1294).27
1.1.2.
Якопоне от Тоди(
1230-1306).37
1.1.3.
Описание на Източна Европа
от 1308 г.
.42
1.1.4.
Географските бележки на флорентинските търговци
.49
1.1.4.1.
Джовани Вилани
(1280-1348).50
1.1.4.2.
Джовани Бокачо
(1313-1375).55
1.1.4.3.
БенедетоДеи
(1418-1492).56
1.1.5.
Римуваните географии
.61
1.1.5.1.
Дитамондо на Фацио дели Уберта^ок.
1305/9
-ок.
1367).62
1.1.5.2.
Сферата
на Горо Дати
или на Леонардо
Дати и нейното
продължение
-
Новата сфера на Джовани Мария Толозани
да Коле
.67
1.2.
ГЕОГРАФИЯТА НА ХУМАНИСТИТЕ ОТ
XV
ВЕК
-
ANCILLA
HISTÓRIÁÉ
.75
1.2.1.
Откритията на хуманистите и техните помощници
.75
1.2.2.
Кръстоносният поход на латинския език: географските бележки
на хуманистите за България и българите
.84
1.2.2.1.
Флавио Биондо от Форли
-
Флавиус Блондус Форливензис
(1392-1463).85
1.2.2.2.
Енеа Силвио Пиколомини
-
папа Пий
II
(1405-1464).91
1.2.2.3.
ЛауроКуирини
(1420-1475/9).97
1.2.2.4.
Филипо Буонакорси
-
Опитния
Калимах
(1437-1496).104
1.2.3.
Птолемей
говори в италиански стихове
-
Географията на Франческо
Берлингиери
(1440-1501).112
ГЛАВА ВТОРА
БЪЛГАРИЯ И БЪЛГАРИТЕ В ИТАЛИАНСКИТЕ ПЪТЕПИСИ
ОТ
XV
И
XVI
ВЕК
.
121
2.1.
ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ НА ЖАНРА
.
I21
2.2.
ИТИНЕРАРЪТ
-
ПЪРВООБРАЗ И ЯДРО НА ПЪТЕПИСНАТА
КНИЖНИНА
.
126
2.2.1.
Джован-Мария Анджолело
(1452-1524).127
2.2.2.
За Марино
Кавали, неговите пътувания от Венеция до Константинопол
през
1558
и
1567
г. и свързаните
с
тях съчинения
.138
2.2.3.
Джулио Манчинели, или спомените за едно плаване по Западното
Черноморие от 80-те години на
XVI
век
.155
2.3.
ПЕЧАТНИЯТ ПЪТЕПИС
-
ПРЕТЕНЦИИ ЗА НАУЧНОСТ И
ХУДОЖЕСТВЕНО СЛОВО
.
I60
2.3.1.
Бенедето Рамберти и неговите непознати следовници
.163
2.3.2.
Пътеписите на „другите" италианци
.184
ГЛАВА ТРЕТА
БЪЛГАРИЯ И БЪЛГАРИТЕ СПОРЕД ИТАЛИАНСКИТЕ ГЕОГРАФИ
ОТ
XVI
ВЕК
.205
3.1.
ЗА МОРЕПЛАВАНИЯТА И ПЪТЕШЕСТВИЯТА
НА ДЖОВАН БАТИСТА
РАМУЗИО И НЕГОВИТЕ ПРОДЪЛЖИТЕЛИ
.205
3.1.1.
Джован
Батиста Рамузио
( 1485-1557).206
3.1.2
Паоло Рамузио
(1532-1600)
и Джироламо Рамузио
(1555-1610).219
3.1.3
АлесандроГуанино
(1534-1614).224
3.2.
РЕНЕСАНСОВИТЕ ТРУДОВЕ ПО ОБЩА ГЕОГРАФИЯ
И ПОЗНАНИЕТО ЗА БЪЛГАРИЯ И БЪЛГАРИТЕ
.
234
3.2.1.
Картографи, преводачи, компилатори, коректори
на Птолемей
.238
3.2.1.1.
Пиетро Андреа Матиоли
(1501-1578)
и Джакомо Гасталди
(1500-1566).239
3.2.Î.2.
Йеронимо Рушели
(1504-1566).241
3.2.2.
Географията „по маниера на пътешествениците"
.
3.2.2.1.
Джовани
Лоренцо Д'Анания
( 1545-1609).
247
3.2.2.2.
Джовани Антонио Маджини
(1555-1617).
^
3.2.2.3.
Джузепе Розачо
(1530-1620).
265
6
3.3.
БЪЛГАРИЯ И БЪЛГАРИТЕ В ДОКЛАДИ ОТ ЦЯЛ СВЯТ НА ДЖОВАНИ
БОТЕРО(1544-1617)
.269
ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ
.293
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ
.299
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ
І.Якопоне от
Тоди
(1230-1306).301
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ
2.
Джовани Вилани
(1280-1348).303
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ
3.
Фацио дели Уберти (ок.
1305/9
-ок.
1367).305
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ
4.
Франческо Берлингиери
( 1440-1501).312
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ
5.
Джован-Мария Анджолело
(1452-1524).316
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ
6.
Марино
Кавали и спътници
.321
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ
7.
Николо Микиел
.334
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ
8.
Джузепе Розачо
(1530-1620).341
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ
9.
Маркантонио Пигафета
.344
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ
10.
Паоло Рамузио
(1532-1600)
и
Джироламо Рамузио
(1555-1610) .366
РЕЗЮМЕ НА АНГЛИЙСКИ ЕЗИК
.371
РЕЗЮМЕ НА ИТАЛИАНСКИ ЕЗИК
.378
ЛИТЕРАТУРА
.385
ПОКАЗАЛЕЦ НА ИМЕНАТА
.407
ПОКАЗАЛЕЦ НА ГЕОГРАФСКИТЕ ИМЕНА
.429
ИЛЮСТРАЦИИ
.441
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
.15
CHAPTER ONE
GEOGRAPHICAL KNOWLEDGE ABOUT BULGARIA AND
BULGARIANS IN THE 14TH-15TH CENTURY
.'.25
1.1.
MEDIEVAL GEOGRAPHICAL FAMILIARIZATION WITH EUROPE,
ITS SOUTHEAST AND BULGARIA IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE
13™
AND THE
15™
CENTURY: SCHOLARS VERSUS TRAVELLERS
.25
1.1.1.
Brunetto
Latini
(1220-1294).27
1.1.2.
Jacopone da Todi
(1230-1306).
37
1.1.3.
A
1308
Description of Eastern Europe
.42
1.1.4.
Geographical notes of Florentine merchants
.49
1.1.4.1.
Giovanni
Villani
(1280-1348).
50
1.1.4.2.
Giovanni Boccaccio
(1313-1372).
55
1.1.4.3.
Benedetto Dei
(1418-1492).
56
1.1.5.
Geographic writings in rhyme
.
*>1
1.1.5.1.
Fazio
degli
Uberti's
11
Dittamondo (c. 1305/9-c.
1367).62
1.1.5.2.
La Sfera
by
Goro
Dati or
Leonardo
Dati
and its sequel
-
Giovanni Maria Tolosani
da Colle's Nuova Sfera.
67
1.2.
THE GEOGRAPHY OF
1
5th CENTURY HUMANISTS
-
ANCILLA
HISTÓRIÁÉ
.
75
1.2.1.
The discoveries of the humanists and their cartographers
.
7->
1.2.2.
The crusade of Latin: geographical notes of humanists about Bulgaria and
Bulgarians
.^4
1.2.2.1.
Flavio
Biondo da Forlì
-
Flavius Blondus
Forlivensis
(1392-1463).
85
1.2.2.2.
Enea
Silvio Piccolomini, Pope Pius II
(1405-1464).
91
1.2.2.3.
Lauro
Quirini
(1420-1475/9).
97
1.2.2.4.
Filippo
Buonaccorsi
-
Callimachus Experiens
(1437-1496).
1°4
1.2.3.
Ptolemy speaks in Italian verse -The Geographia of Francesco
Berlinghieri
(1440-1501).
l12
8
CHAPTER TWO
BULGARIA AND BULGARIANS IN
15™
AND
16™
CENTURY
ITALIAN TRAVELOGUES
.121
2.1.
GENRE CHARACTERISTICS
.121
2.2.
ITINERARY: THE MATRIX AND CORE OF TRAVEL LITERATURE
.126
2.2.1.
Giovan-MariaAngiolellp
(1452-1524) .127
2.2.2.
About Marino
Cavalli,
his travels to Venice and Constantinople
in
1558
and
1567
and the related works
.138
2.2.3.
Giulio Mancinelli,
or memories of sailing along the Western Black Sea
coast in the 1580s
.155
2.3.
PRINTED TRAVELOGUES
-
CLAIMS TO SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY AND
BELLES-LETTRES
.160
2.3.1.
Benedetto
Ramberti
and his unknown followers
.163
2.3.2.
The travelogues of the "other" Italians
-
Marc'Antonio Pigafetta
.184
CHAPTER THREE
BULGARIA AND THE BULGARIANS OF
16™
CENTURY
ITALIAN GEOGRAPHERS
.205
3.1.
GIOVANNI
BATTISTA RAMUSIO'S DELLE NAVIGAZIONI E VIAGGIANO
HIS CONTINUATORS
.205
3.1.1.
Giovanni Battista Ramusio
(1485-1557).206
3.1.2.
Paolo
(1532-1600)
and Girolamo Ramusio
(1555-1610).219
3.1.3.
Alessandro Guagnino
(1534-1614).224
3.2.
RENAISSANCE
WORKS GENERAL
GEOGRAPHY
WORKS AND
KNOWLEDGE ABOUT
BULGARIA
AND BULGARIANS
.234
3.2.1.
Cartographers, translators, compilers and correctors of Ptolemy
.238
3.2.1.1.
Pietro
Andrea Mattioli
(1501-1578)
and
Giacomo
Gastaldi
(1500-1566).239
3.2.1.2.
Ieronimo Ruscelli
(1504-1566).241
3.2.2.
Geography "after the manner of travelers"
.247
3.2.2.1.
Giovanni Lorenzo D'Anania
(1545-1609).247
3.2.2.2.
Giovanni Antonio
Magini (1555-1617).258
3.2.2.3.
Giuseppe
Rosacelo
(1530-1620).265
3.3.
Bulgaria
and Bulgarians in Giovanni Botero's
Relazioni Universali
(1544-1617).
269
CONCLUSION
.
293
APPENDICES
.
2"
1.
Iacopone da Todi. Povertade ennamorata, Grande
è la tua signoria.
301
2.
Giovanni
Villani. La Nuova Cronica (a
description of European shores).
303
3.
Fazio
degli Uberti.
//
Dittamondo (selected
terza rima
about Bulgaria
and Bulgarians)
.305
4.
Francesco Berlinghieri
.312
5.
Giovan-Maria
Angioletto. Viaggio di Negroponte (a
description
of the trip from Farsalato Hafsa)
.316
6.
Marino
Cavalli
and companions
.321
7.
Nicolo Michiel,
companion to Marino
Cavalli
(1558).
"Private" report
. 334
8.
Giuseppe
Rosacelo Viaggio da Venezia a Costantinopoliper terra
e mare
.341
9.
Marc'Antonio Pigafetta
.344
10.
Paolo and Girolamo Ramusio. Della Guerra di Costantinopoli Libri sei
(selected excerpts about Bulgaria's geography)
.366
SUMMARY IN ENGLISH
.371
SUMMARY IN ITALIAN
.378
BIBLIOGRAPHY
.385
INDEX OF PERSONAL NAMES
.
407
INDEX OF GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES
.
429
ILLUSTRATIONS
. .441
ooooo
10
CONTENUTO
INTRODUZIONE
.15
CAPITOLO PRIMO
LE CONOSCENZE GEOGRAFICHE SULLA BULGARIA E
I
BULGARI
NEI SECOLI XIV-XV
.25
1.1.
LE CONOSCENZE GEOGRAFICHE MEDIEVALI SULL'EUROPA,
LA PENISOLA BALCANICA E LA BULGARIA DAL SECONDO
DUECENTO AL QUATTROCENTO: ERUDITI V/S VIAGGIATORI
.25
1.1.1.
Brunetto Latini
(1220-1294).27
1.1.2.
Iacopone da Todi
(1230-1306).37
1.1.3.
La
Descriptie
Europae Orientalis
del
1308.42
1.1.4.
Le note di geografia dei mercanti fiorentini
.49
1.1.4.1.
Giovanni Villani
(1280-1348).50
1.1.4.2.
Giovanni Boccaccio
(1313-1375).55
1.1.4.3.
Benedetto Dei
(1418-1492).56
1.1.5.
Le „geografie metriche"
.61
Ì.Ì.S.Ì.IlDitiamondo di
Fazio
degli Uberti (e.
1305/9-
e.
1367).62
1.1.5.2.
La Sfera di
Goro
Dati
о
Leonardo Dati e la sua continuazione:
la Nuova Sfera e il Compendio di Giovarmi Maria Tolosani
da-Colle
.67
1.2.
LA GEOGRAFIA DEGLI UMANISTI DEL QUATTROCENTO:
ANCILLA
HISTÓRIÁÉ
.75
1.2.1.
Le scoperte degli umanisti e dei cartografi
.75
1.2.2.
La crociata del latino: la Bulgaria e
і
bulgari nelle note di geografia
degli umanisti
.84
1.2.2.1.
Flavio Biondo da Forlì,
Flavius Blondus
Forlivensis
(1392-1463).85
1.2.2.2.
Enea Silvio Piccolomini, papa Pio
II
(1405-1464).91
1.2.2.3.
Lauro Quirini
(1420-1475/9).97
1.2.2.4.
Filippo Buonaccorsi, Callimaco Esperiente
(1437-1496).104
1.2.3.
Tolomeo parla in versi italiani: La Geografia di Francesco Berlinghieri
(1440-1501).112
11
CAPITOLO SECONDO
LA BULGARIA E
I
BULGARI
HELLA
LETTERATURA DI VIAGGIO
DAL QUATTRO- AL CINQUECENTO
.121
2.1.
TRATTI CARATTERISTICI DEL GENERE
.121
2.2.
Ľ
ITINERARIO: MATRICE E NUCLEO DELLA LETTERATURA
DI VIAGGIO
.
l26
2.2.1.
Giovan-Maria Angiolello
(1452-1524) .127
2.2.2.
Di Marino Cavalli e dei documenti che attestano
і
suoi viaggi
da Venezia a Costantinopoli nel
1558
e nel
1567.138
2.2.3.
Giulio Mancinelli,
о
le memorie di una navigazione lungo le coste
occidentali del
Mar
Nero negli anni
'80
del
sec. XVI
.155
2.3.
IL DIARIO DI VIAGGIO A STAMPA: TRA LA SCIENZA E
LA PROSA D'ARTE
.16°
2.3.1.
Benedetto
Ramberti
e
і
suoi sconosciuti seguaci
.1^3
2.3.2.
L'odeporica degli „altri" italiani: Marc'Antonio Pigafetta
.184
CAPITOLO TERZO
LA BULGARIA E
I
BULGARI SECONDO
I
GEOGRAFI
ITALIANI DEL CINQUECENTO
.
205
3.1.
Delle navigazioni e viaggi di Giovan Battista Ramusio e
suoi continuatori
.205
3.1.1.
Giovan Battista Ramusio
(1485-1557).206
3.1.2.
Paolo Ramusio
(1532-1600)
e Girolamo Ramusio
(1555-1610) .219
3.1.3.
Alessandro Guagnino
(1534-1614).224
3.2.
LE OPERE RINASCIMENTALI DI GEOGRAFIA GENERALE E
LA CONOSCENZA DELLA BULGARIA E DEI BULGARI
.234
3.2.1.
Cartografi, traduttori, compilatori, correttori di Tolomeo
.238
3.2.1.1.
Pietro
Andrea
Mattioli
(1501-1578)
e Giacomo
Gastaldi
(1500-1566).239
3.2.1.2.
Ieronimo Ruscelli
(1504-1566).
241
3.2.2.
La geografia „alla maniera dei viaggiatori"
.247
3.2.2.1.
Giovanni
Lorenzo
D'Anania
(1545-1609).
247
3.2.2.2.
Giovanni Antonio
Magini (1555-1617).
258
3.2.2.3.
Giuseppe Rosacelo
(1530-1620).
265
12
3.3.
LA BULGARIA
E
I
BULGARI NELLE RELAZIONI UNIVERSALI
DI GIOVANNI
BOTERO
(1544-1617).269
CONCLUSIONE
.293
APPENDICI
.299
1.
lacopone da Todi. Povertade innamorata, Grande è la tua signoria
.301
2.
Giovanni Villani. La
/Vwova
Cron/ca (descrizione-dell' Europa)
.303
3.
Fazio
degli Uberti.
//
Dittamondo (terzine sulla Bulgaria e
і
bulgari)
.305
4.
Francesco Berlinghieri
.312
5.
Giovan-Maria Angiolello. Viaggio di Negroponte
(descrizione della strada da Farsala aHafsa)
.316
6.
Marino Cavalli e compagni
.321
7.
Nicolo Michiel, compagno di Marino Cavalli
(1558)
e la sua
relazione „privata"
.334
8.
Giuseppe Rosacelo. Viaggio da Venezia a Costantinopoli per terra
e mare
.341
9.
Marc'Antonio Pigafetta
.344
10.
Paolo Ramusio e Girolamo Ramusio. Della Guerra di Costantinopoli
Libri sei (le digressioni geografiche sulle terre dei bulgari)
.366
SUMMARY
.371
RIASSUNTO
.378
LETTERATURA
.385
INDICE DEI NOMI
.407
INDICE DEI LUOGHI
.429
ILLUSTRAZIONI
.441
ooooo
] 3
ooooo |
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| author | Danova, Penka 1957- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1068893885 |
| author_facet | Danova, Penka 1957- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Danova, Penka 1957- |
| author_variant | p d pd |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV039479284 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)750716875 (DE-599)BVBBV039479284 |
| edition | 1. izd. |
| era | Geschichte 1300-1600 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1300-1600 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Italien (DE-588)4027833-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Italien |
| id | DE-604.BV039479284 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-01-02T19:11:39Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789543261314 |
| language | Bulgarian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024193536 |
| oclc_num | 750716875 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-B220 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-B220 |
| physical | 461 S. Ill., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publishDateSearch | 2010 |
| publishDateSort | 2010 |
| publisher | Paradigma |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Danova, Penka 1957- Verfasser (DE-588)1068893885 aut Bălgarija i bălgarite v italianskata geografska knižnina (XIV - XVI vek) Penka Danova 1. izd. Sofija Paradigma 2010 461 S. Ill., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier PST: Bulgaria and Bulgarians in 14th - 16th century Italian geographical writings. - In kyrill. Schr., bulg. - Zsfassung in engl. und ital. Sprache Geschichte 1300-1600 gnd rswk-swf Geografie (DE-588)4020216-1 gnd rswk-swf Bulgarienbild (DE-588)4317252-0 gnd rswk-swf Italien (DE-588)4027833-5 gnd rswk-swf Italien (DE-588)4027833-5 g Geografie (DE-588)4020216-1 s Bulgarienbild (DE-588)4317252-0 s Geschichte 1300-1600 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024193536&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024193536&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Danova, Penka 1957- Bălgarija i bălgarite v italianskata geografska knižnina (XIV - XVI vek) Geografie (DE-588)4020216-1 gnd Bulgarienbild (DE-588)4317252-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4020216-1 (DE-588)4317252-0 (DE-588)4027833-5 |
| title | Bălgarija i bălgarite v italianskata geografska knižnina (XIV - XVI vek) |
| title_auth | Bălgarija i bălgarite v italianskata geografska knižnina (XIV - XVI vek) |
| title_exact_search | Bălgarija i bălgarite v italianskata geografska knižnina (XIV - XVI vek) |
| title_full | Bălgarija i bălgarite v italianskata geografska knižnina (XIV - XVI vek) Penka Danova |
| title_fullStr | Bălgarija i bălgarite v italianskata geografska knižnina (XIV - XVI vek) Penka Danova |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bălgarija i bălgarite v italianskata geografska knižnina (XIV - XVI vek) Penka Danova |
| title_short | Bălgarija i bălgarite v italianskata geografska knižnina |
| title_sort | balgarija i balgarite v italianskata geografska kniznina xiv xvi vek |
| title_sub | (XIV - XVI vek) |
| topic | Geografie (DE-588)4020216-1 gnd Bulgarienbild (DE-588)4317252-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geografie Bulgarienbild Italien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024193536&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024193536&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT danovapenka balgarijaibalgaritevitalianskatageografskaknizninaxivxvivek |